The Federal Bureau of Prisons includes __________ divisions that provide oversight of major

Bureau of Prisons program areas and operations.

A) 6

B) 8

C) 10

D) 12

Which Federal Bureau of Prisons division is responsible for the bureau's financial and facility

management?

A) The Correctional Programs Division

B) The Administration Division

C) The Office of General Counsel

D) The Information, Policy, and Public Affairs Division

Which Federal Bureau of Prisons division ensures that national policies and procedures are in

place that provide a safe, secure institutional environment for inmates and staff?

A) The Program Review Division

B) The Information, Policy, and Public Affairs Division

C) The Correctional Programs Division

D) The Health Services Division

A federal prison in Texas is within which Federal Bureau of Prisons regional region?

A) Western Region (WXR)

B) South Central Region (SCR)

C) Mid-Atlantic Region (MXR)

D) Southeast Region (SER)

The most common type of local correction system is ___________.

A) a private institution

B) a city-based correctional system

C) a state-run correctional system

D) a county-based correctional system

Which state uses the term parish to denote a county?

A) Louisiana

B) Florida

C) Pennsylvania

D) Massachusetts

The least common types of local correctional system are ________.

A) private institutions

B) city-based correctional systems

C) state-run correctional systems

D) county-based correctional systems

Which of the following is not a general level of prison management?

A) System-wide administration

B) Regional-level administration

C) Unit-level administration

D) Facility-wide administration

Who is the head administrator in a prison?

A) Major

B) Warden

C) Captain

D) Lieutenant

The __________ style of management is when a supervisor seeks to anticipate and correct

problems before they develop.

A) holding pattern method

B) bureaucratic method

C) participative method

D) proactive method

This style of management used a highly regimented schedule of activities that included the use of

a lockstep marching model of movement.

A) Holding pattern method

B) Authoritarian method

C) Participative method

D) Reactive method

This model of management does not consider input from those outside of the system or

correctional facility.

A) Bureaucratic method

B) Proactive method

C) Reactive method

D) Authoritarian method

This style of management includes opinions and feedback offered from both inmates and staff

when making decisions regarding the operations and governance of the prison facility.

A) Participative method

B) Centralized method

C) Holding pattern method

D) Proactive method

This style of management tends to be reflective of bureaucratic models of prison management.

A) Participative method

B) Holding pattern method

C) Centralized method

D) Decentralized method

__________ planning consists of ground-level planning that is narrow in focus, usually being

structured around the resolution of a particular issue or something that confronts the

agency on a short-term basis.

A) Strategic

B) Tactical

C) Calculated

D) Considered

__________ describes how adept a person is at noticing and responding to the cues and

information that are exhibited by others with whom he or she interacts.

A) Academic intelligence

B) Experiential intelligence

C) Practical intelligence

D) Emotional intelligence

A female officer who cannot get promoted due to unofficial barriers to promotion is experiencing

the ________.

A) fire pole

B) glass ceiling

C) straw stairs

D) trap door

Members of these response teams are the most highly trained and skilled emergency response

security staff.

A) Disturbance control teams

B) Special operations response teams

C) Armed disturbance control teams

D) Mediation control teams

Within the prison, who is largely responsible for developing and implementing procedures for

educational and treatment programs based on departmental policies?

A) The warden

B) The assistant warden

C) A captain

D) A sergeant

This is the management method that includes opinions and feedback offered from both inmates

and staff when making decisions regarding the operations of the prison facility.

A) The holding pattern method of management

B) The participation method of management

C) The bureaucratic model of management

D) The decentralized model of management

Which perspective best reflects that of Chief Justice Warren Burger?

A) Belief in swift and certain punishment and few rehabilitation opportunities.

B) Belief in swift and certain punishment and effective rehabilitation opportunities.

C) Belief in minimal punishment with effective rehabilitation opportunities.

D) Belief in swift and severe punishment with few rehabilitation opportunities.

According to the author, of all the prison programs available for inmates, __________ is perhaps

the most important.

A) drug and alcohol treatment

B) education

C) health care

D) food service

Self-development, communication skills, job and financial skills, interpersonal and family

relationship development, and stress and anger management are all examples of

__________ skills.

A) vocational

B) work

C) life

D) educational

Federal Prison Industries (FPI) changed its name to __________.

A) PREP

B) UNICOR

C) WAR

D) PIE

The origins of labor in prisons can be traced back to __________ jails.

A) Islamic

B) Australian

C) Roman

D) English

Federal Prison Industries (FPI) was a major contributor to all but which of the following war

efforts?

