subject code : 12 ccs-11 ia marks : 50 no. of lecture hrs ...vtu.ac.in/pdf/pg2012/ccssyll.pdf ·...

1

I SEMESTER MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

Subject Code : 12 CCS-11 IA Marks : 50 No. of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam Hrs : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hrs : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Introduction: Definition of stress and strain at a point, components of stress

and strain at a point, strain displacement relations in cartesian co-ordinates,

constitutive relations, equilibrium equations, compatibility equations and boundary

conditions in 2-D and 3-D cases, plane stress, plane strain – Definition.

Two-dimensional problems in Rectangular Coordinates : Airy’s stress

function approach to 2-D problems of elasticity. Solution by Polynominals – End

Effects, Saint – Venant’s Principle – solution of some simple beam problems,

including working out of displacement components.

Two - dimensional problems in Polar coordinates: General equation in Polar

coordinates – Strain and displacement relations, equilibrium equations - Stress

distribution symmetrical about an axis – Pure bending of curved bars –

Displacements for symmetrical stress distributions – Rotating disks – Bending of a

curved bar by a force at the end – The effect of a small circular hole on stress

distribution in a large plate subjected to uni-axial tension and pure shear. Other

instances of stress concentration.

Analysis of Stress and Strain in Three Dimensions : Introduction – Principal

stresses –Determination of the principal stresses and principal planes.– Stress

invariants – Determination of the maximum shearing stress- Octohedral stress

components, Principal strains – strain invariants.

Torsion : Torsion of straight bars of Elliptic Cross section – St.Venants semi inverse

method and Prandtl’s function Approachd – Membrane analogy – Torsion of a bar of

narrow rectangular cross section Torsion of thin walled open cross sections – Torsion

of thin walled tubes.

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REFERENCES:

1. Timoshenko and Goodier, Theory of elasticity, McGraw Hill Book Company, III

Edition, 1983.

2. Fung.Y.C, Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall.

3. Valliappan.S, Continuum Mechanics fundamentals, Oxford and IBH.

4. Srinath.L.S., Advanced Mechanics of Solids, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co ltd.,

New Delhi

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COMPUTATIONAL STRUCTURAL MECHANICS Subject Code : 12 CCS-12 IA Marks : 50 No. of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam Hrs : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hrs : 52 Exam Marks : 100 Brief history of Structural Mechanics, Structural Systems, Degrees of Static and

Kinematic indeterminacies, geometrical and Material Non Linearities, Concepts of

Stiffness and Flexibility. Energy concepts in Structural Mechanics, strain energy –

Axial, Flexural & Shear - Real work and Complementary work – Principle of virtual

displacement for a rigid body and a deformable body – Principles minimum potential

energy, and minimum complementary energy. Maxwell Betti theorem.

Relationship between element and system – transformation of information from

system forces to element forces using equilibrium equations, transformation of

information from system displacement to element displacement, contra gradient law,

element stiffness and flexibility matrices, (bar, beam and grid elements), generation

of system stiffness matrix using uncoupled element stiffness matrices. Analysis of

statically indeterminate structures (i) Truss, (ii) Continuous beam and (iii) Simple

frames by stiffness method (element approach)

Direct stiffness method local and global coordinate system – Direct assembly of

element stiffness matrices – Analysis of indeterminate structures (i) Truss, (ii)

Continuous beam & (iii) Simple frames (iv) Frames subjected to loads perpendicular

to plane of the frame.

Storage techniques – Half band, skyline storage. Equation solvers – Gauss

elimination, Gauss – Siedel , Cholesky methods, - Flow charts & Algorithms.

REFERENCES:

1. Rajasekaran.S, “Computational Structural Mechanics”, PHI, New Delhi 2001

2. Reddy.C.S, “Basic Structural Analysis,” TMH, New Delhi 2001

3. Beaufait.F.W. et al., Computer Methods of Structural Analysis, Prentice Hall, 1970.

4. Weaver.W and Gere.J.H., Matrix Analysis of Framed Structures, Van Nastran,

1980.

5. Karde Stuncer.H, Elementary Matrix Analysis of Structures, McGraw-Hill 1974.

6. Jain.A.K. Advanced Structural Analysis with Computer Application Nemchand and

Brothers, Roorkee, India

7. Rubinstein M.F, Matrix Computer Methods of Structural Analysis Prentice-Hall.

8. Krishnamoorthy.C.S. Finite Element theory and programming TMH, India.

9. Bathe.K.J, Finite element procedures in Engineering Analysis. PHI. New Delhi

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COMPUTATIONAL STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS Subject Code : 12 CCS-13 IA Marks : 50 No. of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam Hrs : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hrs : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Single Degree of Freedom System- degrees of freedom, undamped system, springs

in parallel, in series. Newton’s laws of motion, free body diagrams. D’Alembert’s

principle, solution of the differential equation of motion, frequency and period,

amplitude of motion. Damped Single degree of freedom system – viscous damping,

equation of motion, critically damped system, overdamped system, underdamped

system, logarithmic decrement. Response of single degree of freedom system to

harmonic loading – undamped harmonic excitation, damped harmonic excitation,

evaluation of damping at resonance, bandwidth method (Half power) to evaluate

damping, response to support motion, force transmitted to the foundation, seismic

instruments.

Response to General Dynamic Loading – Impulsive loading and Duhamel’s

integral, numerical evaluation of Duhamel’s integral, undamped system, numerical

evaluation of Duhamel’s integral, damped system. Fourier analysis and response in

frequency domain – Fourier analysis, Fourier co-efficients for piece-wise liner

functions, exponential form of Fourier series, discrete Fourier analysis, fast fourier

transform.

