Exam three study guide (Social Influence/Persuasion, & Prejudice: Chs. 6-10). Per convention, know all about the following including what it is/represents, how it has been studied and could be applied, then come in to class to fill out your bubble sheet for an “A”

Asch’s research on conformity, both new and old (book, lecture and videos) The old is the lines test. And the new is the matching shapes test. Both confirmed that People faced with strong group consensus sometimes go along even though they think the others may be wrong. 95% guessed correctly when alone and 75% went against their own eyes if the group gave the wrong answer.

Milgram’s study and its’ variants. What is peripheral (and central) processing in persuasion (Book/lectures)? It’s the

two ways of processing in persuasion. The ability and motivation to pay close attention is needed to use the central route but if one of it, as in ability or motivation is missing, people tend to focus on other factors rather than quality, such as attractiveness of the communicator or the number of arguments.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Heider’s Balance Theory (lectures) To agree with those we like, disagree with we don’t like that result in feeling of harmony in our world is the theory of balance. Cognitive dissonance theory occurs when our behavior is at an imbalance with our attitude or belief.

What do we know about the relationship between self-esteem and prejudice (lecture)? People with lowself esteem are more likely to be prejudice however, when people with highself esteem who are threatened with failure they are far more likely to be far more prejudice.

Can you explain Festinger & Carlsmith’s (1959) classic study and its’ implications (lecture, book, video)? Basically its to prove that behavior changes attitude as well. People were given a boring task and paid ($1 or $20) and told to tell the next group what a fun task it was. The subjects that received 20 had no problem telling the next group that the task was fun because they didn’t experience cognitive dissonance due to the fact that the boring task was being compensated with the money they received. However those only getting paid $1 had to change their attitude of the task being boring to a more enjoyable one to come at balance because now when they tell the group that this was such a fun task they wouldn’t be lying, they would be telling the truth which brings them back to balance.

Can you describe Heider’s Balance theory (lecture, book)? So for example theres a really hot celebrity that I like and on Tv I see him trying to vote for Donald trump so I’m like hell na (at an imbalance) someone I like is supporting something I don’t like. so im like okay, what’s more important, my political views and how this guy being elected will affect me or this fine ass celebrity. Obviously I make up my mind with the political views and then I change my views of not liking the celebrity to come back to balance. Disliking someone that disagrees with me.

If you believe science is “good” would you be more or less likely to obey an authority figure like that in the Milgram study? There is no correlation between

science and authority figure but one might justify their obedience action to “Im contributing to science”

Why might distracting people be useful in persuasion (book)? Distraction causes the blocking of cognitive response to a message

What does it mean to “subtype” (lecture)? Subgroup under main group. I.e. under women are “femimist” and “stay at home mother”

What is the “minimal group paradigm” (lecture, book) It is in our DNA to favor our own and be distrusting even on minimal categories.(giving money to those labeled as over estimators)

How can distracting people influence persuasion (lecture, book)? How might labeling influence persuasion (lecture, book)? Labeling activates

favorable self-image. It motivates the person to act in ways consistent with self-image.

What are the differences between prejudice and discrimination (lecture, book)? Prejudice is how we feel about something and discrimination is the directed behavior towards that something

Know the key findings and hypotheses of Dr. Short’s study bundled in your text; relationship between racial prejudice and justice towards immigration. Whites that were more prejudice tended to be more aggressive towards the topic of immigration.

Why is stereotyping “normal” human information processing (lecture, book)? Because it helps us navigate this complex, information rich social environment with an economy of mental effort

What does it mean to be low-balled (lecture, book)? When a requester gains commitment in an arrangement and then raising the price to carry out the arrangement

Describe Realistic Group Conflict theory (lecture, book); Why Americans dislike immigrants. refers to how intergroup hostility can occur over limited resources.

What is the outgroup homogeneity effect (book)? labeling and overestimating people outside your group as being similar to one another. Because we generally fail to appreaciate the variety of facial features possessed by members of other racial groups, often because we tend to categorize outgroup members instead of thinking of them individually

Can you describe stereotype threat (book)? If I’m told that black people usually don’t do well on a test I’m about to take, I’m more likely to do poorly on the test. This stereotype threat studies reveal that an individual is at risk of performing below potential level in fear of confirming the negative stereo type held of their groups

How would you describe scapegoat theory (book)? In essence, they use the group they dislike as their target for all the anger. Blaming others for our own inadequacies and others are typically those already hated by society

Can we measure unconscious attitudes (lecture, book videos)? Yes like the implicit association test