Study On Nutritional Status Of 5-10 Years Children And

Knowledge And Practice Of Their Mothers In Rural Areas In

Magway Township, Magway Region

( 2013 )

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Introduction

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1.1 Background Information

• Nutrition may be defined as the science of food and its relationship to health.

• Concerned primarily with the part played by nutrients in body growth.

• Nutritional status is a measurement of how will the nutrients in diet are meeting the physiologic needs of human body.

• About 200 million children suffer from malnutrition and 2 billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies.

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• Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.

• Child malnutrition is the most pressing problem of the world, damaging both children and the nations.

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1.2 Problem Statement• Nutrition is the focal point of health and well-being. • Nutrition is directly linked to human resource

development, productivity and ultimately to the national growth.

• In Myanmar, the study of nutritional status among under 5 years children and knowledge, attitude and practice of their mother in Daungnay RHC in Magway region

71.7 % of mother had low knowledge19.3 % of mothers had median knowledge9 % of mothers had high knowledge level

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• In 2003 , 25 township of Magway region were448 ( 0.8 % ) low birth weight children of 54828

7.7 % of malnutrition in under one year children6.7 % malnutrition in age group of 1-3 years6.2 % malnutrition in under three years 0.5 % severe malnutrition in age of under 3 years children.

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1.3 Rationale and Justification• Nutrition is one the essential factors for health.• Nutrition problem is major public health problem

of community not only in Myanmar but also in the world.

• Children are the future of the nation.• Therefore, child health has become a growing

world wide concern.• All form of children malnutrition are closely

associated with their care takers(mostly mother).

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• Mothers education, knowledge level and feeding practice which concerned with nutrition are very important.

• This study attempt to explore the nutritional status of children and also to estimate knowledge and practice on nutrition among their mothers in rural areas.

• Information on nutritional status of children and associated factors gained from this study may be useful as an effective tool to improve the nutritional status of children.

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CHAPTER ( II )Objectives

• General objective– To study nutritional status of 5 - 10 years children and

knowledge and practice on nutrition among their mothers in Magway Region, 2013.

• Specific objectives– To describe socio-demographic characteristics of 5 - 10

years children and their family– To assess the nutritional status of 5 - 10 years children

by measuring weight and height– To determine the knowledge and practice on nutrition

among their mothers

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- To determine the relationship of between some socio – demographic characteristics, nutritional status of 5 – 10 years children and the knowledge on nutrition among their mothers.

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2.1 Conceptual frameworkSocio-economic status

- Education - Occupation - Family income

Maternal Knowledge

On nutrition

EnvironmentalSanitation

- water supply - refuse disposal - excreta disposal

Health status of children

- previous history of illness - immunization - deworming - personal hygiene

Maternal practice on nutrition

Nutritional status of 5-10 years old children

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CHAPTER ( IV )Research Methodology

4.1 Study designA community based cross – sectional descriptive

study was conducted.4.2 Study area

This study conducted in Magway Region.4.3 Study period

Study period was conducted from February to March, 2013.4.4 Study population

The study population was the children age of 5-10 years and their mothers who have been residing at the selected RHC.

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4.5 Sample size determinationSample size calculated by using the following

formula.n = p q x ( z α / d ) 2

n = 0.5 x ( 0.5 ) ( 1.96 / 0.05 )2

= 384.16 ( nearly 400 ) n = minimum required sample sizez = reliability coefficient ( 95 %

confidencep = anticipated population ( p = 0.05 )q = ( 1 – p )d = required size of marginal error

( absolute precision 5 % point )

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• 4.6 Sampling method and procedure• Simple random sampling method. • children 5-10 years were obtained from the responsible midwife and to collect the children of 5-10 years.• more than one index mother of 5 - 10 years children per household, one was selected by lottery method.• more than one illegible child per mother, mother was asked the last.

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4.7 Data collection method and procedure• by face to face interview with semi structured questionnaires

• Knowledge of mothers about nutrition was assessed by scoring system.

4.8 Instruments for data collectionSemi structured questionnaires was used.

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4.9 Data processing and analysis

• Data entry and analysis was conducted by manually by data master sheet and Statistical Package for social science ( SPSS ) version 15.0 • Calculate frequencies and chi-square analysis.• The result was considered as statistically significant if p value ( p <0.05 ).