Generalised Co-ordinates and Rayleigh’s method – principle of virtual work,

generalised single degree of freedom system (rigid body and distributed elasticity),

Raylegh’s method. Hamilton’s principle.

Multistory Shear Building . Free vibration – natural frequencies and normal modes.

Forced motion – modal superposition method – response of a shear building to base

motion. Damped motion of shear building – equations of motions – uncoupled

damped equation – conditions for uncoupling. Damping.

Discretiszation of Continuous Systems : Longitudinal Vibration of a uniform rod.

Transverse vibration of a pretensioned cable. Free transverse vibration of uniform

beams – Rotary inertia and shear effects – The effect of axial loading. Orthogonality

of normal modes. Undamped forced vibration of beams by mode superposition.

Dynamic Analysis of Beams – stiffness matrix, mass matrix (lumped and consistent);

equations of motion for the discretiesed beam in matrix form and its solutions.

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REFERENCE:

1. Mario Paz, “structural dynamics, Theory and computation”, 2nd Edition, CBS

Publisher and Distributors, New Delhi.

2. Clough, Ray W and Penzien.J, “Dynamics of Structures”, 2nd Edition, McGraw-

Hill, New Delhi.

3. Mukhopadyaya, “Vibration, Dynamics and structural problems,” Oxford IBH

Publishers New Delhi.

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COMPUTER AIDED OPTIMUM DESIGN OF STRUCTURES


Introduction: Engineering applications, Statement of optimization problem,

Classification of optimization problems, Optimization techniques.

Classical Optimization Techniques: Single variable optimization, Multivariable

optimization with no constrains, with equality constraints - Lagrange multiplier -

method, constrained variation method - and with inequality constraints Kuhn Tucker

conditions.

Linear Programming: Standard form of Linear programming problem, simplex

method, revised simplex Method.

Non-Linear Programming: One dimensional minimisation methods, Elimination

and Interpolation methods, unconstrained Optimization Techniques, Direct Search

methods, Descent Methods, Constrained Optimization Techniques, Direct methods.

Indirect methods.

Stochastic Programming: for optimization of design of structural elements with

random variables

Application Problems: Optimum design RC, PSC, Steel structural elements.

Algorithms for optimum designs.

Genetic Algorithms : Introduction – fitness function including the effect of

constraints cross over, mutation.

REFERENCES:

1. Rao.S.S - Optimization Theory and Applications, Wiley Eastern Limited,1978.

2. Fox.R.L. - Optimization Methods for Engineering Design, Addison Wesley, 1971.

3. Stark.R.M. Nicholls.R.L., Mathematical Foundations for Design, McGraw Hill

Book Company.

4. Narsingk Deo – System simulation with digital computer, Prentice – Hall of India

Pvt, Ltd. New Delhi – 1989.

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COMPUTER BASED ADVANCED NUMERICAL METHODS


Linear System of Equations ( Direct Methods) : Introduction – Cramer’s Rule –

Gaussian Elimination – Gauss – Jordan Method – Factorization method – Ill

conditioned matrix – sealing of a matrix – How to solve AX = b on a Computer –

Summary – Exercises

Iterative Methods for Solving Linear Equation : Introduction – Basic Ingredients –

Stationary Methods : Jacobi Iteration – Computer Time Requirement for Jacobi

Iteration – Gauss – Seidel Method – Relaxation Method – Condition of Convergence

of Iterative Method – Summary - Exercises

Storage Schemes and Solution of Large System of Linear Equations :

Introduction – Solution of Large sets of Equations – Band Form – Skyline storage –

Solution of Band Matrix in Core – Band Solver for large number of equations –

Cholesky (L), (U) Decomposition in skyline storage – Bandwidth Reduction – Frontal

Solvers – Substructure Concept – Submatrix Equation Solver - Summary

Solution Techniques for Eigenvalue Problems : Introduction – Practical problems

– Methods for solution of Eigenvalue problems – Methods of characteristic

polynomial – Vector Iteration Techniques – Transformation Method – Transformation

of the Generalized Eigenvalue Problem to a standard form – number of eigenvalues

smaller than µ- Sturm sequence property – Approximate solution techniques –

Polynominal iteration techniques – Solution strategy for eigen solution of large

systems – comparison of various techniques – Summary - Exercises.

Numerical Integration : Introduction – Newton – Cotes Closed quadrature –

Trapezoidal rule – Romberg – integration – Newton – cotes Open quadrature –

Gaussian quadrature – Gauss – Laguerre quadrature – Gauss – Chebyshev quadrature

– gauss – Hermite quadrature – Numerical integration using spline – Monte – Carlo

method for numerical integration – How to choose a method for estimating a proper

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integral - Discontinuities and improper integrals = Multiple integration – integration

by using mapping function – Summary Exercises

Solution of Ordinary First Order Differential Equat ions : Introduction – nth order

differential equation – Physical problem – Taylor series – Euler method or first order

Taylor series – modified Euler method – Picard method of successive approximation

– Runge – Kutta methods – solution of simultaneous ordinary differential equations

by R K Methods. Predictor / Corrector method – How to select numerical integration

method – Summary Exercise.