A) World War I

B) World War II

C) Korean War

D) Vietnam War

The Attica Prison Riot, which occurred in __________, drew attention to treatment of inmates

within correctional facilities.

A) New York

B) Pennsylvania

C) New Mexico

D) Florida

Denial or delays in providing treatment, providing inadequate treatment, and a failure to have

qualified medical staff are examples of __________.

A) development interventions

B) minimal services

C) prison vagaries

D) deliberate indifference

This Supreme Court decision indicated that the state must provide inmates with adequate

medical care.

A) Cooper v. Pate (1964)

B) Estelle v. Gamble (1976)

C) LeMaire v. Maass (1993)

D) Hutto v. Finney (1978)

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) addresses issues of

__________.

A) medical care standards

B) medical insurance for inmates

C) co-pays

D) medical privacy and confidentiality

Which Supreme Court case determined that the use of Nutraloaf is constitutional?

A) Cooper v. Pate (1964)

B) LeMaire v. Maass (1993)

C) Hutto v. Finney (1978)

D) Cutter v. Wilkinson (2005)

Who is the author of The Education of Adult Prisoners (1930)?

A) Audrey Bazos

B) Warren Burger

C) Zebulon Brockway

D) Austin MacCormick

Which period in history gave the most public attention to prison-based education?

A) 1980s

B) 1970s

C) 1950s

D) 1930s

There are two types of prison work programs. The first type provides the inmate a trade or a

skill. What does the second type do?

A) Teaches inmates social skills.

B) Keeps inmates productive.

C) Maintains the functioning of the prison itself.

D) Provides the inmates an education.

One view of prison programming is the minimal services view, which contends that inmates are

entitled to __________ that is required by law.

A) just above the bare minimum

B) no more than the bare minimum

C) significantly more than the bare minimum

D) less than the bare minimum

During the 1970s, this act was widely attributed with providing the funding needed for the

recruitment of professional educators in prison systems around the nation.

A) Title IV of the Higher Education Act

B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

C) College Opportunity and Affordability Act

D) Adult Education Act of 1964

The research that has been done indicates that __________ is the most effective approach to

fulfilling the mission of corrections.

A) correctional vocational training

B) correctional education

C) correctional drug and alcohol treatment

D) correctional counseling and therapy

Who sets standards in correctional health care and accredits correctional facilities?

A) National Commission on Correctional Health Care

B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

C) Federal Prison Industries

D) Mothers and Infants Nurturing Together

Which Supreme Court case determined that serving gruel over a period of weeks or months is

unconstitutional due to concerns regarding inmate starvation?

A) Hutto v. Finney (1978)

B) Cutter v. Wilkinson (2005)

C) LeMaire v. Maass (1993)

D) Cooper v. Pate (1964)

Which key policy change negatively impacted the ability of inmates to obtain a higher education

while in prison?

A) Removal of the Office of Correctional Education.

B) Reversal of Title IV of the Higher Education Act.

C) Passing of the College Opportunity and Affordability Act.

D) Funding for the Life Skills for State and Local Prisoners Program.

The primary mode of drug and alcohol treatment that is implemented in most jails is

__________.

A) peer support groups

B) detoxification

C) intensive inpatient treatment

D) therapeutic communities

In detoxification programs, inmate success depends upon ________.

A) the inmate's willingness to remain drug-free after the detoxification

B) following established protocols from drug administration and withdrawal

C) the inmate's frequent attendance at meetings

D) the inmate's willingness to rely on a senior member or sponsor

Alcoholics Anonymous is a peer support group in which sobriety is based on fellowship and

adhering to the __________ steps of recovery.

A) 9

B) 6

C) 12

D) 8

__________ treatment is the most common form of treatment for substance-abusing offenders.

A) Outpatient

B) Intensive inpatient

C) Inpatient

D) Self-help

If a gang member in prison is given solitary confinement for enforcing one of the gang's goals

and not letting prison administrators know details of the gang's activity, this gang

member might get respect from other members of the gang. This gang member gets

respect for his behavior, which reinforces his status among his peers. This could best be

explained through __________ theory.

A) rational choice

B) labeling

C) strain

D) social learning

The first inmate-operated prison newspaper in the world was called __________.

A) The Summary

B) Lockup

C) The Prison Journal

D) The Jaily News

Which event drew attention to the need to provide inmates with a better standard of care,

including recreational options?