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4.10 Ethnical considerations• The general objective of the study, procedure and confidentiality was explained to the study participants before enrolling the, in the study.

• A verbal informed consent was obtained from involved mothers.

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CHAPTER ( V )Finding

We were studied the nutritional status of 5-10 years children and knowledge and practice of mothers in rural areas in Magway Region. We found the data about nutritional status showed by the following tables.

Table ( 1 ) Frequency and percent distribution for age group of mothers

Sr.No

Age group of mothers

Frequency Percent

12

=< 35> 35

186234

44.355.7

3 Total 420 100.0

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Table ( 2 ) Frequency and percent distribution for marital status of mothers

Table ( 3 ) Frequency and percent distribution for education group of mothers

Sr.No

Marital status Frequency Percent

123

MarriedSeparatedDivorced

41145

971.01.2

4 Total 420 100.0

Sr.No

Education group of mothers Frequency Percent

123

Low Medium

High

105195120

25.046.428.6

4 Total 420 100.0

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Table ( 4 ) Frequency and percent distribution for occupation group of mothers

Table ( 5 ) Frequency and percent distribution for type of family

Sr.NoOccupation group of

mothers Frequency Percent

1 dependence 149 35.52 farmer 150 35.73 non-farmer 121 28.84 Total 420 100

Sr. No Type of family Frequency Percent

1 nuclear family 295 70.2

2 joint/extented family 50 11.9

3 three generation family 75 17.9

4 Total 420 100

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Table ( 6 ) Frequency and percent distribution number of family member

Table ( 7 ) Frequency and percent distribution for income group of mothers

Sr. No

No. of family member Frequency Percent

1 <=5 265 63.12 > 5 155 36.93 Total 420 100

Sr. No

Income group Frequency Percent

1 < 50000 138 32.92 50000 - 100000 233 55.53 > 100000 49 11.74 Total 420 100

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Table ( 8 ) Frequency and percent distribution for age of children

Sr. No

Age in completed years Frequency Percent

1 5 58 13.82 6 89 21.23 7 78 18.64 8 73 17.45 9 73 17.46 10 49 11.77 Total 420 100

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Table( 9 ) Frequency and percent distribution for sex of children

Sr. No

Sex of childrenFrequency Percent

1 Male 230 54.82 Female 190 45.23 Total 420 100

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Table ( 10 ) Frequency and percent distribution for education level of children

Sr. No

Edudcation level of children Frequency Percent

1 Not attended 27 6.42 Grade 1 113 26.93 Grade 2 73 17.44 Grade 3 95 22.65 Grade 4 62 14.86 Grade 5 50 11.97 Total 420 100

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Table ( 11 ) Frequency and percent distribution of weight for age of children

Sr. No

Weight for age Frequency Percent

1 Normal 27 61.7

2Mild to moderate

malnutrition113 24.3

3 Severe malnutrition 73 14

4 Total 420 100

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Table ( 12 ) Frequency and percent distribution of height for age of children

Table ( 13 ) Frequency and percent distribution for knowledge score group of mothers

Sr. No

Height for age Frequency Percent

1 Normal 349 83.1

2 Stunning 71 16.9

3 Total 420 100

Sr. Noknowledge score

groupFrequency Percent

1 <= 6 ( low ) 343 81.7

2 > 6 ( high ) 77 18.3

3 Total 420 100

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Table ( 14 ) Frequency and percent distribution of condition for practice of mothers and nutritional status of their

children

Yes No

1 using iodized salted243

57.9 %177

42.1 %420 100

%

2Did deworming to

child regularly352

83.8 %68 16.2

%420

100 %

3Feeding Vit A to

child402

95.7 %18

4.3 %420 100

%

Sr. No

FrequencyPercent

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Table ( 15 ) Frequency and percent distribution of condition for personal hygiene of mothers and their children

always sometimes never

1Wash child`s hand

b/f meal ?244 58.1

%152 36.7

%24 5.7

%420 100

%

2Cut the nails of child regularly ?