Boundary Value Problems Region Method ( Finite Difference Approach) :

Introduction – Classification – basic methods – Practical examples – Numerical

solution – One dimension – two dimensions – Solution of Elliptic equation –

Parabolic Equations (practical examples) Hyperbolic equations – Summary –

Exercises

REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Gerald, G.F and Wheatley, P.O., “ Applied Numerical Analysis” 6 Ed. Pearson

Education 1999

2. Chapra S.C and Canale. R.P “ Numerical Methods for Engineers with

Programming and Software Applications” 3 Ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New 1998

3. Scaborough.J.B. “ Numerical Mathematical Analysis” Oxford IBH Publishers,

New Delhi

4. Salvadori.M, “ Numerical Methods” PHI, New Delhi

5. Jain, Iyenger & Jain “ Numerical Methods for Scientific Engineering

Computation” Wiley Eastern ltd.

6. Saxena.H.C. “ Examples in Finite Difference & Numerical Analysis” S Chand

& Co, New Delhi

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COMPUTER AIDED ADVANCED DESIGN OF METAL STRUCTURES


Design of Industrial Structures : Design of trussed bent, Design principles of single

storey rigid frames, open-web beams and open-web single storey frames.

Design of Storage Structures and Tall Structures : Design of Liquid Retaining

Structures, Silos, Bunkers, Chimneys and transmission towers.

Design of Steel Bridges : Design principles of trussed bridges.

Design of Light Gauge Steel Sections : Design principles of members in

compression, tension, bending and torsion.

Design of Aluminum Structures : Codes and Specifications, Design principles of

tension members, welded tension members, compression members, beams, combined

loading cases.

Design Principles of Structures with round tubular sections : Introduction, round

tubular section, permissible stresses, compression members, Tension members, beams

and roof trusses.

REFERENCES:

1. Ramachandra, design of Steel structures, Vol.I and Vol.II.

2. Duggal.S.K., design of Steel structures.

3. Vazirani & Ratwani, Steel structures, Vol. III.

4. Cyril Benson, Advanced Structural Design.

5. Gaylord.E.H and Gaylord.C.N., Structural Engineering Hand Book

6. Bresler, Boris and .Lin.T.Y., design of Steel Structures.

7. Lothers, Advanced Design in Steel.

8. IS:800 : Indian Standard Code of Practice for general construction in steel.

9. S.P.6 (1) : Hand Book for Structural Engineers. – Structural steel sections.

10.I.R.C. Codes and Railway Board Codes, pertaining to bridges.

11.IS : 6533. Code of practice for Design and Construction of steel chimneys.

12.IS 811. Cold Formed Light Gauge structural steel sections.

13.IS : 801. Code of practice for use of cold formed light gauge steel structural

members in general building construction.

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14. SP : 6(5) : ISI Hand Book for Structural Engineers. Cold – Formed Light gauge

steel structures.

15. IS : 4923. Specifications for Hollow steel sections for Structural use.

16. IS : 1161. Specifications for Steel tubes in general building construction.

17. IS : 806. Code of Practice for use of steel tubes in general building construction.

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COMPOSITE AND SMART – MATERIALS


Introduction to Composite materials, classifications and applications. of fibers, volume fraction and load distribution among constituents, minimum & critical volume fraction, compliance & stiffness matrices, coupling, Anisotropic elasticity - unidirectional and anisotropic laminae, thermo-mechanical properties, micro- mechanical analysis, classical composite lamination theory, Cross and angle–play laminates, symmetric, antisymmetric and general asymmetric laminates, mechanical coupling, laminate stacking, Analysis of simple laminated structural elements ply-stress and strain, lamina failure theories - first fly failure, environmental effects, manufacturing of composites. Introduction-smart materials, types of smart structures, actuators & sensors, embedded & surface mounted, Piezoelectric materials, piezoelectric coefficients, phase transition, piezoelectric constitutive relation Beam modeling with strain actuator, bending extension relation

REFERENCE: 1. Robart M Jones, “Mechanic of Composite Materials”, McGraw Hill Publishing Co. 2. Bhagwan D Agaraval, and Lawrence J Brutman, “Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites”, John Willy and Sons. 3. Lecture notes on “Smart Structures”, by Inderjith Chopra, Department of Aerospace Engg., University of Maryland. 4. Crawley, E and de Luis, J., “Use of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 25 No 10, Oct 1987, PP 1373-1385. 5. Crawley, E and Anderson, E., “Detailed models of Piezoceramic actuation of beams”, Proc. of the 30th AIAA /ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC- Structural dynamics and material conference, AIAA Washington DC, April 1989.

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II SEMESTER

COMPUTER AIDED STABILITY ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES


Beam column- Differential equation. Beam column subjected to (i) lateral

concentrated load, (ii) several concentrated loads, (iii) continuous lateral load.

Application of trigonometric series. Euler’s formulation using fourth order differential

equation for pinned-pinned, fixed-fixed, fixed-free and fixed-pinned columns.

Buckling of frames and continuous beams. Elastica. Energy method-Approximate

calculation of critical loads for a cantilever. Exact critical load for hinged-hinged

column using energy approach.

Buckling of bar on elastic foundation. Buckling of cantilever column under

distributed loads. Determination of critical loads by successive approximation. Bars

with varying cross section. Effect of shear force on critical load. Columns subjected to

non-conservative follower and pulsating forces.

Stability analysis by finite element approach – Derivation of shape functions for a

two noded Bernoulli-Euler beam element (lateral and translational dof) –element

stiffness and Element geometric stiffness matrices – Assembled stiffness and

geometric stiffness matrices for a discretised column with different boundary

conditions – Evaluation of critical loads for a discretised (two elements) column (both

ends built-in). Algorithm to generate geometric stiffness matrix for four noded and

eight noded isoparametric plate elements. Buckling of pin jointed frames (maximum

of two active dof)-symmetrical single bay Portal frame.