A) The Attica Prison Riot

B) The Penitentiary New Mexico Riot

C) The establishment of the National Correctional Recreation Association

D) The passing of the Zimmer Amendment

Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of religion of inmates?

A) Fourteenth

B) Eighth

C) Third

D) First

Which U.S. district court for the District of Columbia ruled that correctional officials must

recognize the Muslim faith as a legitimate religion and not restrict those inmates who

wish to hold services?

A) Theriault v. Carlson (1977)

B) Fulwood v. Clemmer (1962)

C) Cooper v. Pate (1964)

D) Cruz v. Beto (1972)

Which Supreme Court case recognized that prison officials must make every effort to treat

members of all religious groups equally, unless they can demonstrate reasonableness to

do otherwise?

A) Theriault v. Carlson (1977)

B) Fulwood v. Clemmer (1962)

C) Cruz v. Beto (1972)

D) Copper v. Pate (1964)

Which Supreme Court case recognized that it is discriminatory and a violation of the U.S.

Constitution to deny a Buddhist prisoner his right to practice his faith in a comparable

way to those who practice the major religious denominations?

A) Fulwood v. Clemmer (1962)

B) Cruz v. Beto (1972)

C) Cooper v. Pate (1964)

D) Theriault v. Carlson (1977)

__________ established the ability of correctional officials to limit or curtail Constitutional

rights of inmates as long as there is a legitimate penological interest.

A) Cutter v. Wilkinson (2005)

B) Theriault v. Carlson (1977)

C) Turner v. Safley (1987)

D) O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz (1987)

Which Supreme Court case found support for protecting the rights of inmates to practice

nontraditional religions, such as Wicca (nature worship)?

A) Cutter v. Wilkinson (2005)

B) Theriault v. Carlson (1977)

C) Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (2000)

D) O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz (1987)

The __________ requires government respect for, and noninterference with, the religious beliefs

and practices of the U.S. American people.

A) Religious Land Use Clause

B) Establishment Clause

C) Free Exercise Clause

D) Institutionalized Persons Clause

Which type of volunteer is commonplace in most prison systems?

A) Religious volunteers

B) Food service volunteers

C) Recreational volunteers

D) Educational volunteers

Social learning theory is an integration of __________ and behavioral learning theories.

A) ecological

B) labeling

C) strain

D) differential association

Due to budgetary problems within many states, recreational opportunities in many prisons are

largely funded by __________.

A) charitable organizations

B) the inmates themselves

C) inmate families

D) external grants

Research shows that the best means of reducing recidivism among nonviolent drug offenders is

through _________.

A) jail incarceration

B) inpatient drug treatment

C) prison incarceration

D) outpatient drug treatment

Many offenders with substance abuse problems are sentenced to __________ if they are not sent

to prison.

A) intensive supervision probation

B) jail

C) boot camp

D) house arrest

The Life Development Intervention program is a comprehensive approach to linking

__________ to counseling psychology that emphasizes continuous growth and positive

change.

A) religion

B) recreation

C) dietary needs

D) family

Which of the following is a precursor to current-day parole?

A) Executions

B) Imprisonment

C) Punishment by transportation

D) Corporal punishment

Which of the following men is considered the father of parole?

A) Jeremy Bentham

B) Alexander Maconochie

C) William Penn

D) B. Sanborn

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the Supreme Court's opinion about parole-

granting hearings?

A) The parolee has the right to counsel at a parole-granting hearing.

B) The parolee has the right to witnesses at a parole-granting hearing.

C) The parole-granting hearing is a privilege.

D) An inmate has the right to a parole-granting hearing.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _________ that offenders have basic rights at a parole

revocation hearing.

A) LeMaire v. Maass (1992)

B) Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)

C) Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973)

D) Fulwood v. Clemmer (1962)

__________ is defined as the early release of an offender from a secure facility upon completion

of a certain portion of his or her sentence.

A) Probation

B) Amnesty

C) Truth-in-sentencing

D) Parole

About __________ of those on parole are female offenders.

A) 12%

B) 25%

C) 50%

D) 80%

The largest percentage of parolees were convicted of __________ offenses.

A) drug

B) violent

C) property

D) public order

During the 1600s and 1700s, England implemented a form of punishment known as banishment

on a widespread scale. During this time, criminals were sent to the American colonies

and __________.

A) India

B) Egypt

C) Brazil

D) Australia

__________ sentencing is sentencing that includes a range of years that will be potentially

served by the offender. The offender is released during some point in the range of years

that are assigned by the sentencing judge.

