study guide for second midterm

7/31/2019 Study Guide for Second Midterm

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Applied LinguisticsThis is a guide to revise for the second midterm. It covers the topic ofinput, developing system and output. See the answer sheet to checkyour answers.

State whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). If you

tick a sentence as false, explain why.

1. ____ L2 input is encoded with lexical, syntax and morphological items.2. ____ Connections between meaning and form are necessary for acquisitionto happen3. ____ Linguistic development will happen even if the learner is deprived ofinput.4. ____ Knowing which noun is the subject and which one is the object whenhearing a sentence is an example of form-meaning connection.5. ____ Similarities between languages are not considered an important factorthat comes into play in how sentences are comprehended.6. ____ While language is being processed, human capacity is able to hold a lot of

information at the same time7. ____ Pre-fabricated patterns (chunks) are processed differently from words.8. ____ Most of the Grammatical Forms carry meaning.9. ____ Non redundant grammatical forms are more important than redundantgrammatical forms because they may be the only clue to get the most specificinformation in an utterance.10. ____ Internalization is the process in which language is stored in long termmemory as part of learners interlanguage.11. ____textual enhancement is an example of output enhancement techniques.12. ____ Components like the lexicon, phonology, morphology, syntax, etc; arepart of the language learners development system and interact in complexways.13. ____ Communication and language are equivalents.14. ____ Access refers to finding the lexical items and forms to be put together ina sentence.15. ____ Monitoring is a phenomenon that can only be seen in L2 utterances

Fill in the blanks with one item in the box

1) Learners communicative job is to capture the __________ contained in thesentence.2) Language that a learner hears when she or he is not part of the interactionand is not directed to the individual learner is ______________ input3) Input processing consist of at least two sub processes: ______________ and

_____________4) Learners process ______________________________ before function words.5) ___________________ is that space inside human beings brain whereinformation is processed millisecond by millisecond.6) Learners often internalize long stretches of language called ______________ and

store them as large words, without analyzing each component inside them.7) One thing that affects acoustic salience is ______________ .8) Usually, L2 learners tend to interpret the first noun or noun phrase in anutterance as the ___________________, this is called First noun strategy.9) _______________ and _____________ can facilitate learners input processing.10) The learners internalized and systematic knowledge of the L2 which is usedduring communication is called __________________.11) ___________________ is step-by-step information about how something works orhow to carry out something.12) The underlying knowledge of the language that determines theappropriateness of the language use in a given context is knownas_______________ .

competence / working memory / Stress / form meaning connections /

content words / Meaning/ accommodation/ restructuring/ pre-fabricated

patterns / procedural knowledge/ sociolinguistic competence/ negotiation

of meaning / subject of the sentence / parsing / input modification / Non-

conversational /


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13) _______________ and ____________________ are processes that allow thedeveloping system to grow and change.

Choose the best alternative (a, b, c or d)

1) Which are characteristics of conversational input?

I. Language that learners can hear in a communicative context and involvessome kind of oral exchange with other people.II. Language that a learner hears when he or she is not part of the interactionIII Language heard on TV or radio.IV. Some kind of response is expected.

a) II and III

b) I and III

c) I and IV

d) I, II, III, IV

2) Which of the following are characteristics of the Working Memory?I. it has limited capacity to hold informationII. it can process small bits of information at a timeIII. It stores L2 forms and sociopragmatic knowledge

a) Noneb) I and II

c) Only IIId) I, II and III.

3) What is true about the following sentence for beginner students?Yesterday, Peter and Jack decided to take a different road on their way back

home.

I. Learners will process first yesterday because it is a content wordII. Learners will process first yesterday because it carries enough meaning toknow when the action took place.III. Learners will process first decided because the grammatical form edcarries enough information to help them to know when the action took place.IV. Since yesterday and decided inform the learner about when the actionhappened, both will be processed at the same time.

a) Just IVb) I, II, III, IV

c) I and IId) None.