Expression for strain energy in plate bending with in plane forces (linear and

non-linear). Buckling of simply supported rectangular plate – uniaxial load and

biaxial load. Buckling of uniformly compressed rectangular plate simply supported

along two opposite sides perpendicular to the direction of compression and having

various edge condition along the other two sides- Buckling of a Rectangular Plate

Simply Supported along Two opposite sides and uniformly compressed in the

Direction Parallel to Those sides – Buckling of a Simply Supported Rectangular Plate

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under Combined Bending and Compression – Buckling of Rectangular Plates under

the Action of Shearing Stresses – Other Cases of Buckling of Rectangular Plates.

REFERENCE:

1. Stephen P. Timoshenko, James M. Gere, “Theory of Elastic Stability”, 2nd

Edition, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

2. Robert D Cook et al, “Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis”, 3rd

Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York

3. Rajashekaran.S, “Computational Structural Mechanics”, Prentice-Hall, India

4. Ray W Clough and J Penzien, “Dynamics of Structures”, 2nd Edition, McGraw-

Hill, New Delhi.

5. Zeiglar.H,”Principles of Structural Stability”, Blaisdall Publications

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COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS OF PLATES AND SHELLS Subject Code : 12 CCS-22 IA Marks : 50 No. of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam Hrs : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hrs : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Bending of plates : Introduction - Slope and curvature of slightly bent plates –

relations between bending moments and curvature in pure bending of plates –

strain energy in pure bending – Differential equation for cylindrical bending of

plates–Differential equation for symmetrical bending of laterally loaded circular

plates – uniformly loaded circular plates with and without central cutouts, with

two different boundary conditions (simply supported and clamped). Centrally

loaded clamped circular plate - Circular plate on elastic foundation.

Laterally loaded rectangular plates – Differential equation of the deflection

surface – boundary conditions. Simply supported (SSSS) rectangular plates

subjected to harmonic loading. Navier’s solution for SSSS plate subjected to udl,

patch udl, point load and hydrostatic pressure – Bending of rectangular simply

supported plate subjected to a distributed moments at a pair of opposite edges.

Bending of rectangular plates subjected to udl (i) two opposite edges simply

supported and the other two edges clamped, (ii) three edges simply supported and

one edge built-in and (iii) all edges built-in. Bending of rectangular plates

subjected to uniformly varying lateral load (i) all edges built-in and (ii) three

edges simply supported and one edge built-in.

Large Deflections of Plates – approximate formulae for uniformly loaded

circular plate, exact solution for circular plate with clamped edge, rectangular

plates with simply supported edges

Differential Geometry of curves and surfaces. Classifications of Shells –

membrane action and bending action – force resultants and moment resultants in

terms of mid surface strains and changes in curvatures –analysis of simple shells

of revolution subjected to symmetrical loading.

General bending theory of shells of double curvature, shells of revolution and

cylindrical shells – Analysis and Design of Spherical domes.

15

REFERENCE:

1. Timoshenko and Krieger, “ Theory of Plates and Shells”, McGraw-Hill

International Book Company.

2. Chandrashekara K, “Theory of Plates”, University Press

3. Szilard.R, “Theory and analysis of plates-classical and numerical methods”

4. Ugural A C, “Stress in Plates and shells”, McGraw-Hill International Book

Company.

16

COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

(FE Approach)


Introduction to Finite Element Analysis: - Displacement models – Relation

between the nodal degrees of freedom and generalized coordinates – Convergence

requirements- Natural coordinate systems - Shape functions ( interpolation functions)

for bar beam, triangular and rectangular plane stress a plane strain ( Hermittan and

Lagrange polynomials) Element strains and stresses – Element stiffness matrix.

Isoparametric Elements: Concepts, two-dimensional isoparametric elements,

triangular elements, quadrilateral elements, computation of stiffness matrix, numerical

integration, convergence criteria for isoparametric elements, application to plane -

stress and plane-strain problems, 3D stress analysis problems, axisymmetric

problems. Computer algorithms, flow charts, simple computer programmes for the

analysis of 2D structures.

Plate Bending Analysis: Basic theories of thin plates, displacement functions, plate-

bending elements, shear deformation in plates, Mindlin’s theory. Basic relationships

in finite element formulation, four and eight nodded isoparametric elements.

Computer algorithms and flow-charts.

Analysis of Shells: Thin shell theory, review of shell elements, four and eight noded

shell element and finite elements formulation, Computer algorithms and flow charts.

Introduction to Galerkin method of Finite Element Analysis with simple

examples.

Finite Element Programming: Pre and Post Processors, software packages, current

trends in finite element analysis software.

REFERENCES:

1.Krishnamoorthy C.S, “Finite Element Analysis”, Tata-McGraw-Hill Publishing Company 2 Zienkiewicz.O.C, “The Finite Element Method”, Tata-McGraw-Hill Publishing Company 3. Desai.C.S and Abel.J.F. , “Introduction of Finite Element Method”, East–West press 4. Reddy.J.N., “Finite Element Method”, -McGraw Hill International edition. 5. Rajashekaran.S, “Finite Element Analysis in Engineering Design”, –Wheeler Publishing.

17

6. Bathe.K.J., “Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis”, -Prentice Hall of India. 7.Chandrupatla and Belegundu, “Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India. 2nd edition, 1999

18

APPLICATION OF AI AND EXPERT SYSTEMS IN

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING.


