structure of scientific writing

8/8/2019 Structure of Scientific Writing

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Lincon and Guba, Research proposal is an effort toplan certain possibilities widely without showingwhat will be done related to each of the elements

The functions of research proposal :

* To ensure people how important is the researchto be conducted

* To show relationship of the researcher with theresearch that will be conducted and knowingcompetence of the researcher to do theresearch

* Being a contract document between theresearcher and the funder of the research

* To assure all aspects of the research which havebeen thought are well

* Being a guideline for the researcher to do theresearch


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A research proposal means the main planning

of research that will be conducted to collect

some materials for a scientific writing.

Showing the writers capability to theproblem that will be canvassed and the

approach that will be used in the research

The scope of research is suitable with the

writers field of study Planning of research refers to actual problem

and it has a contribution for the

development of science


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Title

Introduction

* Background

* Scope of research

* Purpose of research

Theoretical review

* Theoretical description* Conceptual frame

* Hypothesis

Research methodology

* Research variable

* Place and Time of research* Data sources or population and sample

* Tools or equipments

* Data analysis

Bibliography


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The characteristics of qualitative

research are showing features and

form of the research, so that the

qualitative research proposal isdesigned in narrative form

creatively and exhaustively by

showing the natural characteristics

authentically


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Introduction

Theoretical review

Research procedure

Organization and research schedule

Research expenseBibliography


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Background

is going to contain by answering questions, whythe research is needed

Research Problemis contained detailing statement about maintopics which will be revealed in the research

Purpose of research

is the planed result that really want to be

reached in the research Research benefit

is showing the research benefit for developmentof science.


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Theoretical review is related to theoretical

study and the other references about value,

culture, and norm that is happening at the

social condition.

There are three criteria for the theoretical

of research :

a. Relevant

b. Most-up-to-datec. Authenticity


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Method and the reason to use it

is going to discuss why the qualitative research is being used Location of research

contains identification of the location characteristic and thereason why the location which will be used

Research instrument

The main instrument in here is the researcher or the members ofthe researchers team

Sample of data sources

is chosen by purposive and snowball sampling

Technique of collecting data

The main technique is observation of participant, interview, anddocumentation study

Technique of data analysisThe data analysis will be done while and after collecting thedata

Planning of validity data test

is contained about the research exertions to get the validity oftheir findings


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Research organization

is telling about job description and available

of time for each of the research members Research schedule

the qualitative research is needed much

time, between 6 months till 24 months


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The expense of research is depends

on level of the researcherprofessionalism, supporter, risk-

level, and how long the research is

being done


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Only references cited in the text are

included in the reference list

The elements which is written in the

bibliography :a. The writers name

b. Publishing year

c. Title and Sub-title

d. Publishing place

e. Publisher name


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The research is using deductive-inductive

approach.

The research is derived from a frame of

theory, experts idea, or the researchersunderstanding based on his or her

experiences, then it is developed to be some

problems together with the problems solving

to get the verification in empirical data format the field


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Introduction

Theoretical review, Frame of

theory and HypothesisResearch procedure

Organization and research

scheduleResearch expense

Bibliography


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Theoretical description

Relevant theories which will be used to

explain about variable of research, thehypothesis base, and designing the researchinstrument

Frame of theory as the conceptual model

HypothesisRelevant to theoretical research and aretypically used only in quantitative inquiry


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Theoretical description

Determining the research methodology and experiments that willbe used

Population and Sample

is being discuss about identifications and subject of research,

procedure and techniques for getting sample, then how is thesample

Research instrument

will be used to measure the variable of research

Technique of collecting data

will be discuss about steps and techniques that will be used to

collect the data, qualification and number of people who aregetting involved in the process of collecting data, the timeschedule to collect the data

Technique of data analysis

will be explain about the kind of statistical analysis which isgoing to use based on the methodology.


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Research organization

is telling about job description and available

of time for each of the research members

Research schedule

will be discuss about the activities which are

going to be done and how long it will be.


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The expense of research is depends

on level of the researcherprofessionalism, supporter, risk-

level, and how long the research is

being done


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Only references cited in the text are

included in the reference list

The elements which is written in the

bibliography :a. The writers name

b. Publishing year

c. Title and Sub-title

d. Publishing place

e. Publisher name

structure of scientific writing

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