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Phases of Matter

K Warne

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Phases of Matter

_________ +

+ +

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There are _______ states or _____ of matter.

1

2

3

4

_________

_________

_________

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Particles (________ or _________)

• Positions: __________________

• Movement:__________________

• Energy: ____________________

• Forces: _________________________

• Spaces: ________________________

Solid particles ________________________

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Particles (Atoms or molecules)

• Positions: Fixed - Keep Shape

• Movement: vibrate only

• Energy: Low -

• Forces: Strong - attraction and repulsion

• Spaces: Small

Solid particles vibrate about fixed positions.

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Particles (______________________)

• Positions: Continually __________________.

• Shape: Liquids ____________ of their container.

• Energy: ______ than solid - ________________.

• Forces: ____________ - attraction and repulsion

- _______________________.

• Spaces: ____________.

Liquid particles can ___________ one another.

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Particles (____________________)

• Positions: Continually __________________.

• Will fill any container.

• Energy: ________ than liquid and solid - ______ random

motion.

• Forces: ____________ - can ____________.

• Spaces: ______________.

Gas particles move at ____________ in all directions.

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Particles (__________________________)

• Positions: Continually _____________.

• Energy: Higher than ________________ - ________random motion.

• Forces: ______________ - can compress.

• Spaces: ____________.

A plasma is a very high _________state. The ________ have

begun to __________ - electrons are __________, _______ are

formed, energy is given off as electrons ____________ with ions

the substance GLOWS.

+

+

+ +

+

+

_______ (free)

+

________

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Phases of Matter

INC

RE

AS

ING

EN

ER

GY

PLASMA +

+ +

+ +

+

The FOUR states of matter are determined

by the amount of ENERGY availible.

Phases of Matter

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Movemen/

Energy

Spaces

FORCES

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Melting When a solid melts the particles

need to undergo a number of changes:

Solid --> Liquid:

– the spaces between the particles ……………….

– The energy of the particles …………………..

– The forces between the particles are …………………

Each of these changes requires energy to be …………….

The temperature stays …………… because the extra energy is being used to ………………….. ………………………………

Melting

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When water evaporates or boils the water molecules just SEPARATE.

Bonds between water molecules (INTERMOLECULAR BONDS) break to allow

the molecules to escape.

The molecules and bonds INSIDE the molecules do NOT break.

Evaporation and boiling.

Bonds

between

molecules

break.

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Condensation

Condensing

Liquid

Gas When a gas condenses:

– the spaces between the particles decrease.

– The energy of the particles decreases (move slower).

– The forces between the particles are strengthened.

Each of these changes requires energy to be taken out. (Given off).

The temperature stays constant because strengthening forces

releases energy which replaces that which has been removed.

Phase Changes 1

PHASE

CHANGE SOLID LIQUID LIQUID GAS SOLID GAS

NAME

POSITION

SPACES

FORCES

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Phase Changes 2

PHASE

CHANGE

GAS

LIQUID

LIQUID

SOLID

GAS

SOLID

NAME

POSITION

SPACES

FORCES

ENERGY SAMPLE ONLY SAMPLE ONLY SAMPLE ONLY

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Boiling vs Evaporation

Wind

Water molecules with

high energy …………….

from the surface of the

liquid.

The remaining particles

have …………. energy -

lower …………………….

ENERGY IS ………………

FROM THE WATER

(…………………. Effect).

All liquids have their own

…………………… (gas).

This vapour has a

pressure which ……………

with temperature.

When the vapour pressure

equals the pressure

……………………. the

liquid the liquid …………..

GAS

LIQUID

IN BOILING

ENERGY MUST

BE PUT IN.

The temperature

of the water

does not change

as the energy is

used to …………

………………….

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Boiling vs Evaporation

Boiling Evaporation

Similarities

Differences

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Heating Curve Heating Curve Water

020406080

100

0 200 400 600

Time (S)

Tem

peratu

re(C

)

During a phase change the supplied energy

is …………. to overcome forces between

the particles and increase the spaces

between them - the temperature stays the

same so the graph is flat.

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Phases Task • Find out the melting point and boiling points of

the following substances.

• What factors can affect the boiling point of liquids?

Melting Point (oC)

Boiling Point (oC)

water

nitrogen

mercury

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Hi -

This is a SAMPLE presentation only.

My FULL presentations, which contain loads more slides (with all the gaps filled in) as well as

other resources, are freely available on my resource sharing website:

www.sciencecafe.org.za

(paste into your browser if link above does not work)

Have a look and enjoy!

Keith Warne