Artificial Intelligence : Introduction: AI – Applications fields, defining the problems

– state space representation – problem characteristics – production system –

production system characteristics.

Knowledge Representation: Formal logic – predicate logic – logic programming –

forward v/s backward reasoning – matching control knowledge.

Search and Control: Concepts – uninformed / blind search: depth first search –

breadth first search - bi-directional search – informed search – heuristic graph search

– generate and test - hill climbing – best–first search – AND OR graph search.

Non-formal Knowledge Representation – semantic networks – frames – scripts –

production systems. Programming in LISP.

Expert Systems: Their superiority over conventional software – components of an

expert system – expert system life cycle – expert system development process –

nature of expert knowledge – techniques of soliciting and encoding expert knowledge.

Inference: Forward chaining – backward chaining – rule value approach.

Uncertainty – symbolic reasoning under uncertainty: logic for non-monotonic

reasoning. Statistical reasoning: Probability and Bayes’ theorem – certainty factor and

rule based systems – Bayesian network -Dempster – Shafer theory.

Fuzzy reasoning : Features of rule-based, network- based and frame -based expert

systems – examples of expert systems in Construction Management and Structural

Engg. Expert system shells.

Neural Networks: An introduction – their possible applications in Civil Engineering.

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REFERENCE:

1.Patterson D W, “Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems”, Prentice-Hall, New

Jersy.

2. Rich, E. and Knight K. “Artificial Intelligence”, TMH, New Delhi.

3. Rolston , D.W.,“Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems” McGraw Hill, New

York.

4. Nilsson, N.J., “Principals of Artificial Intelligence”, Narosa., New Delhi.

5. Adeli, H., “Expert Systems in Constructions and Structural Engg”, Chapman &

Hall, New York.

20

ADVANCED REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN


Deflection of Reinforced Concrete Beams and Slabs : Introduction – Short term

Deflection of Beams and Slabs – Deflection due to Imposed Loads – Short-term

Deflection of Beams due to Applied Loads – Calculation of Deflection by IS 456 –

Calculation of Deflection by BS 8110 – Deflection Calculation by Eurocode – ACI

Simplified Method – Deflection of Continuous Beams by IS 456 – Deflection of

Cantilevers – Deflection Slabs

Redistribution of Moments in Reinforced Concrete Beams : Introduction –

Redistribution of Moments in a Fixed Beam – Positions of Points of Contraflexrues –

conditions for Moment Redistribution – Final shape of redistributed bending moment

diagram – Moment redistribution for a two-span continuous beam – Advantages and

disadvantages of Moment redistribution – Modification of clear distance between bars

in beams ( for limiting crackwidth) with redistribution – Moment – curvature ( M- )

Relations of Reinforced Concrete sections – ACI conditions for redistribution of

moments - conclusion

Design of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams: Introduction – Minimum thickness -

Steps of Designing Deep beams – design by IS 456 – Design according to British

practice – ACI procedure for design of deep beams – checking for local failures –

Detailing of Deep beams.

Approximate Analysis of Grid Floors: Introduction – Analysis of Flat Grid Floors

– Analysis of rectangular grid floors by Timoshenko’s Plate Theory – Analysis of

Grid by Stiffness Matrix Method – Analysis of Grid Floors by equating joint

deflections – Comparison of Methods of Analysis – Detailing of Steel in Flat Grids

Yield Line Analysis : Basic Theory – Analysis of rectangular and circular slabs with

different edge conditions, subjected to udl, line load and concentrated load.

Strip Method of Design of Reinforced concrete slabs : Introduction – Theory of

strip method – Application to simply supported slabs, clamped slabs and slabs with

combination of different edge conditions. Handling slabs with free edges – concept of

strong band – Slabs with openings – Design of Sqew’s slabs – Affinity theorems.

21

Reference Books: 1. Varghese.P.C., Advanced Reinforced Concrete design, prentice, Hall of India,

Neevpeth. 2. Krishna Raju – “Advanced R.C. Design”, CBSRD,1986, F.K. Kong 3. Evans R.H. – “Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete” - ELBS Eidition 4. Park R. and Paulay, T., Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley and Sons. 5. Ramakrishnan, V. and Arthur. P.D., Ultimate Strength Design for Structural

Concrete, Pitman, Landon. 6. Karve. S.R. and Shah V.L., Limit State theory and design of Reinforced Concrete,

Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune. 7. Fintel, Handbook of Concrete Engineering, Van Nostrand. 8. Punmia, Reinforced concrete structures Vol. 1 and 2, Standard Publications. 9. Dr.Punmia.B.C Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain “Comprehensive RCC

Design”

22

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS AND RELIABILITY BASED DESIGN O F

STRUCTURES


Concept of variability in design parameters, Applications of Statistical principles to

deal with randomness in basic variables, statistical parameters and their significance,

Characteristic strength and characteristic load, probability modeling of strength,

geometrical dimensions, material properties and loading. Description of various

probability distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Normal, Log-Normal, Beta, Gama,

distributions.

Testing of goodness – of – fit of distributions to the actual data using chi-square

method and K.S Method.

Statistical regression and correlation using least – square and chi – square

methods,

Statistical Quality control in Civil Engineering, - Application problems Mean

value method and its applications in structural designs, statistical inference,

Comparison of various acceptance and rejection testing.

The Random variable, operation on one Random variable, expectation, multiple

random variables, reliability distributions – basic formulation, the hazard function, ,

Weibull distribution. Introduction to safety assessment of structures – reliability

analysis using mean value theorem – I, II and III order Reliability formats.