A) Determinate

B) Indeterminate

C) Truth-in-

D) Mandatory

__________ sentencing is sentencing that consists of fixed periods of incarceration imposed on

the offender with no later flexibility in the term that is served.

A) Determinate

B) Indeterminate

C) Truth-in-

D) Mandatory

This type of sentencing is grounded in notions of retribution, just desserts, and incapacitation.

A) Restorative sentencing

B) Determinate sentencing

C) Mandatory sentencing

D) Indeterminate sentencing

Maconochie's mark system was a precursor to this current correctional practice.

A) Probation

B) Solitary confinement

C) Intensive supervision probation

D) Parole

Sir Walter Crofton, the director of the Irish penal system, created a classification system. At

which stage of the system did the offender receive a license for release?

A) First

B) Second

C) Third

D) Fourth

During the period from 1930 through the 1950s, correctional thought reflected what was referred

to as the __________.

A) medical model

B) reintegration model

C) crime control model

D) tough-on-crime model

Which era of correctional thought advocated for limited use of incarceration, preferring

probation for nonviolent offenders?

A) Medical model era

B) Reintegration era

C) Crime control model era

D) Tough-on-crime model era

This was the first state to abolish parole.

A) Oregon

B) Minnesota

C) North Carolina

D) Maine

The majority of state parole board members are appointed by the state's __________.

A) Director of Corrections

B) Governor

C) Supreme Court

D) Attorney General

The key concern when granting parole is __________.

A) the probability of recidivism

B) prison populations

C) cost of incarceration

D) public perception

Reentry preparation typically begins __________ prior to the offender's release.

A) two months

B) one year

C) six months

D) nine months

The __________ is primarily tasked with the routine holding of preliminary revocation hearings

by reviewing allegations against parolees.

A) parolee's parole officer

B) parole revocation officer

C) institutional parole officer

D) District Attorney's office

What is the lowest age that the Supreme Court has recently declared a juvenile can be executed?

A) 10 years old

B) 16 years old

C) 12 years old

D) No one who was under the age of 18 when the crime was committed will be

executed.

Which Supreme Court case resulted in a moratorium on capital punishment in America?

A) Furman v. Georgia (1972)

B) Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

C) Coker v. Georgia (1977)

D) Wilkerson v. Utah (1879)

Which of the following is not a contemporary method of execution within the United States?

A) Guillotine

B) Electrocution

C) Gas chamber

D) Firing squad

Who is largely responsible for seeking a death penalty sentence in a court of law?

A) The defense counsel

B) The prosecutor

C) The family of the victim

D) The judge

Which Supreme Court case ended the moratorium on the death penalty?

A) Furman v. Georgia (1972)

B) Coker v. Georgia (1977)

C) Powell v. Alabama (1932)

D) Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

Cruel and unusual punishment is prohibited by the __________ Amendment to the Constitution.

A) Eighth

B) First

C) Fourteenth

D) Fifth

The Supreme Court case __________ held that it is unconstitutional to execute defendants with

mental retardation.

A) Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

B) Furman v. Georgia (1972)

C) Roper v. Simmons (2005)

D) Trop v. Dulles (1958)

This phrase from the Supreme Court decision, __________, was that there existed “evolving

standards of decency that marked the progress of a maturing society.”

A) Furman v. Georgia (1972)

B) Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968)

C) Trop v. Dulles (1958)

D) Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Which Supreme Court case ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional when used with

persons who were under 18 years of age at the time of their offense?

A) Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988)

B) Roper v. Simmons (2005)

C) Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

D) Trop v. Dulles (1958)

In __________, the Supreme Court held that juries, rather than judges, are the body that

determines if the death penalty will be given to a convicted murderer.

A) Roper v. Simmons (2005)

B) McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)

C) Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

D) Furman v. Georgia (1972)

Which state does not have one of the largest death row populations?

A) California

B) Wisconsin

C) Florida

D) Texas

Nearly __________ of offenders on death row do not have a high school education.

A) all

B) one quarter

C) three quarters

D) half

The majority of executions, since the reestablishment of the death penalty, have been defendants

who murdered __________ victims.

A) Caucasian American

B) African American

C) American Indian

D) Asian American

The majority of executions, since the reestablishment of the death penalty, have been

__________ defendants.

A) Caucasian American

B) African American

C) Latino American

D) American Indian

The brutalization hypothesis contends that executions _________.

A) of women are a result of women breaking expectations of a patriarchal society

B) may cause an increase in murders because it reinforces the use of violence

C) are often a result of society's desire for revenge

D) are more likely for those who kill Caucasian Americans than those who kill African

Americans.

Currently, the majority of states (with the death penalty) and the federal government authorize

__________ as the sole method of execution.

A) the gas chamber

B) hanging

C) the firing squad

D) lethal injection

Witness accounts of many botched executions over the years have caused __________ to be

largely replaced with a different method of execution.

A) the gas chamber

B) electrocution

C) lethal injection

D) the firing squad

Of the various execution methods, this one typically takes the longest time to cause death.

A) lethal injection

B) the gas chamber

C) electrocution

D) hanging

A proponent of the death penalty who demands that the offender get the death penalty, because

offenders should be punished in a manner that is commensurate with the severity of the

crime that they have committed, is using which key argument for the use of the death

penalty?

A) Specific deterrence

B) General deterrence

C) Retribution

D) Arbitrariness

An opponent of the death penalty who argues that life without the possibility of patrol serves the

same purpose as the death penalty is using which key argument for the abolishment of the

death penalty?

A) Arbitrariness

B) General deterrence

C) Specific deterrence

D) Retribution

There are three basic types of evaluation. Which of the following is not one of the basic types?

A) Implementation

B) Process

C) Outcome

D) Formula

Which type of evaluation requires that the program be fully implemented before the evaluation

can begin?

A) Implementation

B) Process

C) Outcome

D) Formula

__________ evaluation is aimed at identifying problems and accomplishments during the early

phases of program development for feedback to clinical and administrative staff.

A) Implementation

B) Process

C) Outcome

D) Formula

__________ are more expensive than other forms of evaluation.

A) Implementation evaluations

B) Process evaluations

C) Outcome evaluations

D) Formula evaluations

A(n) __________ is a decision on an issue not resolved on the basis of facts and logic only.

A) objective

B) goal

C) activity

D) policy

Treatment programs that screen clients at intake, complete placement assessments, and provide

counseling to clients are fulfilling a(n) __________.

A) activity

B) policy

C) objective

D) goal

__________ is when an agency's evaluative process allows for an outside person to have full

view of the agency's operations, budgeting, policies, procedures, and outcomes.

A) Evaluative transparency

B) Outcome evaluations

C) Evaluative ambiguity

D) Assessment outcomes

Follow-up data (e.g., drug relapse, recidivism, employment status) are the heart of __________

evaluation.

A) process

B) implementation

C) formal

D) outcome

Agencies that seek to meet high ethical standards must _________.

A) keep some information confidential

B) be transparent

C) keep their workings secret

D) not seek outside perspectives or assistance

__________ is/are the top priority for correctional agencies.

A) Community and institutional security

B) Offender rehabilitation

C) Offender punishment

D) Specific and general deterrence

Agency personnel, the community in which the agency is located, and the offender population

are examples of __________ in correctional evaluations.

A) transparencies

B) stakeholder

C) simplicities

D) evidence-based practices

The author recommends that community supervision be automatically implemented when an

inmate reaches the age of 60 years old, unless the offender is a __________.

A) violent offender

B) property offender

C) drug offender

D) child molester or pedophile

Recidivism of elderly offenders is ________.

A) very low

B) moderate

C) high

D) extremely high

When agencies seek__________, they are making strides to enhance their reputation and to make

a public statement that demonstrates their integrity.

A) more taxpayer dollars

B) private funding

C) accreditation

D) media attention

Hybrid prisons are prisons that are __________.

A) fully funded by state government funds

B) partially funded by both state and private funds

C) fully funded by private funds

D) fully funded by federal government funds

The U.S. correctional population is __________.

A) under capacity

B) decreasing

C) remaining steady

D) over capacity

The use of technology is __________ within the correctional industry.

A) commonplace

B) rare

C) nonexistent

D) outdated

Which of the following themes is not consistent throughout the text?

A) The tendency for technology to have more impact on correctional agency operations.

B) The need for harsher penalties for correctional inmates.

C) The need for continued training of correctional staff.

D) An increased emphasis on the reentry process for offenders.

The highest-quality research support depicted in this chapter (the __________ level) reflects

interventions and practices that have been evaluated with experimental/control design and

with multiple site replications that concluded significant sustained reductions in

recidivism were associated with the intervention.

A) gold

B) silver

C) bronze

D) iron

Evaluation research, which shows that a program has inconclusive support regarding its efficacy,

falls in the __________ level of the Research Support Pyramid for Evidence-Based

Practice Implementation.

A) silver

B) iron

C) bronze

D) dirt