substation presentation v2
TRANSCRIPT
11/22/2010
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High Voltage Substation
Copyright by:
AREVA Energietechnik GmbHDr. Uwe KaltenbronBerlin, Germany
Prof.Dr.-Ing. Armin SchnettlerRWTH Aachen University
Modification and Presentation by
Asst. Prof. Dr. Teratam BunyagulKMUTNB
Air Insulated Substation
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AIS
Introduction
Substation: nodal points in power system
Internationally standardized voltage level:
66 kV, 110 kV, 132 kV, 150 kV, 220 kV, 380 kV
500 kV*, 800 kV*
* For very long transmission distances
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Introduction
Introduction
Tasks of substation:
Distribution power towards load circuit
Separation of different network groups
(reduction of short circuit power)
Coupling of different voltage level via power transformers
Measuring, signaling and monitoring of network data
(e.g. U, I, P, Q, f)
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Substation designConventional substations (AIS): Construction according to standardized minimal distances (clearance)
between phase and earth
Normally used for outdoor substations, just in very few cases used for indoor substations
Base on single power system equipments
Replacement of single equipment by equipments from other manufacturers is possible.
GIS : replacement bay-by-bay; even this is difficult
Simply to expand (in case that space is not an issue)
Excellent overview, simple handling and easy access
Minimum clearance in air according to IEC 61936-1
Nominal voltage of
system
Highestvoltage for equipment
Rated short- duration power frequency withstand voltage
Rated lightning impulse withstand
voltage
Minimum phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase
clearance (N)
Un
r.m.s.Um
r.m.s.r.m.s. 1.2/50 s
(peak value)
kV kV kV kV mm
110 123 185
230
450
550
900
1100
220 245 275
325
360
395
460
650
750
850
950
1050
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
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Minimum clearance in air according to IEC 61936-1
Nominal voltage
of system
Highestvoltage
for equipment
Rated shortduration power
frequency withstand
voltage
Ratedswitching impulse
withstand voltage
Minimum phase-to-earth clearance
Ratedswitching impulse
withstand voltage
Minimum phase-to-phase clearance
Un
r.m.s.Um
r.m.s.1.2/50 s
(peak value)Phase-to-
earth 250/2500 s (peak
value)
ConductorTo
structure
RodTo
structure
Phase-to-phase
250/2500 s (peakvalue)
ConductorTo
Conductor parallel
RodTo
Conductor
kV kV kV kV mm kV mm
380 420 1050/1175 850 19002200
2400 1360 2900 3400
1175/1300 950 22002400
2900 1425 3100 3600
1300/1425 1050 2600 3400 1575 3600 4200
Planning of substationsBasis requirements for new substations: Optimal location of substations within power system (load flow, short-
circuit, customer requirements, long term planning, land space)
Selection of substation design
Calculation of short-circuit currents and long term development (ratings)
Selection of power system requirements
Adaption of design according to available space, fixing of busbar configuration (e.g. using wire conductor or tubular conductor)
Detailed planning of
Primary and secondary equipment
Auxiliary equipment
Basement, steel structure
Building, earthing system
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Planning of substatation
Important standards for power system installations:
IEC 61936-1 Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.- Part 1: Common rules
Substation configurations
Design planning of a substation normally starts with the development of the electrical single line diagram:
Single line diagram:
Number of busbars and substation bays including the relevant equipment
Selection of substation layout depends on
Its importance within the power system (power system reliability in case of failures and maintenance activities)
Power system operation
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Substation configurationSingle busbar configuration
Substation configuration
Double busbars configuration
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Substation configuration
Double busbars configuration with U-from
Substation configurationTriple busbars configuration
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Substation configurationDouble busbars configuration with bypass bus
Substation configurationDouble busbars configuration with bypass disconnector
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Substation configuration
1 1/2 – breaker configuration
Substation configuration
Ring busbar configuration
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Substation configuration
H - configuration
Substation configurationBusbar coupling/sectionalizing
Busbar coupling Busbar sectionalizing and coupling
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Switchyard layouts
Named based on the switchyard configuration and the location of the
busbar disconnectors
Criteria to choose the switchyard layout are:
Available land
Requirements by power system operator
Economical requirement
Based on voltage level, main purpose (e.g. main transformer station,
load-centre substation) different switchyard layouts have shown
technical and economical advantages.
Classical layout115-kV-outdoor AIS bay
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Classical layout Centre-break disconnector or vertical-break disconnector
are arranged side by side in line with the feeder below the busbars
Application up to 220 kV Today, not so often used
Advantages: Narrow spacing between bays Excellent ways for maintenance of busbars and busbar
disconnectors
Disadvantages: Higher costs for portal structures and for means for means
of tensioning the wires At least one busbar are spanned by connecting wires
115-kV-outdoor AIS bay
In-line layout
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In-line layout
Poles of busbar Centre-break disconnectors stand in line with the busbars
Application up to 132 kV
Advantages: Lower costs for steel structures are means of tensioning the wires
(in case of tubular portals are needed only for the outgoing overhead lines)
Busbars not spanned by connecting wires
Disadvantages: Wide spacing of bays Maintenance at busbars more difficult longer planned outage times In case of short circuit higher loading of post insulators
Transverse layout115-kV-outdoor AIS bay
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Transverse layout
Busbar disconnectors are in a row at right angles to the busbar Busbar can be of wire or tube (busbar can be directly installed on
busbar disconnectors) Application up to 245 kV
Advantages: Narrow spacing between bays(width) Excellent access to busbars
Disadvantages: Wide spacing of substation (depth) All busbars are spanned by connecting wires
110-kV-outdoor AIS bay, busbar above
Diagonal layout
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Pantograph disconnector
110-kV-outdoor AIS bay, busbar below
Diagonal layout
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Diagonal layout
Single column disconnectors as busbar disconnector are
arranged diagonally with reference to the basbars
Busbar arrange below (buabars are mounted on the
disconnectors) or above the busbar disconnector
Busbar can be of wire or tube
Reduced land usage
Application especially for 220 kV and 380 kV (land usage)
Diagonal layout
Busbar above:
Busbar portals with relatively big hight; dimensioned for high mechanical forces
More difficult access to busbar
Excellent maintenance access to busbar disconnectors
Busbar below:
Busbar mounted directly on disconnector → reduced means for portals
Excellent access to busbars
Maintenance on disconnectors require de-energzing of complete busbar
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Busbars
All layouts can be installed with either wire or tube busbars:
Wire busbar:
Today mainly Al/St- oder Aldrey (AlMgSi)-wires
Span width up to 50 m
For high current ratings up to four conductors required (per phase)
Conductors mounted using tension insulators (porcelain, cap-and–pin insulator)
In order to protect insulator against flashovers use of arcing horns common
In case of short circuit currents additional mechanical stresses will appear. Double pole short-circuit currents critical due to maximum deflection (approximation) after fault clearance.
Busbars
Tubular busbars (preferred for new substation):
AIMgSi-tube (outer diameter 50-300 mm, thickness 4-12 mm) Advantageous for high current ratings Due to lower mechanical forces (spanning forces) reduced means
for steel and fundaments Additional means for post insulators and mounting material Spanning distance exceeding 20 m Use of welded tubes up to lengths of 140 m Higher wind load forces, damping of oscillations using inserted
wires In short circuit cases additional bending moments. Resonant
frequencies of busbar in the range of power frequency or double power frequenices have to be avoided.
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