Simulation techniques, reliability index - reliability formulation in various limit

states, reliability based design, application to design of RC, PSC and steel structural

elements – LRFD Concept.

REFERENCES:

1.John B.Kennedy and Adam M.Neville, Basic Statstical Methods for Engineers and

Scientists, Harper and Row Publishers, New York.

2.Ang A.H.S and W.H.Tang, Probability concepts in Engineering planning and

Design, John Wiley and sons, New York, Vol.I and II.

3 Ranganthan.R, Reliability Analysis and Design of Structures, Tata McGraw Hill

publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

23

COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION S AND

EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES

Subject Code: 12 CCS-253 IA Marks : 50 No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs Examination Marks : 100

Basic principles of soil behavior, bearing capacity, stress distribution etc., -

Design of different types of foundations-isolated footings, combined footings, raft

foundations, pile foundations, caissons - Design of embankments, - Design of earth

retaining structures: cantilever retaining walls, counterfort retaining walls, abutments,

bulkheads - Developing algorithms and programs for the design of foundations.

Elements of Soil Dynamics and Design of Machine Foundations Stability

Analysis of Slopes – Algorithms and programmes. Algorithms and programmes for

(i) Consolidation (ii) earth pressure (iii) Settlement Analysis of isolated and combined

footings

REFERENCE:

1. Bowles J.E “Foundation Analysis and Design”, McGraw Hill.

2. Leonards.G.A, “Foundation Engineering”, McGraw Hill.

3. Tschebotoriff.G.P “Foundations, Retaining and Earth Structures, McGraw Hill.

4 Peak.R.B, .Hanson W.E and ThornbornT.H “Foundation Engineering”, John Willy

5. SP – 34, Detailing of RC Structure, BIS Publications.

24

III Semester

EARTH QUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES


Seismic Hazard Assessment – Engineering Seismology – Definitions, Introduction

to Seismic hazard , Earthquake phenomenon – Seismotectonics and seismic zoning of

India – Earthquake monitoring and seismic instrumentation – Characteristics of strong

Earthquake motion - Estimation of Earthquake parameters – Microzonation

Earthquake Effects on Structures: Response to ground acceleration – response

analysis by mode superposition – torsional response of buildings -response spectrum

analysis – selection of design earthquake – earthquake response of base isolated

buildings – earthquake response of inelastic structures, allowable ductility demand

Response Spectra / Average response Spectra - Design Response Spectra -

Evaluation of earthquake forces – (IS 1893 – 2002). – Effect of earthquake on

different types of structures – Lessons learnt from past earthquakes.

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering: Soil Dynamics – Geotechnical failure of

foundations during earthquake – Earthquake Resistant design of Shallow foundation

–Liquefaction and Remedial measures

Concepts of Earthquake Resistant Design: Structural Systems / Types of buildings

– Causes of damage – Planning consideration / Architectural Concept ( IS 4326 –

1993) ( Do’s and Donts for protection of life and property ) – Philosophy and

principle of earthquake resistant design – Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Design

Earthquake Resistant Earthen Buildings (IS 13827 – 1993). – Earthquake

Resistant low strength masonry buildings

Earthquake Resistant Design of Masonry Buildings – Strength and Structural

properties of masonry – Lateral load - Design considerations

Earthquake Resistant Design of RCC Buildings – Material properties – lateral load

analysis – design and detailing (IS 13920 – 1993).

Seismic Base Isolation: Basic concept of seismic base isolation – Seismic Isolation

systems.

25

REFERENCES:

1. Chopra, A.K. “Dynamics of structures”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Clough, R.W. and Penzien J, “Dynamics of Structures”, McGraw Hill Book Co.

New York

3. Biggs, M. “An Introduction to Structural Dynamics”, McGraw Hill Book Co. New

York

4. Ghose, S.K. “Earthquake Resistance Design of Concrete Structures”, SDCPL –

R&D Center – New Mumbai 73.

5. Jaikrishna et al. “Elements of Earthquake Engineering”, South Asia Publishers,

New Delhi.

6. PAZ M. “Structural Dynamics”, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.

7. Humar, J.C. “Dynamics of Structures”, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

8. James L Stratta, “ Manual of Seismic Design”, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte,

Ltd., Indian Branch Delhi - 2004

26

COMPUTER AIDED ADVANCED MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Subject Code : 12 CCS-321 IA Marks : 50 No. of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam Hrs : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hrs : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Curved Beams: Introduction, Circumferential stress in a curved beam, Radial stresses

in curved beams, Correction for circumferential stresses in curved beams having I, T,

or similar cross sections, Deflections of curved beams, Statically indeterminate curved

beams, Closed ring subjected to a concentrated load.

Shear Center for Thin-Wall Beam Cross Sections: Definition of shear center in

bending Approximations employed for shear in thin-wall beam cross sections, Shear

flow in thin-walled beam cross sections, Shear center for singly symmetric and

unsymmetrical sections.

Nonsymmetrical Bending of Straight Beams:, Symmetrical and nonsymmetrical

bending, Bending stresses in beams subjected to nonsymmetrical bending, Deflections

of straight beams subjected to nonsymmetrical bending.

Beams on Elastic Foundations: General theory, Infinite beam subjected to

concentrated load, Boundary conditions, Infinite beam subjected to a distributed load

segment, Semi-infinite beam with different end conditions subjected to concentrated

load and moment at its end - Short beams.

