STRUCTURE AND PHASES OF MATTER

UNIT REVIEW

By Mrs. Susan Dennison2012-13

What is matter?Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

ATOMS are the basic building blocks of everything you can see around you, and even lots of things you can't see, like the air that you breathe. Atoms are so small that there are millions and billions and trillions in the tiniest speck you can see. Solids, liquids, gases - all matter - are made up of atoms (or other things, like molecules, that are made from atoms)!

What are elements?ELEMENTS are the kinds of atoms that we can have. Carbon is an element, hydrogen is an element, and so is oxygen. (We can call them by their names, or by their symbols - C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and O for oxygen.) All the elements are listed out in a periodic table. If it's in the table, it's an element!

If you stick an oxygen atom in between those two hydrogens, you have a molecule of water - H2O! 

What is mass?The amount of material in an object is called its mass.

What is weight? An object’s weight is the pull of gravity on that object. Mass and weight are NOT the same thing. Weight is measured on a scale. A person’s weight is different on the Earth than it is on the Moon. Mass is measured on a balance.

A sponge and a brick have about the same mass (take up a similar

amount of space), but the brick definitely has more weight!http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/tp1402/tp1402.swf

What is a solid?

A solid is a state of matter that has both definite volume and shape. Its particles are held rigidly in place and do not move around much.

What are liquids?A liquid is a state of matter that has a definite volume, but NO shape. It takes the shape of its container. Its particles are not packed together as tightly as a solid, and they can move around.

What is a gas?A gas is the state of matter that has NO definite shape or volume. Its particles are far apart and are free to move around. Gas can take the shape of its container or float around freely, like air. Other examples include: oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium.

What is volume?The amount of space an object takes up is its volume. Volume can be measured. Volume is a physical property of matter.

What is density?

The mass per unit of volume is called density. Density can be measured. A pure substance always has the same density when measured under the same conditions. Also, changing the shape and amount of a substance does not change its density. Density is a physical property of matter. You can divide the mass of an object by its volume to find the object’s density.

What are physical properties of matter and how can they be

used to identify matter?

Physical properties, such as volume, mass, density, shape, color, texture, size, hardness etc., can be used to identify different types of matter.

What are some physical properties of this applethat you can observe, measure, and record? How areits physical properties different from that of a banana?

How does matter change from one state to another?

1. A liquid can change into a gas in a process called evaporation.

2. A gas can change into a liquid in the reverse process called condensation.

3. Chemical changes can turn substances into new substances. The ability of a

substance to go through a chemical change is called reactivity. The ability of a

substance to burn is called combustibility.

What are other examples of chemical changes?

When iron rusts or a match burns, they undergo chemical changes. Their reactivity and combustibility are chemical changes and the way they can turn into other substances.

What is solubility?Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve. One material forms a solution with another by dissolving.

Sugar can dissolve in hot coffee.

What do you probably already know about the solubility of substances?

Sugar is soluble in water, but pepper is not.

What are mixtures and solutions?• A mixture is any two or more substances that have been mixed together

and can usually be separated back into the original substances.• A solution is a type of mixture that is clear and cannot be separated with a

filter. Most solutions are separated through evaporation.

Chex-Mix is a mixture of cereal, pretzels, and nuts. Syrup is a solution created when sugar is dissolved in water.

I wonder…

Suppose two substances are combined. You observe bubbles forming from the mixture. What conclusion can you draw about what is happening?

A CHEMICAL REACTIONIS TAKING PLACE!

STUDY YOUR SCIENCE NOTES!There will be more information tested. You have a variety of notes, diagrams, and information in your science notebooks to use for this content. Hopefully, you’ve been studying all along and don’t have to cram!