315 75.0 %

103 24.5 %

2 0.5 %

420 100 %

3Child wear the

shoes regularly ?258

61.4 %137 32.6

%25 6.0

%420 100

%

4Drink boiled water

?82

19.5 %243 57.9

%95

22.6 %420 100

%

5Wash child`s hand

a/f defication regularly ?

243 57.9 %

159 37.9 %

18 4.2 %

420 100 %

Practice of mothers

Sr. No

PercentFrequency

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Table ( 16 ) Frequency and percent distribution of type of water supply

1 Shallow well 71 16.9

2 Tube well 52 12.4

3 Public water supply

297 70.7

4 Total 420 100

Type of water supply

Sr. No

PercentFrequency

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Table ( 17 ) Frequency and percent distribution of type of latrine

1 Pit latrine 36 8.6

2Sanitary fly proof

latrine369 87.8

3 Surface latrine 15 3.6

4 Total 420 100

Type of latrine do you use

Sr. No

PercentFrequency

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Table ( 18 ) Frequency and percent distribution of type of refuse disposal

1 Dumping 10 2.4

2 Burning 163 38.8

3 Manual pit 247 58.8

4 Total 420 100

Type of refuse disposal do you

use

Sr. No

PercentFrequency

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Table ( 19 ) Frequency and percent distribution for feeding pattern of children per week

None 1 - 3 times 4 -7 times

1 Meat 4 314 102

2 Fishes 17 256 147

3 Eggs 26 209 185

4 Wheat 333 64 23

5 Vegetables 4 40 376

Type of foodSr. No

Feeding by weekly

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Table ( 20 ) Relationship between age group of mothers and weight for age of children

Normal weight

Mild to moderate

malnutrition

Severe malnutritio

n

1 <= 35122

65.6 %62

33.3 %2

1.1 %186

100.0 %

2 > 35140

59.8 % 90

38.5 %4

1.7 %234

100.0 %

3 Total 262 62.4 %

152 36.2 %

6 1.4 %

420 100.0 %

Age group of mothers ( years )

Sr. No

Weight for age of children

Total

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Table ( 21 ) Relationship between education group of mothers and weight for age of children

Normal Mild to

moderate malnutrition

Severe malnutrition

1 Low66

65.6 %25

23.8 %14

13.3 %105

100.0 %

2 Medium112

57.4 % 53

27.2 %30

15.4 %159

100.0 %

3 High 81 67.5 %

24 20.0 %

15 12.5 %

120 100.0 %

4 Total259

61.7 %102

24.3 %59

14.0 %420

100 %

Education group of mothers

Sr. No

Weight for age of children

Total

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Table ( 22 )Relationship between income group of mothers and weight for age of children

Normal Mild to

moderate malnutrition

Severe malnutrition

1 < 5000083

60.1 %55

39.9 %2

1.1 %138

100.0 %

2 50000 - 100000153

65.7 % 75

32.2 %5

2.1 %233

100.0 %

3 > 100000 26 53.1 %

22 44.9 %

1 2.0 %

49 100.0 %

4 Total262

62.4 %152

36.2 %6

1.4 %420

100 %

Income group of mothers

Sr. No

Weight for age of children

Total

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Table ( 23 ) Relationship between occupation group of mothers and weight for age of children

Normal Mild to

moderate malnutrition

Severe malnutrition

1 Dependence111

74.5 %17

11.4 %21

14.1 %149

100.0 %

2 Farmer83

55.3 % 48

32.0 %19

12.7 %150

100.0 %

3 Non-farmer 65 53.7 %

37 30.6 %

19 15.7 %

121 100.0 %

4 Total259

61.7 %102

24.3 %59

14.0 %420

100 %

Occupation group of mothers

Sr. No

Weight for age of children

Total

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Table ( 24 ) Relationship between knowledge score group of mother and weight for age of children

Normal Mild to

moderate malnutrition

Severe malnutrition

1 <= 6216

60.2 %92

25.6 %51

14.2 %359

100.0 %

2 > 643

70.5 % 10

16.4 %8

13.1 %61

100.0 %

3 Total259

61.7 %102

24.3 %59

14.0 %420

100 %

Knowledge score group of

mothers

Sr. No

Weight for age of children

Total

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Table ( 25 ) Relationship between age group of mothers and height for age of children