4) What is true about the bold items?a. What are you doing?b. Lastyear, Alan believedthat I was in love with him

I. In the previous sentences, the grammatical form ing is much more importantthan the grammatical form ed for meaning.II. In b, the grammatical form ed is the item that carries more informationabout pastness.III. Learners will tend to process the grammatical form ing before thegrammatical form ed because it is the only source of information about whenthe action is taking place.IV. The grammatical form ing in the example given in b can be considered as anon-redundant grammatical form since it is the only source of information abouttense.

a) Just Ib) I and II

c) I, II, III and IVd) I, III and IV.

5) What is it true about grammatical features (grammatical forms or words)?

a) When they are in the middle part in a sentence they will be more salient, thuseasier to processb) When they are in initial position they will be more salient, thus easier toprocess


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c) The position of the grammatical features in an utterance doesnt affect howthey are processed.d) The acquisition of L2 forms can only take place after receiving explicitknowledge.

6) Interlanguage implies that

I. The internal language system is incomplete.II. The learner may test his or her hypothesis of the language when speaking.III. The language learner has not acquired all the features of the targetlanguage.IV. The learner can hear an unknown word or sentence structure and infer themeaning but he or she might not know how to use it.

a) Just IIIb) I, II and III

c) II, III and IVd) All of the above.

7) A linguistic system can be used for the following purposes:

a) Learning, phonology, morphology and syntaxb) Comprehension, speech-production, learning and social interaction.c) Social interaction, comprehension, grammar and communicationd) Comprehension, speech production and learning.

8) The language system is comprised by three fundamental components:

a) a lexical network, an abstract syntactic system and competences related tolanguage useb) a parsing mechanism, an input device, and a network of sociopragmatic forms.c) Parameter in language variation, formal relationships and a network ofsemantic relationships.d) Pragmatic competence, semantic relationships and properties of syntax.

9) Target language words are connected based on

a) Language variations and abstract properties of syntaxb) Knowledge of the linguistic system.c) Lexical, semantic, and formal relationships.d) None of the above.10) Which of the following statements is true about the accommodation process?

I. The developing system is constantly being asked to make room for a newform into the network

II. The developing system checks to see if the new information is relevant toa particular subsystem or rule within the linguistic competence

III. Information is stored in developmental stagesIV. The connection is strengthened every time that a learner hears the word

in context.

a) I, IVb) I, II, III

c) I, III, IVd) II and IV

11) Which of the following characteristics are associated to output?

I. The focus is on meaningful languageII. Message is not important, only form.III. There is no communicative intentIV. Decontextualized language production

a) II, III and IVb) Just I

c) I and IVd) None.


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Match the followingstatements

1. Making form-meaningconnections means ____2. Intake can be defined as _____

3. Learners process content wordsbefore grammatical forms when

_____4. In order to help to process Non-meaningful grammatical forms

____5. Acoustic saliency refers to _____6. Parsing is ______7. One of the consequences of theFirst noun strategy is

___________8. Interlanguage can be defined as

______9) Creative construction can bedefined as _____10) Reestructuring of a form orstructure ______11)The Processability theoryhypothesizes that ____12) During negotiation of meaningin interaction, learners may be

_______13) Explicit knowledge can play

_______

A. The meaning of the utterancehad to be understood easily, torelease pressure on the workingmemorys capacity.

B. The projection of some kind ofsyntactic structure onto anutterance as we hear it.C. Connecting particular meaningto particular forms (grammatical orlexical)D. Both carry the same semanticinformation (meaning).E. The degree to which L2 soundssticks out of the crowd in anutteranceF. Delayed acquisition of structures

that dont follow the expectedword order.G. A process in which the learnerdiscovers the rules of the targetlanguage.H. Information that is actually heldand process in the workingmemory.I. Integrated system of knowledgeabout the target language thelearners are constructing in theirminds.

J. Speech production rules exist inan implicational hierarchy.K. in a position to notice somethingin the input they had not noticebeforeL. Implicates changes that takeplace in other parts of thelinguistic systemM. Only a supporting or ancillaryrole

study guide for second midterm

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