Structures subjected to out of plane loading: Analysis of simple bents, frames,

grids and beams circular in plan – Cantilever beams, semicircular continuous beams

with three equally spaced supports, circular beams with different number of equally

spaced supports.

Method of Tension Co-efficient: General principles, Analysis of three-dimensional

trusses and frames.

Reference Books:

1. Arthur P. Boresi and Omar M. Sidebottom: "Advanced Mechanics of Materials", Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985

2. James M. Gere and S. P. Thimoshenko: "Advanced Mechanics of Materials", Second Edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2000.

3. Ugural.A.C. and Fenster.S.K "Advanced Strength of material and Applied Elasticity", Arnold Publishers, 1981.

4. Junnarkar.S.B., "Mechanics of Structures", Volume - III, Charotar Publications, Anand, India

27

COMPUTER AIDED ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS


Analysis of Dynamic Response of MDOF Systems by Direct Integration : Basic

concept of direct integration methods – central difference methods - Wilson - θ

Method - Newmark Method – Stability and accuracy of direct integration method.

Non-liner Structural Response – Classification of non linear analysis – Systems

with non linear characteristics – formulation of incremental equations of equilibrium

– numerical solution of non linear equilibrium equations for single degree freedom

systems - liner acceleration step by step method, elastoplastic behavior, algorithm for

the step by step solution for elastoplastic SDOF system.

Newmark Method – Wilson - θ - Method Response spectra – construction of a

response spectrum, response spectrum for support disturbance, tripartite response

spectra, response spectra for inelastic design.

Non-liner Response of MDOF Systems – incremental equation of motion, Wilson-θ

method.

Introduction to Random Vibration – Random functions, normal and Rayleigh’s

distribution, correlation, fourier transform, spectral analysis, spectral density function,

response to random excitation.

Blast Loads on Structure: Sources of Blast Loads – shock waves – sound speed

and Mach numbers. Shock pressure. Determination of blast loads – defining blast

loads – structure loading. Strain rate effects – approximate solution technique for

SDOF systems.

Basic Concepts of Water Waves – Linear wave theory – dispersion equations –

wave particle velocities- wave energies. Non linear waves- Stokes wave theory –

Cnoidal Wave theory – stream function wave theory. Waves transformations –

Shoaling - refraction – diffraction – dissipation – breaking. Wave statistics –

significant wave – short term statistics – wave spectra – long term statistics. Wave

information – wave measurements – Hindcasts.

Response of Structures to Water Waves: Morrison equation, force coefficient,

linearized Morrison equation, inclined cylinders – transfer lift forces. Diffraction

28

theory- scattering problem – wave forces on vertical walls – wave forces on a low

vertical wall - wave forces on a rectangular structure.

REFERENCE:

1 Mario Paz, “Structural Dynamics, Theory and Computation”, 2nd Edition, CBS

Publisher and Distributors, New Delhi.

2 Ray W Clough and J Penzien, “Dynamics of Structures”, 2nd Edition, McGraw-

Hill, New Delhi. 1989.

3 Mukopadyaya, “Vibration, Dynamics and Structural Problems,” Oxford IBH

Publishers New Delhi.

4 Joseph W Tedesco, William G McDougal, D.Allen Ross, “ Structural Dynamics

Theory and Applications” Publishers Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Menlo

Park, California 94025.

29

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF SUB STRUCTURES


Bearing Capacity of Soils – Generalised Bearing Capacity Equation; Field tests for

Bearing Capacity and settlement estimation; Settlement of shallow foundations -

Elastic and consolidation settlements; Settlement estimates from penetration tests;

Settlement tolerance; Allowable bearing pressure.

Design Parameters for Substructures – Factors influencing selection of depth of

Foundation; Structural design considerations; Winkler hypothesis and Beams on

Elastic Foundation Approach; Soil Line Method; Finite Element and Finite Difference

approaches for the analysis of shallow foundations (strip and mat)

RCC Design : Spread footings, Combined footings, Strip footings, and Rafts;

Unsymmetrical Footing.

Pile Foundations; Classification of pile foundations and general considerations of

design; Ultimate load capacity of piles; Pile settlement; Analysis of single pile and

pile group; Laterally loaded piles and ultimate lateral resistance. Uplift resistance of

piles and anchored foundations; under reamed Pile; Pile load tests; Design examples.

Special Foundation Problems - Foundations for Transmission Line Towers,

Foundations on expansive soils, Earth retaining structures – Retaining walls, sheet

piles and reinforced earth structures.

References Books:

1. Bowles. J. E. “ Foundation Analysis and Design”, 5th edition, The McGraw-Hill companies, Inc, New York, 1996.

2. Das.B.M., “Principles of Foundation Engineering”, Thomson Brooks / Cole Publishing Company, Singapore 2004.

3. Tomlinson.M.J., “Foundation Design and Construction”, ELBS, London. 4. Swamy Saran, “Analysis and Design of Sub Structures”, Oxford and IBH

Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1996, 5. Relevant IS Codes of Practice. 6. Varghese P.C. “Foundation Engineering” Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi 2005. 7. Gulhati S.K. and Datta M. “Geotechnical Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill Co.,

Ltd., New Delhi 2005. 8. Winterkorn H.F. and Fong H.Y. “Foundation Engineering Hand Book”, Galgotia

Book Source, New Delhi 2000.

