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  • STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF CAMBRIAN … and Arkansas-Louisiana Gas Company No. 1 Kardosh Crawford Co., Pa. 5 Biery and Johnson Company No. 1 Shaw Warren Co., Pa. 6 Minard Run Oil Company
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"Clinton" sandstone and shale of Janssens (1977) Medina Group 6000 Tuscarora Sandstone R R R R ? ? Tuscarora Sandstone Tuscarora Sandstone Whirlpool Sandstone Cabot Head Shale Grimsby Sandstone Medina Group Queenston Shale 4000 unnamed siltstone and limestone 5000 R R R 7000 R R R Juniata Formation R R 7000 R R R R R Juniata R 12,000 R R R R R R R R R R Juniata ? ? ? ? Juniata Formation Formation Reedsville Shale Reedsville Shale 1000 2000 3000 R R Formation R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R 11,000 12,000 ? ? Bald Eagle Formation Bald Eagle Formation 8000 13,000 Bald Eagle Formation Lost Run Member of Conlin and Hoskins (1962) R R Reedsville Shale Reedsville Shale 13,000 8000 5000 Utica Shale 3 6000 Utica Shale 3 Utica Shale 3 Antes Shale 1 Antes Shale 1 Trenton Group 9000 Antes Shale 1 Antes Shale 1 Trenton Group of Kay (1944a, b) 4 Antes Shale 1 Trenton Group of Kay (1944a, b) 4 Antes Shale 1 B B B B B B B Trenton Limestone B ß marker of Stith (1979) Gull River Formation ? Black River Limestone Wells Creek Formation Black River Group Trenton Limestone Salona Limestone Black River Group B B B B B Black River Group B B B B B B B B B DATUM B B Black River Group Loysburg Formation Coburn, Salona, and Nealmont Limestones, undivided B B B B B B 15,000 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Trenton Group of Kay (1944a, b) 4 B ? ? ? Coburn Limestone Salona Limestone Linden Hall Limestone Snyder Limestone Hatter Limestone Loysburg Formation B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Coburn Limestone 4000 bentonite No. 0 of Thompson (1963) bentonite R of Thompson (1963) Salona Limestone Snyder Limestone Hatter Limestone Loysburg ? Formation ? ? ? B 14,000 B B B Nealmont Limestone F F 1 2 Limestone Nealmont Limestone Linden Hall 5000 ? Coburn and Salona Limestones, undivided Knox Dolomite Krysik sandstone of driller's usage Rome Formation of Janssens (1973) 6000 TD 6440 Warrior Formation of Wagner (1966) lower sandy member of Wagner (1966) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Warrior Formation of Wagner (1966) ? Ore Hill Member (?) 4000 TD 4532 Rose Run Sandstone Member zone of Calvert (1964) B middle dolomite member of Wagner (1966) ? Shadow Lake Formation Loysburg Formation Gatesburg Formation Loysburg Formation Beekmantown Group 11,000 Knox unconformity middle dolomite member B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Gatesburg Formation middle dolomite member 17,000 16,000 18,000 17,000 Beekmantown Group ? ? 15,000 ? ? 16,000 MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN LOWER ORDOVICIAN ? Beekmantown Group ? ? Bellefonte Dolomite FEET 0 1000 FEET 0 6000 7000 ? ? Nittany Dolomite Larke Dolomite Mines Dolomite Member 3000 3000 4000 Mines Dolomite Member upper sandy member lower sandy member Ore Hill Member(?) 10,000 TD 10,036 Gatesburg Formation Gatesburg Formation ? 9000 ? ? ? ? 10,000 Knox unconformity ? ? ? ? Beekmantown Group ? ? 9000 8000 Axemann Limestone 2000 2000 lower sandy member lower sandy lower sandy member 18,000 unnamed shale member Warrior Formation unnamed dolomitic sandstone member ? 19,000 TD 19,360 ? ? ? ? ? Potsdam Sandstone 6 ? ? ? ? TD 11,878 Potsdam Sandstone ? ? ? ? 8000 TD 8031 Potsdam Sandstone 6 Mount Simon Sandstone 6000 TD 6076 TD = Total Depth. TD 6670 B B B B B ? Warrior Formation ? ? ? ? unnamed dolomite member unnamed limestone member 5000 unnamed limestone upper sandy member Gatesburg Formation upper sandy member upper sandy member TD 9398 upper sandy member 7000 ? 5000 3000 2000 1000 FEET 7 ? UPPER CAMBRIAN DATUM Kane arch (defined by Kane gravity high of Diment and others, 1980, and Parrish and Lavin, 1982) TD 18,834 ? DATUM ? ? 