Normal Stunning

1 <= 35157

84.4 % 29

15.6 %186

100.0 %

2 > 35192

82.1 % 42

17.9 %234

100.0 %

3 Total349

83.1 %71

16.9 %420

100 %

Age group of mothers

Sr. No

Height for age of children

Total

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Table ( 26 ) Relationship between education of mothers group and height for age of children

Normal Stunning

1 Low88

83.8 % 17

16.2 %105

100.0 %

2 Medium161

82.6 % 34

17.4 %195

100.0 %

3 High100

83.3 %20

16.7 %120

100 %

4 Total349

83.1 %71

16.9 %420

100 %

Education group of mothers

Sr. No

Height for age of children

Total

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Table ( 27 ) Relationship between income group of mothers and height for age of children

Normal Stunning

1 < 50000111

80.4 % 27

19.6 %138

100.0 %

2 50000 - 100000201

86.3 % 32

13.7 %233

100.0 %

3 > 10000037

75.5 %12

24.5 %49

100 %

4 Total349

83.1 %71

16.9 %420

100 %

Income group of mothers

Sr. No

Height for age of children

Total

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Table ( 28 ) Relationship between occupation group of mothers and height for age of children

Normal Stunning

1 Dependence130

87.2 % 19

12.8 %149

100.0 %

2 Farmer127

84.7 % 23

15.3 %150

100.0 %

3 Non - farmer92

76.0 %29

24.0 %121

100 %

4 Total349

83.1 %71

16.9 %420

100 %

Occupation group of mothers

Sr. No

Height for age of children

Total

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Table ( 29 ) Relationship between knowledge score group of mothers and height for age of children

Normal Stunning

1 <= 6298

83.0 % 61

17.0 %359

100.0 %

2 > 651

83.6 % 10

16.4 %61

100.0 %

4 Total349

83.1 %71

16.9 %420

100 %

Knowledge score group of

mothers

Sr. No

Height for age of children

Total

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Discussion The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional status of ( 5 - 10 ) years children and also knowledge and practice of mother concerned with nutrition. In our study , most of the care takers are the age of > 35 years ( 55.7 % ) ( 25.0 % ) of the mother were low education and ( 46.0 % ) of mothers were median education level less than 50000 kyats per month ( 32.9 %) and 50000-100000 kyats per month ( 5.5 % ) was the most

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Family type ( 70.2% ). Total number of family member, 265 ( 63.1 % ) of the family had < 5 family members and 155 (36.9 %) of the family had > 5 family member. Nutrition status of children ( 14.0 % ) were severe malnutrition ( 24.3 % ) were mild to moderate malnutrition and ( 61.7 % ) were normal Normal height for age was ( 83.1 % ) and stunning was ( 16.9 % ).

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Summary The study was carried out with the objectives of nutritional status of 5 - 10 years children and practice of their mothers on nutrition. A total population of 420, 5 - 10 years children were studied on nutritional status using exploratory cross-sectional descriptive study design from 1 . 2 . 2013 to 28 . 3 . 2013 in rural areas in Magway region. The subjects were selected by the simple random sampling and weighing the children by bath room scale and asking the mothers with structured questionnaires form.

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In our study, prevalence of malnutrition among 5 - 10 years children were ( 24.3 % ) is mild to moderate malnutrition, ( 14.0 % ) is severe malnutrition and ( 61.7 % ) is normal nutritional status.

According to height for age of children,( 81.1 % ) were normal and ( 16.9 % ) were stunning. There is no significantly association between occupation of mothers and weight for age and height for age of children.

There is no significantly association between knowledge score group of mothers and weight for age and height for age of children.

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Recommendation 1 . Should to be raised assessment of child weight and regular reporting for promotion of nutritional status of children and to receive early diagnosis and prompt treatment. 2 . Should to improved the educational status of mothers in rural areas in Magway region, in the provision of nutritional counseling about proper type of wearing food, malnutrition diseases, nutritive value of locally available foods. 3 . Should to be given health education to mothers about how to child care.

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4 . Should to be educated mothers finely about food habits for change mother’s attitude, traditional culture, and belief, etc. 5 . Should to be encouraged birth spacing in the family. Birth spacing may decrease family size and so may reduce malnutrition.