30

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

(RC, Steel and PSC)


Computer Aided Design of R.C.Structural Elements : Design of one way slab,

two way lab system – Design of singly reinforced and doubly reinforced rectangular

and flanged beams – Design of columns for axial loading and biaxial bending –

Design of isolated and combined footings. N Pandian’s method for direct optimum

design of slab.

Computer Aided Design of Steel structural elements – conforming to IS 800-2007

Design of compression members, tension members, flexural members – Design of

plate girders – Design of steel trusses.

Computer Aided Design of PSC structural elements – stress analysis of beams –

Design of PSC beams ( type I, II and III) – Design of PSC bridge girders. A Prasad

Rao’s algorithm for minimum weight design Mosleys method for section properties.

Computer Aided Design of Structures by using available standard packages like

STADPRO, NISACIVIL etc.,

REFERENCE:

1. Krishinaraj.N, “ Advanced RC Design” C.B.S Publishers, New Delhi

2. Segui, William J “LRFD Steel Design” John Wiley, Newyork

3. Ramachandra “ Design of Steel Structures” Vol.1

4. Dayarathnam, “ Design of PSC Structures” Oxford IBH

5. PSC Design by Computer – W.H. Mosley- Macmillan 1987.

31

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF LIFELINE STRUCTURES


BRIDGES:

Loads on Bridges – Design of (i) Solid slab bridges (ii) Simple Girder bridges (iii)

Continuous girder bridges (iv) Cantilever Bridges (v) Rigid frame bridges (Single

span). (vi) PSC Girder Bridges. (vii) Plate Girder Bridges (viii) Truss Girder Bridges.

Sub structures of Bridges – Bed Block – Piers – Pier Dimension – Design loads for

Piers – Abutments – design loads for Abutments.

Chimneys:

Steel Chimneys – Lining for chimneys – breach opening – Forces acting on steel

chimneys including seismic forces – Design of thickness of steel plate – Design of

base plate – Design of anchor bolts – Design of foundation

Analysis Design and Detailing of RC chimneys for different load combinations

Towers and Tresles:

Transmission lime towers of various shapes and member types – Loads on towers

– Analysis and Design of Steel transmission line towers.

TRESTLES: Analysis and design of Steel Trestles vertical and horizontal loads

Use of Software Packages:

Analysis and design of (i) Bridges (ii) Chimneys (iii) Towers and Trestles using

Software packages like NISACIVIL, ANSYS, STAADPRO, MATLAB etc.,

REFERENCE:

1. Ramachandra, Design of Steel structures Vo1 and Vo12.

2. S.K.Duggal, Design of Steel structures.

3. Vazirani & Ratwani, Sleet structures, Vo1.III

4. Cyril Benson, Advanced _structural Design.

5. Gaylord E.H. and Gaylord C.N., Structural Engineering Hand Book.

32

6. Bresler, Boris and T.Y.Lin , Design of Steel Structures.

7. Lothers, Advanced Design in Steel.

8. IS: 800: Indian Standard Code of Practice for general construction in steel.

9. S.P. 6 (1) Hand Book for Structural Engineers. - Structural sleel sections.

10.I.R.C. Codes and Railway Board Codes, pertaining to bridges.

11.IS : 6533. Code of Practice for Design and Construction of steel chimneys.

12.IS 811. Cold formed Light gauge structures steel sections.

13.IS : 801, Code of practice for use of cold formed light gauge steel structural

members in general building construction.

14.SP : 6(5) : ISl Hand Book for Structural Engineers. Cold - Formed Light gauge

steel Structures.

15.IS : 4923. Specifications for Hollow steel sections for Structural use.

16.IS : 1161 . Specifications for Steel Tubes for Structural purposes.

17.IS : 806. Code of Practice for use of steel tubes in general building construction.

18.Vazirani, Aswani, “ Design of Concrete Structures - III ,” Khanna Publishers New

Delhi. 2000

19.Krishna Raju N “ Design of Bridges,” Oxford, IBH Publications New Delhi.

20. JohnsonVictor, “ Essential of Bridge Engineering,” Oxford, IBH Publications,

New Delhi

21. Prevalent IS Codes)

33

CONCEPT OF PRE FABRICATION AND PRECAST STRUCTURES


Concept of Prefabricated construction - necessity, advantages, disadvantages, Mass

produced steel, reinforced concrete and masonry systems Industrialized buildings.

Concept of modular coordination, basic module, planning and design modules,

modular grid systems, National Building Code Specifications, standardization,

dimensioning of products, preferred dimensions and sizes, tolerances and deviations,

layout and process.

Prefabricates classification- foundation, columns, beams, roof and floor panels, wall

panels, clay units, box prefabricates in erection and assembly.

Design of prefabricated elements - Lift points beams, slabs, columns, wall panels,

footings, Design of joints to transfer axial forces, moments and shear forces and

design of ferro cement ferro and concrete elements.

Construction techniques, large panel construction - lift slab system, Glover

system, Constains’s Jack - block system, Constain V-plate system, Bison system,

Silber –Kuhi system, control of construction processes.

Equipments for horizontal and vertical transportation.

Reference Books:

1. Hass A.M. – Precast Concrete – Design and applications Applied Science, 1983. 2. David Shepperd – “Plant cast, Precast and Prestressed concrete – McGraw Hill;

1989. 3. Dyachenko and Mirtousky – Prefabrication of reinforced concrete – MIR

Publishers. 4. NBC – 2005 ( Part I to Part VII) BIS Publications, New Delhi

subject code : 12 ccs-11 ia marks : 50 no. of lecture hrs ...vtu.ac.in/pdf/pg2012/ccssyll.pdf ·...

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