study of estrus cycle in buffaloes
TRANSCRIPT
Study Of Estrus Cycle In Buffaloes
Dr. Muhammad Awais
Estrus cycle
Cyclic or recurrent set of physiological and behavioral changes that takes place from onset of one estrus period until onset of the next estrus is called estrus cycle.
The age of puberty in buffalo is 36 to 42 months in Pakistan.
The estrus cycle length is 21 days with a heat duration of 12-24 hour.
The ideal buffalo produces a calf every 13 to 14 months.
Poor heat sign Silent heat in the buffalo is one of the most
important unsolved impediments to efficient breeding.
It occurs in the hot seasons. A combination of estrus detection methods
may be necessary for identification of animals in heat.
ovary
Phases of Estrus Cycle
Estrogenic or Follicular Phase:Proestrus + Estrus
Progestegenic or Luteal Phase:
Metestrus + Diestrus
Phases... Phase 1. Pro-estrus (2- 3 days) Just before estrus Growth of follicles under the influence of FSH Follicle gradually produces estrogen Increasing concentration of estrogen causes:
VascularizationSwelling of vulvaProduction of mucus
Buff ovary… Pro estrus
Decrease CL size and color (decreased vascularity) of the regressing CL
The newly developed dominant follicle
Phase II. Estrus (1 days)
Heat period or period of sexual desire The female shows sexual receptivity follicles under go maturation. FSH is at peak and LH starts to secrete Estrogen level is high and Regression of CL of previous
cycle is complete Progesterone level becomes very low. Duration varies from 6- 30 hrs (majority fall in the range
of 17-21hrs) varies from species to species and individual
Phase - II
Characterized by: Primary sign Stands immobile when mounted
Signs of estrus in buffaloes Stands to be mounted
Phase- II Secondary SignsBuffaloes has silent heat, mostly sign Show during Night time.
Behavioral sign Bellowing Increased activity Charging Licking Circling Chin resting Mounting
Physical signsRed vulva
Swollen vulva
Clear mucus discharge from vulva
Signs of estrus in buffaloes
Signs of estrus in buffaloes Transparent mucous discharge from vulva
Signs of estrus in buffaloes Swollen vulva
Phase - II Miscililnous signs
Decreased appetite Decreased milk production Frequent urination
Phase 3. Met estrus. 2- 3 days
Ovulation occurs CL development starts Estrogen level falls and progesterone by luteal cells
increases with the development of CL. The CL is formed by Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
of granulosa cells and partly by theca interna cells which are now called luteal cells.
Metestrus...Ovulation At birth all female calves born with primordial
follicles They never increase but only decreased during life of
the animal As ovulation approaches follicles grow and mature
Ovul...During Growth and maturation the develops as:
1. Primordial follicles2. Growing follicles3. Vesicular follicles
Ovul... Under the influence of FSH and LH follicles
grow and mature Development start in fetal life, remains continue
in young life before and after puberty and even in pregnancy
Follicular growth and development culminating in mature GF and ovulation occurs only in non pregnant animals after puberty during reproductive cycle
Ovul... Circumscribed a vascular area appears on the apex of
the ovary that projects above the ovary This breaks and follicular contents ooze out from
follicle This is because of LH that releases histamine causing
ovarian hyperemia Due to ovarian hyperemia proteolytic enzymes
(collagenase) inters into the follicular fluid This enzymes weaken follicular wall Pressure due to increasing follicular fluid and weaken
wall both causing ovulation
Phase - III Development of Corpus luteum Cessation of heat signs Vulva wrinkled Flow of mucus diminished
Phase IV Di-estrus 11-15 days
CL fully functional uterine glandular system develops for
nourishment of embryo If pregnancy does not occur CL start
regressing Follicles start to grow phase ended with the start of an other
proestrus Fully developed corpus luteum (CL)
Factors affecting the occurrence of estrus in buffalos
Nutrition state Seasonal influence Age Work Transportation Diseases Pathology of Reproductive system