3000 2000 FEET OHIO PENNSYLVANIA FEET 3000 4000 Clinton Group FEET 6000 FEET 10,000 FEET 10,000 11,000 STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF CAMBRIAN AND ORDOVICIAN ROCKS IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN FROM LAKE COUNTY, OHIO, TO JUNIATA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA By Robert T. Ryder 1992 Manuscript approved for publication June 4, 1991 ? ARCH ? ? LOWER CAMBRIAN MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC 14,000 B 1000 Revised and Digitized By Robert D. Crangle, Jr. 2002 Black River Group Reedsville Shale Bald Eagle Formation Tuscarora Sandstone ? ? ? member ? B B B B B B B B B B B B marker of Stith (1979) ß 10t Deep Rock Oil Corporation No. A-1 Walizer Clinton Co., Pa. Composite outcrop section above drill hole from Thompson (1963), Rones (1969), Faill and Wells (1977), and Cotter (1982) (Restored about 19 mi (30.6 km) southeast- ward to prethrusting position using section from Faill and Wells (1977); bed thicknesses not corrected for dip) UNNAMED HINGE ZONE 9t California Company No. 1 Snyder Lycoming Co., Pa. 1 Calhio Chemicals Incorporated No. 1 Calhio Chemicals Incorporated Lake Co., Ohio 2 Quaker State Oil and Refining Corporation No. 1 Kemmer Ashtabula Co., Ohio 4 Benedum and Arkansas-Louisiana Gas Company No. 1 Kardosh Crawford Co., Pa. 5 Biery and Johnson Company No. 1 Shaw Warren Co., Pa. 6 Minard Run Oil Company No. 1 Minard Run McKean Co., Pa. 7 Consolidated Gas Supply Corporation No. N-972 Pennsylvania Department of Forest and Water Tract 129 Potter Co., Pa. 8 Texaco Incorporated and Marathon Oil Company No. 1 Pennsylvania State Forest Tract 285 Clinton Co., Pa ALLEGHENY STRUCTURAL FRONT Thrust faults showing about 8.5 mi (13.7 km) shortening (Faill and Wells, 1977) Composite outcrop section above drill hole from Rones (1969) and Faill and Wells (1977) (Restored about 10 mi (16 km) southeastward to prethrusting position using section from Faill and Wells (1977); dip approximately horizontal, thus, bed thickness correction unnecessary) Thrust faults showing about 18 mi (29 km) shortening (Faill and Wells, 1977) Thrust faults showing about 8 mi (12.9 km) shortening (Berg and others, 1980) NORTHEASTERN END OF OHIO-WEST VIRGINIA HINGE ZONE ROME TROUGH (MINOR BRANCH) ROME TROUGH (MAIN BRANCH) Tie with A-A' (R.T. Ryder, unpub. data) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WOOSTER ARCH NW B LOWER SILURIAN Packer shell of Pepper and others (1953) UPPER ORDOVICIAN 4000 MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC Projected from U.S. Gas and Oil Company No. 1 Roulston Ashtabula Co., Ohio 3 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC Fault based on seismic data from Henderson and Timm (1985) MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS SERIES MAP I-2200 SE B' 11t Shell Oil Company No. 1 Shade Mountain Juniata Co., Pa. (Restored about 40 mi (64 km) southeastward to prethrusting position using section C-C' from Berg and others (1980); bed thicknesses corrected for 45° dip above 4540 ft; gamma-ray log above 4540 ft has not been corrected for dip) LOWER SILURIAN Composite outcrop section above drill hole from Conlin and Hoskins (1962) and Horowitz (1965) UPPER ORDOVICIAN 0 FEET MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN LOWER ORDOVICIAN ? ? UPPER CAMBRIAN 1 The Antes Shale was originally named in central Pennsylvania by Kay (1944a,b) and assigned a Middle Ordovician age. Conodont studies by Valek (1982) and Sweet (1984) support a Middle Ordovician (late Shermanian) age for the Antes Shale throughout most of Pennsylvania. However, along the Rome trough segment of section C-C' (Ryder and others, 1992) (fig. 1), the Antes Shale thickens at the expense of the overlying Reedsville Shale and very likely contains rocks of early Edenian age. Therefore, the Antes Shale is generally late Shermanian in age, as suggested in cross section B-B', but, locally, may be as young as early Edenian. The early Edenian age previously assigned to the entire Antes Shale by Sweet and Bergström (1976) in central Pennsylvania and by Ryder (1991, 1992) in northern West Virginia is considered here to be invalid. 2 The Reedsville Shale is extended into the subsurface of Ohio by Calvert (1963, 1964), Ryder (1991, 1992), and Ryder and others (1992). 3 The Utica Shale is extended into the subsurface of Ohio by Fettke (1960), Calvert (1963, 1964), and Ryder (1991, 1992) and into the subsurface of northwestern Pennsylvania by Berg and others (1983). These authors assigned a Late Ordovician age to the Utica Shale. As discussed in Ryder and others (1992) and shown by the thickening of the Utica Shale at the expense of the overlying Reedsville Shale in drill hole no. 4 in this study, the age of the Utica Shale in northeastern Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania should be revised to Middle and Late Ordovician (late Shermanian and early Edenian). 4 The Trenton Group of Kay (1944a,b) shown here differs slightly from Kay's original definition. The difference results because I follow Rones (1969) who moved the base of the Trenton Group of Kay (1944a, b), and the associated widespread unconformity, about 30 to 60 ft (9-18 m) upsection from the base of the Oak Hall Member of the Nealmont Limestone of Kay (1944a, b) to the base of the overlying Centre Hall Member of the Nealmont Limestone of Kay (1944a,b). As redefined by Rones (1969), the Oak Hall Member occupies the upper part of the Linden Hall Limestone. 5 Ryder (1991, 1992) and Ryder and others (1992) assigned a Late Cambrian age to the Rose Run Sandstone Member of the Knox Dolomite because it correlates with the upper sandy member of the Upper Cambrian Gatesburg Formation (Wilson, 1952; Wagner, 1966). 6 The Upper Cambrian Potsdam Sandstone as defined by Emmons (1838) in New York State is extended into northwestern and north-central Pennsylvania as the Middle and Upper Cambrian Potsdam Formation by Wagner (1966). I accept Wagner's (1966) terminology and age for this basal Cambrian sandstone in northern Pennsylvania except that the name Potsdam Sandstone is preferred instead of Potsdam Formation. 7 On the basis of conodonts (Kleffner, 1985), the Packer shell of driller's terminology and the Reynales Dolomite of Piotrowski (1981) and Berg and others (1983) are assigned a late Early Silurian age. DISCUSSION INTRODUCTION Cross section B-B' is the fourth in a series of restored stratigraphic cross sections drawn by the author to show the stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Appalachian basin from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. In addition to providing stratigraphic and lithologic details of Cambrian and Ordovician strata, these cross sections also help to define and delineate the structure of the block-faulted Proterozoic basement rocks beneath the Appalachian basin. Previously completed cross sections in this series are cross section E-E' (Ryder, 1992), cross section D-D' (Ryder, 1991), and cross section C-C' (Ryder and others, 1992) (fig. 1). Section B-B' is about 290 mi (467 km) long. This section is constructed on the basis of eleven drill holes that are from 13 to 52 mi (21-84 km) apart and range in depth from 6,076 to 19,360 ft (1,852- 5,901 m) (fig. 1, table 1). Three of the eleven drill holes bottomed in crystalline basement rocks of Middle Proterozoic age. Drill holes 9, 10, and 11, which are located east of the Allegheny structural front, were restored 10 to 40 mi (16-64 km) southeastward to compensate for tectonic transport along underlying thrust faults (Faill and Wells, 1977; Berg and others, 1980). Section B-B' coincides in part with a cross section through Pennsylvania by Read (1989), which also shows the stratigraphic framework and nomenclature of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata and the generalized structure of underlying Proterozoic basement rocks. Although the sections are similar, one difference is that Read (1989) reconstructed the entire Cambrian and Lower Ordovician carbonate shelf from the inner shelf, now present in the subsurface of northwestern Pennsylvania, to the shelf margin and adjoining slope, now exposed in allochthonous terranes southwest and southeast of Harrisburg, Pa. (fig. 1). In contrast, section B-B' extends across the inner to middle part of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician carbonate shelf and terminates several tens of miles southeast of the Allegheny structural front where drilled and exposed strata have experienced only a modest amount of tectonic shortening (Berg and others, 1980). Section B-B' also differs from Read's (1989) section in that it shows more lithologic and nomenclatural details of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata and includes the entire Cambrian and Ordovician sequence. METHODOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE Whereas borehole geophysical logs were used to establish correlations between drilled stratigraphic units in section B-B', lithologic logs, which were described largely by the Geological Sample Log Company (Pittsburgh, Pa.), were used to establish lithofacies patterns between drill holes. Correlations and lithofacies information in central Pennsylvania were supplemented locally by measured outcrop sections reported by Thompson (1963), Rones (1969), Faill and Wells (1977), and Cotter (1982). Section B-B' has been restored to a horizontal datum located at the base of a widespread 60- to 90-ft (18- to 27-m)-thick micritic limestone located at the base of the Gull River Formation in northwesternmost Pennsylvania, and in the middle of the Loysburg Formation in north- central and central Pennsylvania. I selected this micritic limestone as the datum horizon for section B-B' because it appears to be the most widespread and easily recognizable subsurface marker unit in the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence of the central Appalachian basin. Metabentonite beds in the Black River Limestone (Group) and Trenton Group are good marker units, but they cannot be traced with as much confidence as the micritic limestone unit. In addition, the shallow marine origin of the micritic limestone and its proximity to the widespread Knox unconformity, when used as datum, permits a reliable restoration of the pre-unconformity structural configuration of the block-faulted basement rocks. Most of the stratigraphic nomenclature used in section B-B' follows the nomenclature used by Ryder and others (1992) in adjoining section C-C'. The reader is referred to that paper for a more detailed discussion of Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphy in central and western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. Existing nomenclature established by the Ohio and Pennsylvania Geological Surveys is preferred here and in Ryder and others (1992), but in certain places modifications and additions are recommended. At some localities in section B-B', footnotes clarify the use of specific stratigraphic terms. The following stratigraphic investigations of Cambrian and (or) Ordovician strata were particularly applicable to this investigation: (1) Calvert (1962, 1963, 1964, 1965), Janssens (1973), Stith (1979), and Wickstrom and Gray (1988) in Ohio and (2) Berg and others (1983), Rones (1969), Thompson (1963), and Wagner (1966, 1976) in Pennsylvania. The correlation chart (fig. 2) shows the chronostratigraphic position of Cambrian and Ordovician units identified in selected tectonic provinces along section B-B' and summarizes the nomenclature assigned to them. Moreover, this chart compares the nomenclature and chronostratigraphic position of Cambrian and Ordovician units with those in the adjoining Lebanon Valley allochthon and Reading Prong (Berg and others, 1983; MacLachlan and Root, 1966). European chronostratigraphic units (for example, Tremadocian through Ashgillian Stages) commonly do not apply to the cratonal and platformal Ordovician rocks of North America (Ross and others, 1984). Therefore, in this paper I apply North American chronostratigraphic units used by Barnes and others (1981) and Ross and others (1982) rather than the European chronostratigraphic units used by Palmer (1983), Berg and others (1983), and the Correlation of Stratigraphic Units of North America (COSUNA) charts (for example, see Patchen and others, 1984). My correlation chart (fig. 2) subdivides the Ordovician System into the Lower, Middle, and Upper North American Series of Barnes and others (1981) and equates the Ibexian, Whiterockian and Mohawkian combined, and Cincinnatian Series of Ross and others (1982), respectively. In addition, because of its well- established usage in North America, the Canadian Series of Barnes and others (1981) is shown as being equivalent to the Ibexian Series of Ross and others (1982). By equating the Ibexian (Canadian) Series with the Lower Ordovician Series, both the Whiterockian and Mohawkian Series with the Middle Ordovician Series, and the Cincinnatian Series with the Upper Ordovician Series, I am in agreement with many Ordovician specialists in North America such as Miller (1984), Repetski (1985), Sweet and Bergström (1986), and Shaw and others (1990). The Blackriveran through Gamachian Stages of the Ordovician (fig. 2) follow those defined by Barnes and others (1981) and Ross and others (1982). The Chazyan as used by Barnes and others (1981) is retained in this paper as a formal stage because of its long-time usage in eastern North America. In contrast, Ross and others (1982) recognized the Chazyan as a chronostratigraphic unit of historical interest rather than a formal stage of the Ordovician System. BASEMENT STRUCTURE Details of the structural configuration of block-faulted Middle Proterozoic basement rocks underlying the Appalachian basin in Pennsylvania are poorly understood because (1) few drill holes have penetrated the sedimentary cover, (2) magnetic and gravity data have not been calibrated to known basement rock types and structures, and (3) very few seismic profiles have been published. Most interpretations show the northeast-trending, fault-controlled Rome trough as the dominant tectonic element of basement structure in Pennsylvania (Wagner, 1976; Harris, 1978; Beardsley and Cable, 1983; Harper, 1989; Read, 1989; Ryder and others, 1992). The Rome trough also is recognized in this report, but here it consists of several moderate- to low-relief grabens and intervening horsts. The basement-involved normal faults and adjoining fault blocks interpreted by me on section B-B' are based on published seismic lines (Beardsley and Cable, 1983; Henderson and Timm, 1985), gravity data (Diment and others, 1980; Parish and Lavin, 1982), and thickness changes in drilled Cambrian and Ordovician strata. Because the basement faults underlying section B-B' are based on limited data, and thus are highly conjectural, they are shown on figure 1 as 50- to 150-mi (80- to 240-km)- long, incomplete line segments. From northwest to southeast, I suggest that the following basement-involved structures are crossed by section B-B': (1) the Wooster arch of Coogan and Maki (1988); (2) the northeastern end of the Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone of Ryder (1991, 1992) and Ryder and others (1992); (3) the minor branch of the Rome trough; (4) the Kane arch (named here) that is defined by the Kane gravity high of Diment and others (1980) and Parrish and Lavin (1982) and was interpreted as a positive basement block by Parrish and Lavin (1982) and Harper (1989); (5) the main branch of the Rome trough (the Olin basin of Wagner, 1976); (6) the Northeastern Pennsylvania arch (named here) that borders the northwestern flank of the Scranton gravity high of Diment and others (1972); and (7) a major unnamed hinge zone that overlaps the southeastern margin of the Northeastern Pennsylvania arch along which Middle Proterozoic basement has been downdropped and estimated 500 to 1,500 ft (152-457 m) along one or more down-to-southeast normal faults (fig. 1). A 15- to 30-mi (24- to 48-km)-wide, northeast-trending low intensity magnetic anomaly recognized by Zietz and others (1980) and Culotta and others (1990) coincides with a large part of the minor branch of the Rome trough. Culotta and others (1990) suggested that this low intensity magnetic anomaly, a part of their Amish anomaly, marks a suture zone in the Grenville orogenic belt. REFERENCES CITED Barnes, C.R., Norford, B.S., and Skevington, David, 1981, The Ordovician System in Canada, correlation chart and explanatory notes: International Union of Geological Sciences Publication 8, 27 p. Beardsley, R.W., and Cable, M.S., 1983, Overview of the evolution of the Appalachian basin: Northeastern Geology, v. 5, no. 3/4, p. 137-145. Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R., Glover, A.D., Hoskins, D.M., MacLachlan, D.B., Root, S.I., Sevon, W.D., and Socolow, A.A., compilers, 1980, Geologic map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topo- graphic and Geologic Survey Map 1, 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000. Berg, T.M., McInerney, M.K., Way, J.H., and MacLachlan, D.B., 1983, Stratigraphic correlation chart of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey General Geology Report 75, 1 sheet. Calvert, W.L., 1962, Sub-Trenton rocks from Lee County, Virginia, to Fayette County, Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 45, 57 p. ----------1963, Sub-Trenton rocks of Ohio in cross sections from West Virginia and Pennsylvania to Michigan: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 49, 5 p. ----------1964, Cambrian erosional remnants yield oil in central Ohio: World Oil, v. 158, no. 4, p. 78, 80, 82, 84. ----------1965, Cambrian correlations in the Appalachian region, with emphasis on Ohio: Ontario Petroleum Institute, 4th Annual Conference Technical Paper 2, v. 4, 11 p. Conlin, R.R., and Hoskins, D.M., 1962, Geology and mineral resources of the Mifflintown quadrangle: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Atlas A126, 46 p., 1 map, scale 1:24,000. Coogan, A.H., and Maki, M.U., 1988, Knox unconformity in the subsurface of northern Ohio: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 271-280. Cotter, Edward, 1982, Tuscarora Formation in Pennsylvania, in Guidebook for the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Eastern Section Field Trip, 105p. Culotta, R.C., Pratt, T., and Oliver, J., 1990, A tale of two sutures: COCORP's deep seismic surveys of the Grenville province in the eastern U.S. midcontinent: Geology, v. 18, no. 7, p. 646-649. Diment, W.H., Urban, T.C., and Revetta, F.A., 1972, Some geophyscial anomalies in the Eastern United States, in Robertson, E.C., ed., The nature of the solid earth: New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 544-572. Diment, W.H., Muller, O.H., and Lavin, P.M., 1980, Basement tectonics of New York and Pennsylvania as revealed by gravity and magnetic studies, in Wones, D.R., ed., Proceedings, The Caledonides in the USA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute Department of Geological Sciences Memoir 2, p. 221- 227. Emmons, Ebenezer, 1838, New York Natural History Survey: New York Geological Survey 2nd Report, v. 2, p. 185-250. Faill, R.T., and Wells, R.B., 1977, Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Linden and Williamsport quadrangle, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Atlas 134ab, 66 p., 1 map, scale 1:24,000. Fettke, C.R., 1960, Well-sample descriptions in northwestern Pennsylvania and adjacent states: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Bulletin M40, 691 p. Harper, J.A., 1989, Effects of recurrent tectonic patterns on the occurrence and development of oil and gas resources in western Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 225-245. Harris, L.D., 1978, The eastern interior aulacogen and its relation to Devonian shale-gas production, in Second eastern gas shales symposium, v. II: Morgantown Energy Technology Center, U.S. Department of Energy, p. 55-72. Henderson, G.J., and Timm, C.M., 1985, Ordovician stratigraphic hydrocarbon entrapment potential of Appalachia: Oil and Gas Journal, v. 83, no. 17, p. 118-121. Horowitz, D.H., 1965, Petrology of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian rocks in the central Appalachians: University Park, Pennsylvania State University, Ph.D. thesis, 221 p. Janssens, Adriaan, 1973, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 64, 197 p. ----------1977, Silurian rocks in the subsurface of northwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 100, 96 p. Kay, G.M., 1944a, Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 1-23. ----------1944b, Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 97-116. Kleffner, M.A., 1985, Conodont biostratigraphy of the stray "Clinton" and "Packer Shell" (Silurian, Ohio subsurface) and its bearing on correlation, in The new Clinton collection-1985: Columbus, Ohio, Ohio Geological Society, p. 221-230. MacLachlan, D.B., and Root, S.I., 1966, Comparative tectonics and stratigraphy of the Cumberland and Lebanon valleys: Guidebook for 31st Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, 90 p. Miller, J.F., 1984, Cambrian and earliest Ordovician conodont evolution biofacies and provincialism, in Clark, D.L., ed., Conodont biofacies and provincialism: Geological Society of America Special Paper 196, p. 43-68. Palmer, A.R., compiler, 1983, The Decade of North American Geology 1983 Geologic Time Scale: Geology, v. 11, no. 9, p. 503-504. Parrish, J.B., and Lavin, P.M., 1982, Tectonic model for kimberlite emplacement in the Appalachian Plateau of Pennsylvania: Geology, v. 10, no. 7, p. 344-347. Patchen, D.G., Avary, K.L., and Erwin, R.B., coordinators, 1984, Correlation of stratigraphic units in North America, Northern Appalachian Region Correlation Chart: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1 sheet. Pepper, J.F., de Witt, Wallace, Jr., and Everhart, G.M., 1953, The "Clinton" sands of Early Silurian age in Canton, Dover, Massillon, and Navarre quadrangles, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1003-A, 15 p. Piotrowski, R.G., 1981, Geology and natural gas production of the Lower Silurian Medina Group and equivalent rock units in Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Mineral Resources Report 82, 21 p., 11 pls. Read, J.F., 1989, Evolution of Cambro-Ordovician passive margin, U.S. Appalachians, in Rankin, D.W., Drake, A.A., Jr., Glover, L., III, Goldsmith, R., Hall, L.M., Murray, D.P., Ratcliffe, N.M., Read, J.F., Secor, D.T., Jr., and Stanley, R.S., Pre-orogenic terranes, in Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Thomas, W.A., and Viele, G.W., eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 42-57. Repetski, J.E., 1985, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Knox Group at the Thorn Hill and River Ridge sections, northeastern Tennessee, in Walker, K.R., ed., The geologic history of the Thorn Hill Paleozoic section (Cambrian-Mississippian), eastern Tennessee: University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences Studies in Geology 10, p. 25-31. Rones, Morris, 1969, A lithostratigraphic, petrographic and chemical investigation of the lower Middle Ordovician carbonate rocks in central Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey General Geology Report G53, 224 p. Root, S.I., 1968, Geology and mineral resources of southeastern Franklin County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Atlas 119cd, 118 p., 1 map, scale 1:24,000. Root, S.I., and Hoskins, D.M., 1977, Lat 40° N. fault zone, Pennsylvania; A new interpretation: Geology, v. 5, no. 12, p. 719-723. Ross, R.J., Jr., Alder, F.J., Amsden, T.W., Bergström, Douglas, Bergström, S.M., Carter, Claire, Churkin, Michael, Cressman, E.A., Derby, J.R., Dutro, J.T., Jr., Ethington, R.L., Finney, S.C., Fisher, D.W., Fisher, J.H., Harris, A.G., Hintze, L.F., Ketner, K.B., Kolata, D.L., Landing, Ed, Newman, R.B., Sweet, W.C., Pojeta, John, Jr., Potter, A.W., Rader, E.K., Repetski, J.E., Shaver, R.H., Thompson, T.L., and Webers, G.F., 1982, The Ordovician System in the United States: International Union of Geological Sciences Publication No. 12, 73 p. Ross, R.J., Jr., Bergström, S.M., and Derby, J.R., 1984, Comment on "The Decade of North American Geology 1983 Geologic Time Scale": Geology , v. 12, no. 8, p. 505-506. Ryder, R.T., 1991, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Richland County, Ohio, to Rockingham County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2264. ----------1992, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Morrow County, Ohio, to Pendleton County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839-G, p. G1-G25. Ryder, R.T., Harris, A.G., and Repetski, J.E., 1992, Restored stratigraphic section C-C' from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and south-central Pennsylvania, to Hampshire County, West Virginia, showing the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839-K, p. K1-K32. Shaw, T.H., Roberson, K.E., and Harris, A.G., 1990, Lithostratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy across the Lower-Middle Ordovician disconformity (early to middle Whiterockian) at Pratt Ferry, central Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1895-C, p. C1-C19. Shumaker, R.C., 1986, The effect of basement structure on sedimentation and detached structural trends within the Appalachian basin, in McDowell, R.C., and Glover, Lynn, III, eds., The Lowry Volume: Studies in Appalachian geology: Virginia Tech Department of Geologic Sciences Memoir 3, p. 67-81. Stith, D.A., 1979, Chemical composition, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Black River Group (Middle Ordovician), southwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 113, 36 p. Sweet, W.C., 1984, Graphic correlation of upper Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks, North American midcontinent province, U.S.A., in Bruton, D.L., ed., Aspects of the Ordovician System: Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo No. 295, Universitets-forlaget, p. 23-25. Sweet, W.C., and Bergström, S.M., 1976, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Ordovician of the United States midcontinent, in Bassett, M.G., ed., The Ordovician System, Proceedings of Paleontological Association Symposium, Birmingham, England, 1974: University of Wales Press, p. 121-151. ----------1986, Conodonts and biostratigraphic correlation: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 14, p. 85-112. Thompson, R.R., 1963, Lithostratigraphy of the Middle Ordovician Salona and Coburn Formations in central Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Bulletin G38, 154 p. Valek, K.W., 1982, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Salona and Coburn Formations in the Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania: Columbus, Ohio State University, M.S. thesis, 70 p. Wagner, W.R., 1966, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian to Middle Ordovician rocks of central and western Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Bulletin G49, 156 p. ----------1976, Growth faults in Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks of western Pennsylvania: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 60, no. 3, p. 414-427. Wickstrom, L.H., and Gray, J.D., 1988, Geology of the Trenton Limestone in nothwestern Ohio, in Keith, B.D., ed., The Trenton Group (Upper Ordovician Series) of eastern North America: Deposition, diagenesis, and petroleum: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology Series 29, p. 159-172. Wilson, J.L., 1952, Upper Cambrian stratigraphy in the central Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. 275-322. Zietz, Isidore, Gilbert, F.P., and Kirby, J.R., