Study Guide: Ancient Egypt

Duncan Winburn

Vocabulary

4. Delta – The part of a river that branches out5. Cataracts – Strong rapids6. Silt – rich soil and small rocks mixed together7. Shaduf – an Egyptian invention that made it

easier to water plants8. Kingdom – A civilization with a person that rules9. Pharaoh – a person who ruled both sides of

Egypt

Vocabulary

10.Papyrus – an early kind of paper made out of reeds

11.Pyramid – a wonder of the world that the Egyptians built in which they buried their pharaoh and put his belongings in the same tomb

12.Hieroglyphics – a way of writing in Egypt13.Mummification – a special way that the

Egyptians buried people

Vocabulary

14.Amulet – A lucky charm that the Egyptians put around dead people’s necks

15.Embalmer – a person who embalmed dead people

16.Book of the Dead – A book that the Egyptians studied to learn about what would happen in the afterlife

17.Obelisk – A big pillar with four sides that has a pointed top

Vocabulary

18. Sphinxes – mythical creatures with a lion’s body and a human’s head

19. Dynasty – a group of people who ruled from the same family

20. Menes – Egypt’s first pharaoh21. Khufu – made the first pyramids22. Ahmose – drove out the Hyksos

Vocabulary

23. Rames II – a giant statue was made for him24.Queen Hatshepsut – The first female pharaoh25. Ramses the Great – A pharaoh that conquered

other places26. King Tutankhamen – Archeologists discovered his

undisturbed tomb 27. Rosetta Stone – a stone slab with hieroglyphics

written on it28. To Barter – to negotiate what to trade and trade it

Short answer

1. The important regions of Egypt are Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. These make up Egypt. Thebes is the capitol of all of Egypt.

2. The Greeks called Egypt “The Gift of the Nile” because the Nile was so important

3. I think that Upper Egypt was more important to a ruler because it had more cities.

Short answer

4. The social structure of Egypt goes like this:The pharaoh was at the topNobles were belowScribes and Craftspeople were belowFarmers, Servants and Slaves were at the bottom

5. The people thought of a pharaoh as a god, so he got blamed for whatever went wrong

Short answer

6. The Egyptians were polytheistic, which meant they believed in a lot of gods. They would make sacrifices, worship them and ask them favors

7. The Egyptians believed in the afterlife because they believed in people’s spirits

Short answer

8. The mummification process goes like this:They open the dead person and take out all of the

organs except the heart and the brainThe heart is left in to keep for the afterlife for weighingThey couldn’t figure out what the brain was for, so they

pulled it out through the dead persons nose and threw the brain away

They then placed a lucky charm around the person’s neck, wrapped the body in bandage, put in a sarcophagus and buried it in a pyramid or tomb

Short answer

9. Pyramids were important because that was where all of the dead people were buried. They stopped building them because robbers kept stealing the dead person’s treasures

10.The type of writing Egyptians used was called hieroglyphics

Short answer

11.Three Egyptian Innovations:1. They invented burial tombs, which people still

use2. They had kings and queens, which people still

used later on3. They invented the first kinds of clocks, which

people renovated later on

Short answer

12. In the Old Kingdom, the Egyptians invented mummification. In the Middle Kingdom, the Egyptians were ruled by Queen Hatshepsut. She was the first female pharaoh. In the New Kingdom, the Egyptians were ruled by Ramses the Great. He conquered other countries and expanded his kingdom.