success annual report 2012
DESCRIPTION
annual report, CO2 storageTRANSCRIPT
SUbsurface CO2 storage- Critical Elements and Superior Strategy
Annu
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“We have to work with the natural characteristics of the rocks in order to ensure a safe result for CO2 storage over the long term.”
Nick Riley, British Geological SurveySUCCESS Scientific Advisory Committee
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Centre administrationArvid Nøttvedt Centre Manager
Per Aagaard Scientific leaderIvar Aavatsmark Scientific leader
Charlotte G. Krafft Centre coordinator
General assemblyAll partners and Board Chairman
Executive boardKåre R. Vagle
Chairman
WP1Storage (Geo)
Helge HellevangActivity leader
WP4Monitoring
Marion BørresenActivity leader
WP7CO2 school
Therese K. F. LoeActivity leader
WP2Fluid flow
Ivar AavatsmarkActivity leader
WP6Operations
(INJECT)
Magnus WangenActivity leader
WP3Sealing
Harald JohansenActivity leader
WP5Marine
component
Truls JohannessenActivity leader
Scientific advisory committeeStefan Bachu
Dag NummedalClaus OttoNick Riley
as of 31.12.2012
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Organization 2SUCCESS in perspective 4Scientific leaders summing up 2012 6Centre partners 10Collaborating projects 11Looking for good storage sites 12Focus on the seabed 14May fracture, but not leak 18Monitoring CO2 in the subsurface 20SUCCESSful news 23New infrastructure and methods 24Meet Per Aagaard 26Meet Ingrid Anell 28Meet Maria Elenius 30Meet Bahman Bohloli 32Chairman speaking 34Key figures 37Scientific staff 2012 38SUCCESS Centre publications 2012 42
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SUCCESS in perspective
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The FME SUCCESS Centre is unique amongst Europe-an national research programmes on Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) relating to fossil fuel use in that it is entirely dedicated to the downstream part of the CCS chain, namely (geological) storage.
CCS is the only technology that could mitigate, directly, fossil fuel emissions from combustion on the scale required to meet the atmospheric stabilisation targets of CO2. Such targets are needed in order to address the potential climate change & ocean acidi-fication risks posed by rising levels of atmospheric & oceanic CO2. For CCS to be effective it is the CO2 stor-age aspect that is the most difficult part of the CCS chain to gain confidence in. Hence FME SUCCESS’ relevance to Norway, which is a maritime country, in the Holarctic/Arctic region (the Arctic is currently warming faster than anywhere else on the planet) with an economy heavily dependent on fossil fuels.
Geological CO2 storage aims to isolate the captured CO2 from the atmosphere for timescales of thousands of years. Like a carpenter has to work with the grain of the wood, so we have to work with the natural char-acteristics of the rocks in order to ensure a safe result for CO2 storage over the long term.
The FME SUCCESS Centre is researching into how to harness natural processes & features within the rocks to see if the vast geological potential (identified by oil
and gas operations) that Norway has for storing CO2 can be realized, particularly offshore at great depth beneath the seabed, and onshore in the Arctic. This requires the scientists and engineers who can develop and deploy methods for predicting how CO2 can be effectively trapped underground over long timescales, either by forming new minerals or by dissolving in deep brines held within pores in the rocks.
We need to be able to calculate how much CO2 can be stored and where. Can we assess at what rate it can be injected & when? If the CO2 did move out of the intended storage depth what would happen? Could we intervene to stop it leaking out to the seabed or ground surface? What would be the effects of leakage on marine or Arctic life? Can we monitor the CO2 so that we can be sure it is behaving as predicted? How would we do this?
These are some of the big challenges that the FME SUCCESS Centre research is addressing, bringing together a well integrated and critical mass of key Norwegian institutes and expertise in the geo- and biological sciences, mathematical modeling, physics, social sciences and engineering. The Centre has also attracted high quality post-graduate researchers from around the world, providing a focus for capac-ity building and training that will impact far into the future, not only for Norway, but globally.
Nick RileyBritish Geological SurveySUCCESS Scientific Advisory Committee
“We need to be able to calculate how much CO2 can be stored and where.”
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Scientific leaders summing up 2012
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In 2012, the SUCCESS Centre has been fully operational, with all planned PhD students enrolled and a high scientific output.
The centre produced more than 30 conference abstracts and journal publications, and more than 70 conference and workshop contributions.
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In 2012, the SUCCESS Centre has been fully opera-tional, with all planned PhD students enrolled and a high scientific output. The centre produced more than 40 conference abstracts and journal publications, and more than 70 conference and workshop contributions. At GHGT in Kyoto, participants from the SUCCESS partners UiO, NGI, IFE, UiB and Uni contributed with altogether ten posters, abstracts and presentations.
An important strategy of the centre has been to grow a larger portfolio of collaborative research projects on CO2 storage under the SUCCESS umbrella. In 2012, three new research projects were linked to the centre through collaborative agreements.
In 2012, the FME centres SUCCESS and BIGCCS, in co-operation with CLIMIT and the broader research com-munity in Norway, initiated a project to identify key geoscience and petroleum technology gaps related to large scale storage of CO2 on the Norwegian shelf. An industry-political vision to guide further research on CO2 storage has been developed:“The Norwegian research community will contribute in developing the knowledge and technology neces-sary to enable large scale storage of CO2 (>10 Mt CO2/yr) on the Norwegian shelf within 2018. Utilization of
CO2 for petroleum EOR, harvesting of the Norwegian petroleum expertise and exploitation of business op-portunities related to CO2 storage shall have particu-lar attention.”
The SUCCESS scientific advisory committee (SAC) had its first meeting in Bergen the fall of 2012 and advised on research directions. They emphasize the importance of strong international collaboration and building of a formalized research network on CO2 stor-age with selected international institutions. This will be followed up.
The centre increased its focus on outreach in 2012, which has led to more than 20 articles in news and me-dia. Launching of the newsletter «SUCCESSful news» in May 2012 has been welcomed and appreciated by partners in the centre and the expanded SUCCESS network.
The scientific results include developing of numerical tools for modeling of near well pressure and deforma-tion, and the centre has planned experimental studies of near well flow and reactions. To constrain geochemi-cal simulations of mineral trapping, experimental studies of carbonate mineral nucleation and growth on different mineral substrates have been started. An internal (SUCCESS) report with updated kinetic data of mineral reactions has been made. A study of equa-tion of state for CO2 mixtures (CO2 + N2 + O2 + SO2 + H2S + light hydrocarbons) has been made.
Model studies of CO2 dissolution in formation water due to gravity driven convection have focused on the effect of the distribution of horizontal barriers and the capillary zone between the CO2 plume and water. The overall dissolution rate was found to decrease expo-nentially with the length of permeability barriers and linearly with the opening between them. Although the flow structure is complex, an effective vertical perme-ability may be computed, and this can be used directly to obtain a first-order approximation to the mass flux into the domain. Inclusion of the capillary zone increased the dissolution rate and reduced the onset time considerably. In three of four cases the onset time was halved and the dissolution rate was doubled.
Photo from electron microscope shows early formed magnesite (red) being replaced by a more stable carbonate phase (purple).
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The importance of the capillary zone was greatest for formations with large absolute permeability and small porosity. This is because the length scale of instability is smallest for these formations.
Marine monitoring baselines (the marine carbonate system) and methodology studies, by geochemical and microbiological analyses of the water column, sedi-ment pore water, and directly in the sediment, have been carried out in the North Sea with focus on the Sleipner area. A long term sediment exposure study with high levels of CO2 (up to 20,000 ppm) is currently running, to see if there are any changes in biodiversity and ecosystems. Biomarkers for high levels of CO2 have been identified, and metagenomic analyses are under evaluation as a new monitoring tool. Planning of a new activity in SUCCESS on CO2 as a heat-carrier in geothermal-energy systems, has been done for work in 2013.
The SUCCESS Centre has a strong emphasis on indus-trial relevance, and many of the centre activities are linked directly to critical challenges in CO2 research and commercial field pilots:1. UNIS CO2 Lab. The regional characterization of
the Longyearbyen storage complex has been complemented with interpretation of 2D seismic
data from the northern Barents Sea. Compart-mentalization of the Longyearbyen reservoir and seal has been studied by new organic gas sam-pling techniques as well as residual salt Sr isotope data, as input to a 2nd generation reservoir model (UNIS).
2. Snøhvit field pilot. Experimental studies on geomechanical response to CO2 injection and fracture related rock physics are ongoing, i.e biot coefficient determinations, friction and creep of both intact rock and on fractures, effect of CO2 on fracture permeability. An internal report on the potential for fault-reactivation and fracturing of Tubåen Formation has been made.
3. Sleipner field pilot. New interpretation of CSEM (Controlled Source Electro-Magnetic) data from Utsira Formation (Pseudo 2D-inversion) has resulted in a new geological model based on well resistivity data (3D FE model). A corresponding sensitivity study has improved the accuracy of estimated CO2 saturation in the reservoir.
4. Johansen Formation. An improved reservoir model for Johansen Formation has been developed, focusing on intra-reservoir geometries and other heterogeneities.
The sun sets on the fantastic Triassic cliff exposures of Kvalpynten on the southwest coast of Edgeøya
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Research partners Christian Michelsen Research AS (host institution)Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI)Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)Uni Research (Uni)University of Bergen (UiB)University of Oslo (UiO)University Centre of Svalbard (UNIS)
Industry partnersCGG VeritasConocoPhillipsLundin Norway AS (new partner in 2012)RWE Dea Norge ASStatoil Petroleum ASAStore Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani AS
Centre partners
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Centre Portfolio 2012An important strategy of the centre has been to grow a larger portfolio of collaborative research projects on CO2 storage under the SUCCESS umbrella.
The SUCCESS Centre has entered into formal collaboration agreements with several other Norwe-gian research projects on CO2 storage.
In 2012, three new projects joined the Centre Portfolio: • IMPACT, hosted by UniResearch• MATMORA II, hosted by UiB• VIRCOLA, hosted by CMR
Existing collaborations prior to 2012:• RAMORE, hosted by UiO• MATMORA I, hosted by UiB• INJECT, hosted by IFE• IGeMS CO2, hosted by UiB
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Looking for good storage sites
Helge Hellevang
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Researcher Helge Hellevang at the University of Oslo is leading a work package that consists of a wide range of researchers with five specified fields of study. Their mission is to chart good CO2 storage sites along the Norwegian coast and in Svalbard. Extensive work is also being conducted to simulate the ‘behaviour’ of CO2 in the reservoir from the time when it is pumped into the storage site until it has been stored for thou-sands of years.
“Looking for storage reservoirs and creating models for them is a key task. Nothing can be stored until we have found suitable sites,” says Hellevang.
Statoil has stored CO2 from the Sleipner field in the adjacent Utsira structure since 1996. Utsira has all of the qualities required of a good reservoir. It has high injectivity, porosity and permeability. It also has a 800 m layer of clay on top that protects it from leaks.
Finds qualitiesFew reservoirs meet up to the very high standard of Utsira. Still they can be fully usable. To achieve suffi-cient storage capacity for the large volumes of CO2 we need to store, it is essential that researchers describe the reservoirs as completely as possible, and find out what qualities CO2 develops during different types of storage, at varying pressures and temperature. This is analyzed in closely-controlled laboratory experiments.
“When we inject CO2, it always contains impurities and a different density than pure CO2, and it will flow in a slightly different way in the reservoir. Small differ-ences in density can be critical to the distance flowed by the gas. Studying gas flows under high pressure and high temperatures is particularly important. There is space for more at higher densities (with liquid quali-ties). It is therefore very important to know when CO2 achieves these qualities,” says Hellevang.
Carbonate formationOther reactions also take place during storage that can increase the security of the storage. CO2 dissolved
Work Package 1 is led by Helge Hellevang at Uni-versity of Oslo. Several partners in FME SUCCESS are collaborating and working on activities in WP1: Uni Research, Christian Michelsen Research and University of Bergen.
Like to know more about the FME SUCCESS activities on this topic?Contact Helge Hellevang at University in Oslo, [email protected]
in water forms carbonic acid, which makes water acid. The acidity releases metals like magnesium, iron and calcium from surrounding rock. Carbonates are formed when the released metals react with CO2. The CO2 is then tied to a solid, the gas no longer is mobile, and the risk of leaks is reduced.
The amount of CO2 that can be converted depends on the amount of metal in the minerals, and the research-ers still have some work left to find out how quickly these reactions take place. Understanding mineral growth is important in order to predict the effect of CO2 on the reservoir over a period of thousands of years.
One to five per cent“One to five per cent of the minerals in a reservoir may usually be converted into carbonates. In reservoirs that slant upwards and are open at the top, leaks will normally arise over time, but if there are enough min-eral reactions, these may prevent CO2 from escaping this way,” says Hellevang, who emphasizes that this is something the researchers have not modelled yet.
Another field of study in this work package uses an advanced flow rig to, among other things, identify the flow qualities of CO2 through a type of rock. Research is also done on similarities in the processes for geo-thermal energy and CO2 storage.
“Finding and studying good CO2 storage sites along the Norwegian coast is a major task in the SUCCESS Centre”.
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Focus on the seabed
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Monitoring water masses and sediments on the seabed should provide good indications of leakage from subsea CO2 storage sites.
The challenge is to describe the baseline prior to the CO2 injection, and this is what Laila Johanne Reigstad and Abdirahman M. Omar are trying to solve with their work.
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digital geo-referenced high-resolution camera and sensors to measure CO2 and methane concentration in water.
“We have taken over 40,000 digital photos, which have been compiled into a single high-resolution photo that covers an area of several sq.km. The resolution is so good that it is possible to zoom in on juvenile fish swarming right above the seabed. Such a photo mosaic makes it easy to detect unnatural structures and places with gas leaks from the seabed. We also com-pare photos from year to year, and can thus directly see whether anything has changed on the seabed, for example if fractures suddenly appear,” says Reigstad.
If the analyses reveal abnormalities in the water or seabed, the researchers send a remotely-operated tethered underwater vehicle, an ROV, which can collect samples of seabed sediments, water masses, bottom water and gas bubbles, and check the temperature, pH and other parameters directly in the seabed.
Chemical signalsIn order to be able to identify unnatural changes, there must be a benchmark for comparison. Defining such a baseline for the water column and the seabed is an ex-tensive and time-demanding operation, because many factors need to be taken into consideration when researchers define which environmental variations are normal and which are abnormal.
“Baseline studies involve both data gathering and understanding of the processes to monitor. This is a complex task, because there may be great seasonal variations and natural year-to-year changes, while at the same time changes due to daily events, like tides and water circulation, must be taken into consider-ation,” says Omar.
Natural CO2 variations in the North Sea are described in general in the literature, but frequent, area specific background measurements are also required for an ac-curate baseline. So far, researchers from GFI and UNI
Sleipner field: Every year since 1996, around one million tons of carbon dioxide have been captured from natural gas production at the Sleipner field in the North Sea, and stored in an aquifer more than 800 metres below the seabed.
The reservoir where the CO2 is stored is called the Utsira formation, and contains porous sandstone filled with saline water. About14 million tons of carbon dioxide are now stored in the Utsira forma-tion.
The reservoir is continuously monitored by means of various geophysical techniques, including seis-mic surveys, and it is developed extensive models for calculating how CO2 most probably will move in the reservoir. A seismic survey in 2010 showed that the storage goes as planned.
Source: Statoil
How are leaks from CO2 storage facilities detected, and how is life on the seabed affected in the event of a leak? This is what University of Bergen researchers Laila Johanne Reigstad, Centre for Geobiology, De-partment of Earth Science, and Abdirahman M. Omar at Uni Research AS (UNI) and the Geophysical Institute (GFI), are trying to solve with their work.
The research project primarily focuses on a large area around the Sleipner field, where both the seabed and the water column must be monitored in order to detect any leaks from the storage site.
40,000 photosThe researchers are using an autonomous underwater vehicle to screen large areas of the seabed by moving in a zigzag pattern over the seafloor. It carries a multi-tude of state-of-the-art equipment to the deep, includ-ing high-resolution sonar, multibeam echo sounder,
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Photo to the left shows the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV ) taking sediment samples of the seafloor. This is typical back-ground/baseline seafloor (brown, flat, without microbial mats). The “white dots” visible on the seabed are crushed seashells, remnants of the enormous shellfish banks that used to cover large seabed areas of the North Sea. Photo to the right shows the ROV taking sediment cores in areas with white microbial mats, a clear evidence of presence of liquids or gas bubbles rising from the seafloor. In this case, the pore water from deeper layers is pushed up to the surface.
have charted the background concentration of CO2 around the Sleipner storage reservoir for one season. New automatic sensors have also been tested that can be installed on rigs for extended periods of time (up to one year) to conduct high-frequency measurements of CO2 and pH every 15 minutes at different depths of the water column.
Active micro-organisms“We have begun to understand how to conduct base-line studies of the microbiology on the seabed. It is also easy to observe gas or water leaks from the deep up to the seabed because microbial mats appear to form on the seabed quickly,” says Reigstad.
The interdisciplinary research group at the Centre for Geobiology at the University of Bergen has conducted simulations where intact sediment cores from the Sleipner area were exposed to sea water that had been acidified by CO2.
Like to know more about the FME SUCCESS activities on this topic?Contact Abdir Omar at Uni Research AS, Bergen, [email protected] and/or Laila Johanne Reigstad at Centre for Geobiol-ogy, Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen,[email protected]
The results indicate that an acidified water layer on the seabed caused by a CO2 leak will change the life of at least 15 cm of the top layer, where most animals live.
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May fracture, but not leak
Magnus Wangen
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When large amounts of CO2 are injected into a reser-voir, the pressure will increase. The rock may begin to fracture if the pressure is great enough. The process is called hydraulic fracturing; a method that is used by the oil industry to increase the throughput in blocked reservoirs. In principle, hydraulic fracturing is also beneficial during CO2 injection because the fractures provide fast paths into the reservoir.
Hydraulic fracturing can also create problems. If the fractures become too large and run too high in the rock above the formation, the CO2 may begin to leak.
Absolutely necessaryIn order to store CO2 safely and effectively in perme-able formations, it is absolutely necessary to under-stand hydraulic fracturing. At present, simple models have been developed, but a definitive understanding of the process has yet to be achieved. One of the activi-ties of the SUCCESS project’s work package 6 – Inject is to create simulation models for hydraulic fracturing.
“We try to understand when rock fractures and how it fractures. Does it fracture in a way that is beneficial to CO2 storage, or does it fracture in a way that creates holes in the sealing roof and creates leak paths up to the surface? This fracture process has been poorly documented. We are trying to understand pressure responses and to say something more definitive about the process that takes place,” says researcher Magnus Wangen at the Institute for Energy Technology, who heads the work package.
Tests in SvalbardHere, the researchers have further developed a geomechanical simulator for hydraulic fracturing. Well tests have also been conducted in the Adventdalen valley in Svalbard, where there are plans for a site to store CO2 from the coal power plant. In collaboration with the University Centre in Svalbard, one is search-ing for a suitable formation at a depth of about 1,000 m, which could provide a good storage site.
Minerals can cause troubleWith large-scale CO2 injection, water must be pumped out of the reservoirs to make space for the gas. In this process, problems may arise that can disrupt the injectivity (or productivity) – the reservoir’s ability to receive the gas (or produce the water). “When pumping up water, the productivity may be ruined due to precipitation of minerals,” says Wangen.
The problems arise at the location where the water exits the reservoir. If the minerals plug the pore necks, and reduce or block the water flow that must be released, the water production will stop. Finding solu-tions to this problem is an important part of Inject’s research.
“How much can a CO2 reservoir handle before it begins to leak?”
INJECT- Subsurface storage of CO2 - Injection well management during the operational phase. The project addresses the effects of CO2 injection on rock properties, with a special focus on the injectivity. The injectivity is a measure of the “easi-ness” of injection. The reservoir injectivity is stud-ied with geochemical and geomechanical models. Rock samples from wells drilled at Svalbard are characterized and tested with respect to injectiv-ity. Results from the project will form the basis for development of software tools and for guidelines for CO2 injection.
The project is fully integrated in FME SUCCESS as the major part of Work Package 6. The project period is from 2010 – 2014 with a total budget of more than 21 MNOK. The research partners are IFE, NGI, UiO and UiB.
Source: Institute for Energy Technology
Like to know more about the FME SUCCESS activities on this topic?Contact Magnus Wangen at Institute for Energy Technology, [email protected]
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Monitoring CO2 in the subsurface
Martha Lien Marion Børresen
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An important challenge when injecting CO2 into the subsurface is to monitor how the CO2 plume moves within the formations.
As CO2 is usually stored at very great depths below the seabed, it is not possible to measure it directly. It is therefore necessary to adopt more indirect mea-surement methods in order to receive information on the development of the CO2 plume. Examples of such indirect measurement methods are use of seismic and electromagnetic (CSEM) surveys, where sound waves and electromagnetic signals that are reflected from the subsurface are collected. The bedrock conditions can be estimated using different methods to interpret these data.
“How does CO2 move in the subsurface, and how can it be measured accurately?”
The SUCCESS Centre currently works on developing methods for integrated interpretation of seismic and electromagnetic measurements.
Data from the North Sea and the Barents Sea“Seismic and CSEM data have been collected from both Sleipner in the North Sea and Snøhvit in the Bar-ents Sea. These are the two areas on the Norwegian continental shelf in which CO2 is injected for storage today,” says researcher Martha Lien of Uni Research. She is part of a research group in the SUCCESS Centres work package 4 that works with testing and development of models to identify and simulate CO2 flow in the bedrock. Other partners are Norwegian Geotechnical Institute , Christian Michelsen Research and the University of Bergen.
CO2 estimation results (Uni Research) from using only seismic data (left) and from integrated interpretation of seismic and CSEM data (right). The black curve refers to the true position of the CO2 plume.
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Different information sources have traditionally been interpreted separately, but as one data type is only sensitive to certain properties or combinations of properties in the reservoir, such interpretations will seldom be unique. Combining information about sever-al properties of the reservoir at the same time makes it possible to receive more accurate information about how the CO2 plume behaves in the bedrock. “How is this done specifically?”“There are several methods for integrating differ-ent data sets. At Uni Research we have developed a method for so-called structure-coupled joint inver-sion. Here the goal is to identify structures in the bedrock that shares sensitivity to the different data types. Such a structure may be the transition between the CO2-saturated and the water-filled parts of the reservoir.”
Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) surveying produces electromagnetic data which can assist traditional seismic data to improve the image of CO2 in a reservoir. Large antennas towed near the seabed emit electromagnetic energy which then propagates into the subsurface and is reflected back to receivers on the seabed. The magnitude and phase of the reflected signal depend on the electrical conductivity of the sub-surface. Higher resistance in the reservoir than the surrounding structures may correspond to where most of the injected CO2 is located. For example, when the background values for the conductiv-ity of the reservoir and surrounding structures are available, one can model the CSEM response without CO2 in the reservoir, and compare it to the acquired CSEM data to improve their interpreta-tion (i.e. inversion). This can be used to increase the accuracy of the estimates for CO2 concentrations and improve the models for the CO2 plume in the reservoir.
Source: Norwegian Geotechnical Institute
Like to know more about the FME SUCCESS activities on this topic?Contact Martha Lien at Uni Research, [email protected] and/or Marion Børresen at NGI, [email protected]
Securing greenhouse gases“What will the results of the work be used for in con-nection with CO2 storage?”“Better methods to monitor CO2 are important during both the injection phase and in the long-term to ensure that the gas is stored safely. During the injection phase, information on where the CO2 plume moves will be key to optimizing the injection strategy and planning the placement of potential injection wells. In the long-term, accurate and reliable information of the CO2 density in the different parts of the reservoir will be important in order to validate safe CO2 stor-age. This information will also be valuable in order to calibrate the models of the storage formation. Better models will yield better forecasts of how the CO2 plume will develop over time,” says Martha Lien.
Receiver being deployed
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In May 2012, the SUCCESS Centre distributed its first Newsletter. Our intention is to inform about the activi-ties in our project in a brief and easy-to-read way.
The newsletter has been welcomed and appreciated by partners in the centre and the expanded SUCCESS network.
Archive of the newsletters can be found at the website www.fme-success.no.
Subscribe to newsletter: contact Centre Coordinator Charlotte Krafft: [email protected] or send an email to [email protected]
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In 2012, new infrastructure has been tested and is now up and running, ready to produce results.
For example at NGI new geomechanical instruments arrived in the lab; a direct shear box and a carbon fiber triaxial cell to be used in the CT-scanner. The new instrumentation will increase our understanding of fractured rocks. We will learn more about the strength and stiffness of fractures, and how liquids such as water, CO2 or oil affect fractures.
The shear box enables testing of the shear strength of fractured rock in contact with fluids, which is relevant for CO2 storage and hydrocarbon production. The new carbon fiber triaxial cell makes possible real-time studies of fracture formation and fluid trans-port in the rock, along with resistivity and acoustic measurements. This is possible since the cell is made
of carbon fiber, which makes it penetrable by X-rays during the experiments. The instrumentation will be implemented in SUCCESS and will be customized for experiments with fractured rocks in contact with CO2 containing fluids.
FME SUCCESS and the University of Oslo (UiO) awarded money for the purchase of experimental equipment to measure flow velocity in rocks.
With this flow rig, a Core Lab AFS-200, reactor experi-ments can be done with the pressure and temperature conditions found in the subsurface where CO2 is to be stored. In addition, one can precisely measure mul-tiphase flow, i.e. flow where both gas and liquid are represented, as well as the pressure in the whole rock sample under test. This equipment extends the CO2 research laboratory at the University and gives us the
Eyvind Aker and Marion Børresen at NGI in front of the CT-scanner, in which the direct shear box and a carbon fiber triaxial cell, will be used. Photo to the left shows the carbon fiber triaxial cell. The new instrumentation will be implemented in SUCCESS and customized for experiments with fractured rocks in contact with CO2 containing fluids.
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opportunity to conduct research at a high international level. Preliminary testing shows that the device is able to reproduce data from other research, showing that the reactor system is reliable and ready to be used for research. Several improvements of existing methods and establishment of new methods to produce excellent and accurate results are important in the SUCCESS Centre. One example from 2012 is new methods which Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) has developed in conjunction with baseline data and compartmentaliza-tion.
Sr isotope data from residual salts in core mate-rial, used in conjunction with a new method for gas sampling from cores, are the cornerstones for a new concept for the characterization of reservoir and seal sediments in CO2 storage projects. The data are used to define which parts of the sediments that are in fluid communication, and which parts that are separated by tight barriers. In this way, the gas and water data constitute a very important baseline in advance of CO2 injection. The data set will be used to predict the mode of storage infilling, and will in addition be a very important reference system for the interpretation of
later monitoring data of various kinds. The workflow is now being tested on reservoir and seal sediments in Svalbard, in connection with the Longyearbyen CO2 Pilot Storage Project.
Flow rig (Core Lab AFS-200) and PhD student at NGI/UiO; Javad Naseryan Moghadam
Three of the containers developed by IFE to sample gas from core material. The geometry of the containers is adapted to the diametre of the core samples available.
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Meet Per Aagaard
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What is your scientific background, and what is your motivation?PhD University of California, Berkeley, 1979. Main fields of interest are geochemical interactions involving pore fluids, minerals and organic matter with special reference to petroleum geology, hydrogeology and environmental geology. The broad research field over my whole academic carriere has been low tem-perature geochemistry, focusing on reactions among solid phases and water.
My scientific contributions are within adsorption/ion-exchange, mineral dissolution kinetics and mineral stability as well as binding and degradation of organic contaminants in geo-systems. I have contributed to the understanding of mineral water reactions during burial diagenesis and compaction, specially by combin-ing chemical data on formation waters and studies on authigenic minerals.
Papers from the Norwegian offshore basins are now classics within diagenetic studies. From the early nine-ties, my research focus was shifted towards hydroge-ology and environmental aspects, especially on con-taminant fate and transport. Since 2003, I have worked with CO2 storage, with major emphasis on geochemical reactions, reservoir geology and multi-phase flow.
What issue within CO2 storage is addressed by your work?Geological CO2 storage requires a multi-displinary ap-proach, and it caught my interest rather early as I could combine my background in hydrogeology, diagenesis and shale/mudstone behavior. I started up by research on mineral trapping, with laboratory studies on the ki-netics of mineral dissolution carbonate mineral precip-
itation. This work has benefitted from being a partner in the EU-RTN Min-Gro network, which is dedicated to mineral nucleation and precipitation kinetics. Work on mineral trapping later formed the base of several new larger CO2 storage activities: seal interaction with CO2 (SSC-Ramore), geological consideration for potential CO2 storage systems (Skagerrak-Kattegat area), and now the national centre for CO2 storage (SUCCESS), where I am the scientific leader for the research insti-tutions in the Oslo area.
How do you think FME SUCCESS can contribute to the development of subsurface CO2 storage?Safe CO2 storage needs solid knowledge and under-standing of CO2 behavior in the subsurface. FME SUCCESS can provide sound advice to find and develop good CO2storage projects.
What are your plans for the future?I will retire in 2014; but besides being an emeritus, my first project is to hike Norway along the eastern bor-der from south to north. Follow me on Facebook!
Per Aagaard is currently working as Professor at Department of GeoSciences, University of Oslo.
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What is your scientific background, and what is your motivation?I have a Master of Geology from the University of Lund where my research was focused on subsidence in rift-zones with field-work onshore Iceland. For my doctoral thesis at Copenhagen University I studied large scale sedimentary patterns in reflection seismic data in order to better constrain the uplift history of the north Atlantic margins. This was followed by a post-graduate certificate in geological risk management and climate change at the University of Geneva, after which I ac-cepted a Postdoctoral position at UNIS and returned to geology, but now angled slightly toward implemen-tation towards global problems.
My motivation in applying for the research position I now hold, where I work with detailing the regional geological development of the succession of Triassic rocks in which we plan to store CO2 in Longyearbyen, comes from importance of the project itself.
The Longyearbyen CO2 Lab is a unique research site, and the project the first of its kind with a goal to cre-ate a green showcase community which deals with its emissions of CO2. Hopefully the project can inspire not only other similar projects but also a new way of thinking about handling CO2 emissions locally and each community taking responsibility.
What issue within CO2 storage is addressed by your work?My work relates to understanding the big picture of a specific storage site, in essence to further insight into where the sands and muds were sourced from, what happened to them after deposition, what changes they have been subjected to once deposited. When we know this we can better predict injection potential, storage capacity and migration after injection.
How do you think FME SUCCESS can contribute to the development of subsurface CO2 storage?FME SUCCESS contributes to the development of CO2 storage not only through its wide range of research areas, which can target the multiple complexities as-sociated with CO2 storage, and also link them together and collaborate between projects, but also focuses on education, outreach and dissemination of progress and new understanding. This is vital if CO2 storage is to become part of a solution towards lowering our CO2 emissions.
What are your plans for the future?I’ll let fate have a hand in exactly what happens, but certainly the route life is taking me on now is exciting. To work with geology, which I love, to work in research, which I find rewarding, and to work with CO2 storage, which I find meaningful, is a fantastic combination.
Ingrid Anell is currently holds a Postdoctoral posi-tion at the University Centre in Svalbard in Long-yearbyen.
Geologists look out on the sealing shales of the Aghardfjellet Fm halvway up Janusfjellet
Meet Ingrid Anell
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Meet Ingrid Anell
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Meet Maria Elenius
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What is your scientific background, and what is your motivation?I am an engineer/applied mathematician in the field of porous media flow. After finishing my Master’s degree in Environmental Engineering, with Master’s Thesis on multiphase flow in porous media, I was already aware of my great enthusiasm for this subject. I used that during 7 years of consulting in contaminated land and groundwater in the global consultancy company WSP. From March 2008, I returned to research driven by my academic curiosity. In 2011, I obtained the degree of PhD at the University of Bergen/Department of Mathematics. I currently work as a Senior Researcher at Uni Research/CIPR.
What issue within CO2 storage is addressed by your work?My special interest is on miscible displacement trans-port, including instability, and on multiphase flow, with applications to environmental science. My focus in the SUCCESS Centre is on the dissolution of CO2 into the formation brine. This is an important mechanism for safe storage and it is largely determined by convective mixing, where CO2 is redistributed in the water column in the shape of fingers.
How do you think FME SUCCESS can contribute to the development of subsurface CO2 storage?FME SUCCESS is Norway’s largest center regarding storage of CO2. With the large number of qualified and motivated participants that meet regularly to exchange ideas, this center contributes greatly to the understanding of critical elements for storage.
What are your plans for the future?I am fascinated by the in-depth understanding of small-scale processes and their relation to solutions of environmental problems. At the end of March, I will move to Boston where I will work as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Tufts University. I will work on reac-tive transport in porous media flow, related to remedi-ation of contaminated land, and though my part will be on modeling, I will work closely with experimentalists. I see this as a great step in my further development.
Maria Elenius has recently left her research position at Uni Research in Bergen, for a new Postdoctoral position in Boston, USA.
Figure: Simulated concentration of CO2 in brine in the Utsira (left) and Krechba (right) formations. Red color represents con-centration at the solubility limit and the top region has dissolution to the brine from a CO2 plume. The more pronounced finger propagation in the Utsira formation is due to enhanced interaction with the top region, the capillary transition zone, in this formation.
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Meet Bahman Bohloli
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What is your scientific background?Engineering Geology with focus on reservoir geo-mechanics. Have a PhD from Chalmers University, Göteborg in Engineering Geology, a Postdoc from Delft University in the Netherlands on hydraulic frac-turing, faculty member of University of Tehran Iran for 7 years, then research work at University of Alberta, Canada before joining Norwegian Geotechnical Insti-tute in summer 2011.
Why have you selected this topic, what is your moti-vation?To understand mechanics behind geological systems for effective utilization of underground resources. No matter if it is oil and gas production, groundwater extraction or CO2 storage, the mechanics is the same.
What issue within CO2 storage is addressed by your work?Maximum allowable injection pressure for safe CO2 storage. Currently, I am working on assessment of safe injection pressure. We use well logs, well tests, laboratory tests, geological data and modeling tools to determine fracture pressure which should not be exceeded throughout injection operation.
How do you think FME SUCCESS can contribute to the development of subsurface CO2 storage?FME SUCCESS addresses several key subjects required for secure and economic CO2 injection as well as safe long term storage. Many of these elements are in the research front worldwide. Through educat-ing people, solving scientific challenges, creating new knowledge and initiating professional networks, SUCCESS has been an important forum for developing underground CO2 storage. What are your plans for the future?My intention is to focus on effective geomechanical characterization of reservoir systems for both CO2 storage and hydrocarbon production purposes. This involves challenges in testing methods, field data interpretation and monitoring techniques.
Bahman Bohloli is currently working as a senior scientist at Norwegian Geotechnical Institute in Oslo.
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In 2012, the total number of Master students, PhDs and Post docs in the SUCCESS Centre portfolio was 42, and the count of publications and reports reached a total of 119 since 2010.
The collaborative project KMB RAMORE was com-pleted and an end of project seminar was arranged at the University of Oslo. The annual Winter and Fall Scientific seminars were successfully executed, with an increase in attendance from research and industry partners, observers and members of the Scientific Advisory Committee.
The collaboration with the University Centre in Sval-bard (UNIS), which is heading the Longyearbyen CO2 Laboratory JIP, has been strengthened and it is ex-pected that a collaboration agreement will be signed off during spring 2013. GASSNOVA was invited to the Centre in November and has accepted the offer to join the Executive Board with observer status. This will add competence to the SUCCESS Centre and increase communication with national authorities.
Ability to manage change will be important going forward. Unfortunately, Store Norske decided to with-draw from the centre from 2013, whereas, fortunately, Lundin came in as a new partner. The current funding
situation is good, with a surplus industry funding in the centre. So far the Centre has experienced several changes in the industry partnership, emphasizing the need for continued focus on attracting new industry partners. From the board’s perspective, ensuring sci-entific scope and production is critical to stay relevant and attractive.
The various work groups are delivering good scientific results and the scientific output is expected to in-crease. Although centre activities are running smooth-ly, however, the centre is continuously looking for improvements. It is important that the centre is able to link and communicate scientific tasks and results. This will raise the relevance of the centre, internally between research groups and industry partners, as well as with external stakeholders and the public.
Kåre Vagle, ConocoPhillipsChairman of SUCCESS Centre’s Executive Board
“2012 is best characterized as a year of operation for the SUCCESS Centre, with all planned research programs running with full strength and all PhD positions filled.”
Chairman speaking
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Chairman speaking
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SUCCESS Board membersArne Rokkan, CGG VeritasKåre Vagle, Conoco Phillips (Chair)Bjørg Andresen, Institute for Energy TechnologyEyvind Aker, Norwegian Geotechnical InstituteAnne Skjærstein, RWE DeaSveinung Hagen, Statoil PetroleumMalte Jochmann, Store Norske KulkompaniArne Skauge, Uni CIPRHelge Dahle, University of Bergen
Aage Stangeland, Research Council of Norway(observer)Niels Peter Christensen ,Gassnova(observer from 2012)Arvid Nøttvedt, Christian Michelsen Research(Centre Manager)
First meeting of the SUCCESS Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) in Bergen, both SAC and Work Package Management Team. From left: Ivar Aavatsmark ( Scientific- and WP2 leader), Nick Riley (SAC), Claus Otto (SAC), Magnus Wangen (WP6 leader), Dag Nummedal (SAC), Therese K.F. Loe (WP7 leader), Abdirahman Omar (WP5 co-leader), Marion Børresen (WP4 leader), Truls Johannessen (WP5 leader), Bjørn Kvamme (Institute of Physiscs and Technology) and Gudmund Dalsbø (CO2 Proj-ect Coordinator at UiO). In front from left: Charlotte Gannefors Krafft (Centre Coordinator), Astri Kvassnes (NIVA), Per Aagaard (Scientific leader) and Helge Hellevang (WP1 leader).
SUCCESS Scientific Advisory CommitteeStefan Bachu, Alberta Research Council.Dag Nummedal, Colorado School of MinesClaus Otto, ShellNick Riley, British Geological Survey
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SUCCESS Centre Accounts 2012 (all numbers in kNOK)Funding excl INJECT TotalPublic funding 8 393 8 837Industry funding 5 080 5 918 Research Council of Norway 11 750 14 546TOTAL 25 223 29 301
Centre Costs 2012 (all numbers in kNOK)Work package excl INJECT TotalWP 1 - Storage - Geo-characterization and geochemical/ geomechanical response 3 210 3 210WP 2 - Fluid flow and reservoir modeling. Unstable displacement 2 711 2 711WP 3 - Sealing properties 1 867 1 867WP 4 - Monitoring of reservoir and overburden 2 782 2 782WP 5 - The marine component 3 559 3 559WP 6 - Operations 4 103 7 980WP 7 - CO2 school 362 362Industry Centre contribution, in kind 1 654 1 654Centre management, seminars, equipment and running costs 4 975 5 176TOTAL 25 223 29 301
Status human resources 2012Research Scientists: 40Guest Research Scientists: 2PhD students funded by the Centre and associated projects: 20Post doctorates funded by the Centre and associated projects: 8Master students: 14
SUCCESS Centre results 2012 (incl INJECT)Journal papers: 22Conference proceedings and abstracts: 19Presentation at conferences, workshops and seminars: 76Technical reports: 7Book contributions: 1In media and popular science: 23Seminars and workshops: 4
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PhD students in the Centre PortfolioName Affiliation and funding Period TopicElin Skurtveit IMPACT 2011-2014 Geological heterogeneities on CO2
storage in sandstone reservoirsTore Ingvald Bjørnarå NGI/Univ of Durham/
INJECT2011-2014 Coupled fluid flow and geomechani-
cal modeling Hilde Kristine Hvidevold UiB/SUCCESS 2010-2013 Parameter estimation in models tai-
lored to simulate CO2 seeps to marine waters
Karin Landschulze UiB/SUCCESS 2010-2014 Modeling of CO2 leakageTrine Mykkeltvedt UiB/SUCCESS 2010-2013 Homogenization of vertically aver-
aged modelsElsa du Plessis UiB/VAMP 2010-2013 Mathemical modeling of flow with
hysteresisBjørnar Jensen UIB/INJECT 2011-2014 Molecular simulation studies of reac-
tions between minerals and CO2 John Clark UiB/NERC 2011-2013 Sand injection at UtsiraErlend Morisbak Jarsve UiO 2009-2013 Oligocene succession in the North
Sea areaMohsen Kalani UiO 2010-2013 Screening potential for CO2 storageOluwakemi Ogebule UiO/CO2 Seal 2010-2014 CO2 Seal, WP 3,6 in SUCCESSAnja Sundal UiO/SUCCESS 2010-2014 Screening potential for CO2 storageJavad Naseryan Moghadam
UiO/SUCCESS 2011-2015 Effects of Injected CO2
Helle Botnen UiB/Math 2011-2014 CO2 leakageKim Senger UNIS/Outcrop/SUCCESS 2010-2013 The impact of geological heterogene-
ity on CO2 sequestrationKhuram Baig UiB/INJECT 2012-2013 Kinetics of hydrate formation during
CO2 storageIrfan Baig UiO 2011-2014 Potential Triassic and Jurassic CO2
storage reservoirs in the Skagerrak-Kattegat
Reza Alikarimi UiO/IMPACT 2012-2015 Impact of faults on the mechanical and petrophysical properties of sand-stone reservoirs
Rohaldini Miri UiO/INJECT 2012-2015 Geologic CO2 storage - Understand-ing of uncertainties in modeling of injectivity
Sara Sjøblom UiB/INJECT 2012-2014 Hydrates
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Master students Centre Portfolio Name Granting institution TopicMalene Halkjelsvik UiB Leaky faults in the Barents SeaRemi Ersland UiB Leaky faults at HaltenbankenLillian Watsend UiB Fluid flow conduits at the Utsira formationPaul Odeh UiB Mathematical modeling of thermal interac-
tion between CO2 and brine-filled formation at Utsira
Saideh Shekari UiB Petrophysical properties of deformed sand-stone reservoirs
Are Gabriel Høyland UiB New techniques in the flow simulator MRSTSilje Reistad UiB Compressibility in vertically averaged modelsSvenn Tveit UiB Mathematical modeling of flow through discon-
tinuous mediaCamilla Bø UiB/CGB Impacts of CO2 exposure on microbial com-
munities in deep-sea sediments, Experiments benthic chamber, marine monitoring
Abednego Tetteh UiO Experimental Precipitation of Carbonate Minerals: Effect of pH, Supersaturation and Substrate.
Lidia Georgescu UiB Seismic chimney detection in the Barents SeaMaiken Haugvaldstad UiB Sand geometries in the Utsira FormationZhu Sha UiB Mathematical modeling of CO2 flowYuefeng Gao UiO/NGI Rock physics diagnostics for quantitative seis-
mic interpretation
Postdoctoral reseachers in the Centre PortfolioName FundingBahman Bohloli (parts of 2012) NGIJung Chan Choi NGIIngrid Anell SUCCESS/UNISCaroline Sassier UiOManzar Fawad UiOMatthieu Angeli UiOTherese K. F. Loe UiO/SUCCESSKei Ogata UNIS/Outcrop
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Key researchersResearcher Institution/affiliation Main research area emailKjetil K.M. Hals CMR Energy Hydraulic fracturing [email protected] Kocbach CMR Instrumentation Electromagnetic measure-
ment [email protected]
Tor Langeland CMR Computing Visualization and compu-tional science
Kirsti Midttømme CMR Energy Geology, geothermal energy
Arvid Nøttvedt CMR Geology, Centre Manager [email protected]ørg Andresen IFE mainly administrative [email protected] Johansen IFE Geokjemi, petrografi [email protected] Iden IFE Sample characterisation,
light microscopy, X-ray, electron microscopy
Magnus Wangen IFE Numerical modeling of flow, hydraulic fracturing
Nina Simon IFE Numerical modeling of flow
Øyvind Brandvoll IFE High pressure multiphase systems design
Anne Gunn Rike NGI Geo-microbiology [email protected] Bohloli NGI Geomechanics [email protected] Aker NGI Rock physics and micro
Inge Viken NGI EM modelling and inver-sion
Lars Grande NGI Geomechanics [email protected] Soldal NGI Rock mechanical testing [email protected] Børresen NGI Geomechanics, geochem-
Tore Bjørnarå NGI Coupled flow and geome-chanical reservoir simula-tions and EM modelling
Øistein Johnsen NGI Rock mechanical testing/X-ray CT image processing
Andrew Sweetman NIVA Marine biology - soft bot-tom ecosystem function-ing
Astri Kvasness Sweetman NIVA Marine Geology astri.kvassnes@nivaDominique Durand NIVA Coupled physical-bio-
chemical marine [email protected]
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Malte Jochmann SNSK Geologist at Store Norske, Longyearbyen CO2 pilot
Christian Hermanrud UiB/Statoil Geology, reservoir [email protected]
Truls Johannessen UiB/BCCR Marine carbon cycle, moni-toring
Guttorm Alendal UiB/BCCS Monitoring, Modelling [email protected]
Laila Reigstad UiB/CGB Geomicrobiology [email protected] Pedersen UiB/CGB Leader of CGB; geology,
geophysics, cruise [email protected]
Bjørn Kvamme UiB/IFT Petroleums- og pros-essteknologi
Helge Hellevang UiO Gas-water-rock interac-tions
Per Aagaard UiO Geochemistry [email protected] Lien Uni CIPR EM (+seismic) inversion [email protected] Gasda UNI CIPR Computational model-
ing of multiphase flow problems
Maria Elenius Uni CIPR Reservoarsimulation [email protected] Mannseth Uni CIPR/UiB EM (+seismic) modelling
Ivar Aavatsmark UNI Research AS Reservoarsimulation [email protected] M. Omar UniBCCR Marine carbon cycle, moni-
Alvar Braathen UNIS Structure geology [email protected] Olaussen UNIS Arctic Petroleum Geology [email protected]
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Journal publications Alemu, B.L., Aker, E., Soldal, M., Johnsen, O., and Aagaard, P. (2012). Effect of sub-core scale hetero-geneities on acoustic and electrical properties of a reservoir rock: A CO2 flooding experiment of brine saturated sandstone in a computed tomography scan-ner. Geophys. Prosp.
Chejara, A., Kvamme, B.,Vafaei, M. T., Jemai, K. (2012). Theoretical studies of Methane Hydrate Dissociation in porous media using RetrasoCodeBright simulator, 2012, Energy Procedia, Energy Procedia, Volume 18, issue, p. 1533-1540.
Gasda, S.E., H.M. Nilsen, H.K. Dahle and W.G. Gray (2012). Effective models for CO2 migration in geologi-cal systems with varying topography, Water Resources Research,
Gasda, S.E., J.M. Nordbotten and M.A. Celia (2012). Application of simplified models to CO2 migration and immobilization in large-scale geological systems, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 9: 72-84.
Gasda, S.E., E. du Plessis, and H. K. Dahle (2012). Up-scaled models for modeling CO2 injection and migra-tion in geological systems, Radon Series on Computa-tional and Applied Mathematics:Simulation of Flow in Porous Media, De Gruyter, Berlin, Germany.
Herrera, P.A., S.E. Gasda, H.K. Dahle, W.G. Gray (2012). Modeling CO2 migration in aquifers with variable thick-ness using the vertical equilibrium approximation, International Journal of Numerical Analysis & Model-ing,2012, 9(3): 745-776.
Hvidevold H.K., Alendal G., Johannessen T., and Manns-eth T. (2012). Assessing model parameter uncertainties for rising velocity of CO2 droplets through experimen-tal design, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 11, 2012, 283–289
Håvelsrud O.E., Haverkamp T.H.A., Kristensen T., Jacobsen, K.S., Rike A.G. (2012). Metagenomic and geo-chemical characterization of pockmarked sediments overlaying the Troll petroleum reservoir in the North Sea.BMC Microbiology 2012, 12:203.
Ji, X. and Zhu C. A (2012). SAFT Equation of State for the Quaternary H2S-CO2-H2O-NaCl system. Geochi-mica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012, 91, 40-59.
Ji, X. and Zhu C. (2012). Predicting possible effects of H2S impurity on CO2 transportation and geological storage. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es301292n
Kvamme, B., Kuznetsova T., Kivelæ P-H (2012). Adsorp-tion of water and carbon dioxide on Hematite and consequences for possible hydrate formation, PCCP, Apr 2012, 7;14(13):4410-24
Liu, F., Lu, P., Griffith, C., Hedges, S.W., Soong, Y, Hel-levang, H., Zhu, C. (2012). CO2-brine-caprock interac-tion: Reactivity experiments on Eau Claire shale and a review of relevant literature. 2012, IJGGC 7, 153-167.
Nordbotten, J.M. Flemisch B., Gasda S.E., Nilsen H.M., Fan Y., Pickup, G.E. Wiese B.,.Celia M.A, Dahle H.KEigestad., G.T., Pruess K. (2012). Uncertainties in simulation of CO2 storage, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2012, 9:234-242, 2012.
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Ogata, K., Senger, K., Braathen, A., Tveranger, J. and Olaussen, S. (2012). The importance of natural frac-tures in a tight reservoir for potential CO2 storage: case study of the upper Triassic to middle Jurassic Kapp Toscana Group (Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway) - Advances in the Study of Fractured Reservoirs, Geo-logical Society of London Special Publication, 2012,. Doi: 10.1144/SP374.9.
Pham, V.T.H., Lu, P., Aagaard, P., Zhu, C., Hellevang, H. (2012). On the potential of CO2-water-rock interactions for CO2 storage: A modified kinetics model. Interna-tional Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2012, 5 (4), 1002-1015.
Pham, V.T.H., Aagaard, P., Hellevang, H. (2012). On the potential for CO2 mineral storage in continental flood basalts – PHREEQC batch- and 1D diffusion-reaction simulations. Geochem. Trans,2012,. 13, 12pp.
Pham, V.T.H., Aagaard, P., Hellevang, H. (2012). In press. On the potential for CO2 storage in continental flood basalts. Geochemical Transactions,2012.
Tveit, Svenn and Aavatsmark, Ivar (2012). Errors in the upstream mobility scheme for countercurrent two-phase flow in heterogeneous media, Computational Geosciences, 16:809-825, 2012.
Vafaei, M.T., Kvamme, B., Chejara, A., Jemai, K. (2012). Non-equilibrium modeling of hydrate dynamics in reservoir, Energy & Fuels, 2012,26 (6), pp 3564–3576
Van Cuong, P., Kvamme, B. Kuznetsova, T., Jensen, B. (2012). Molecular dynamics study of calcite and temperature effect on CO2 transport and adsorption
stability in geological formations, Molecular Physics, 2012, Volume 110, Issue 11-12, 1097-1106
Van Cuong, P.., Kvamme B., Kuznetsova T., Jensen B. (2012). The Impact of Short-Range Force Field Param-eters and Temperature Effect On Selective Adsorption of Water and CO2 On Calcite, International Journal of Energy and Environment, 2012, Volume 6, 301-309
Wangen, M. (2012). Stability and width of reaction fronts in 3-D porous media, Journal of Porous Media, 15 (2012): 1093-1103.
Conference abstracts and proceedingsBaig, I., Aagaard, P., Sassier, C., et al. (2012). Potential Triassic and Jurassic CO2 storage reservoirs in the Skagerrak-Kattegat area. GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 18-22.
Bergmo, P.E.S., Polak, S., Aagaard, P., et al. (2012). Evaluation of CO2 storage potential in Skagerrak. GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 18-22.
Bohloli B., Grande L., Aker E. and Skurtveit E. (2012). Impact of tensile strength anisotropy on fracturing pressure of Svalbard sandstone and shale cap rocks. Submitted to the EAGE 3rd International Conference on Fault and Top Seals - From Characterization to Modelling, Montpellier, France.
Elenius, M.T., and Gasda, S.E. (2012). Impact of tight horizontal layers on dissolutiontrapping in geological carbon storage, Proceedings of XIX International Con-ference on Computational Methods in Water Resourc-es, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Illinois, USA.
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Elenius, M.T., Nordbotten, J.M. & Kalisch, H., (2012). Efficiency of dissolution trapping ingeological carbon storage, in Proceedings of 13th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery(ECMOR XIII).
Gasda, S.E., H.M. Nilsen, H.K. Dahle and W.G. Gray (2012). Effective models for CO2 migration in geologi-cal systems with varying topography, in Proceedings of XIX International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Illinois, USA.
Gasda, S.E., H.M. Nilsen, and H.K. Dahle (2012). Up-scaled models for CO2 migration in Geological forma-tions with structural heterogeneity, in Proceedings of ECMOR XIII, Biarritz,France.
Gasda, S.E., M.A. Celia, J. Wang, and A. Duguid, (2012). Effective wellbore permeability estimates from verti-cal interference testing of existing wells, in Proceed-ings of the 11th Int. Conf. on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-11), Kyoto, Japan, 19-22 Nov, 2012.
Haugen, H.A., Aagaard, P., et al. (2012). Infrastructure for CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region, Southern Scandinavia: A feasibility study. GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 18-22.
Hellevang, H., Liu, Y., Lu, P., Zhu, C. and Aagaard, P. (2012). On uncertainties in modeling CO2-brine-caprock interactions. GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 18-22.
Håvelsrud O.E., Haverkamp T.H.A., Kristensen T., Jacob-sen, K.S., Rike A.G. (2012). Metagenomics in CO2 moni-toring. GHGT-11, 18-22 November 2012, Kyoto, Japan.Ji, X. and Zhu, C. 2012. A SAFT Equation of State for the H2S-CO2-H2O-NaCl system and applications for CO2-H2S transportation and geological storage. GHGT-11, Kyoto, JP. Nov. 18-22
Johnsen Ø., Alemu B., Aker E., Soldal M. (2012). Rock Physical Properties and CT Imaging of CO2-brine Displacement in Reservoir Sandstone. 74th EAGE Conference & Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mykkeltvedt, T.S., Aavatsmark I. and Tveit, S. (2012). Errors in the upstream mobility scheme for counter-current two-phase flow with discontinuous permeabil-ities, in Proceedings of ECMOR XIII, Biarritz, France.
Park J., Fawad M., Viken I., Aker E. and Bjørnarå T.I. (2012). CSEM sensitivity study for Sleipner CO2-injec-tion reservoir monitoring, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan
Sundal, A., Nystuen, J.P., Dypvik, H., Miri, R. and Aagaard, P. (2012). Effects of geological heterogene-ity on CO2 distribution and migration – A case study from the Johansen Formation, Norway. GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 18-22.
Sævik, P., Berre, I., Jakobsen, M., and Lien, M. (2012). Electrical conductivity of fractured media: A com-
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putational study of the self-consistent method. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012, p. 1-5. SEG 82nd annual meeting. 4-9 November 2012, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Reports
Vafaei, M. T., Kvamme, B., Chejara, A., Jemai, K. (2012). Simulation of Hydrate Dynamics in Reservoirs, Proceedings of the International Petroleum Technol-ogy Conference, 7-9 February Bangkok, Thailand, DOI: 10.2523/14609-MS
Wangen, M. and N. Simon, N. (2012).Modelling hydrau-lic-fracturing in 2D, AAPG HEDBERG CONFERENCE, Petroleum Systems: Modelling the Past, Planning the Future 1-5 October 2012, Nice, France
Reports Bjørnarå, T.I. and Aker E. (2012). COMSOL model verti-cally averaged models. NGI report no. 20081351-00-28-R.
Bohloli B. and Børresen M. (2012). Interpretation of CO2 injection data from the Snøhvit storage site. NGI report no. 20120265-01-R.
Fawad M. and Johnsen Ø. (2012). Literature review on resistivity measurements in CO2 saturation experi-ments. NGI report no. 20110786-00-2-R.
Grande l., Bohloli B., Cuisiat F. (2012). Geomechanical characterization of the cap rock shale in the LYB CO2
pilot – Based on core and log data in DH1, DH2 and DH4 Wells. NGI Report no. 20081352-00-25-R.
Hals K. M. D. (2012). Modeling of Caprock Fracturing Caused by Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Injection
Hellevang, H. (2012). An isothermal flash algorithm for hydrocarbon and CO2 + N2 mixtures (non-polar non-associating compounds).
Kocbach J and Folgero, K. (2012). Uncertainty analy-sis for CSEM instrumentation related to detection of CO2 in the subsurface. SUCCESS Report number SUCCESS-RR-C-12-WP4-CMR
BookAker E., Skurtveit E., Grande L., Cuisiat F., Johnsen Ø., Soldal M., Bohloli B. (2012). Experimental methods for characterization of cap rock properties for CO2 storage. In: Laloui L. and Ferrari A. (Eds.) (2012). Multi-physical testing of soils and shales. SSGG, p. 303-308.
Photos and illustrationsMarit HommedalUniversity of OsloIngrid Anell, UNIS CO2 LabAlvar Braathen, UNIS CO2 LabPer Gunnar Lunde, Christian Michelsen Research ASLaila Johanne Reigstad, Centre for GeoBiology, University of BergenUni Research Geir Mogen / EMGSRonny Setsås, Geoforskning.noHarald Johansen, Institute for Energy TechnologyMaria Elenius, Uni Research ASCharlotte Gannefors Krafft, Christian Michelsen Research AS Idea, layout/designGunn Janne Myrseth and Per Gunnar Lunde, CMR
EditorCharlotte Gannefors Krafft
Contact infoArvid Nøttvedt, Centre ManagerPer Aagaard , Scientific leaderIvar Aavatsmark, Scientific leaderCharlotte Gannefors Krafft, Centre Coordinator
Postal AddressCEER-SUCCESSChristian Michelsen Research ASP.O. Box 6031NO-5892 Bergen, Norway
Visiting AddressChristian Michelsen Research ASFantoftvegen 38Bergen, Norway
[email protected]@cmr.no
www.fme-success.no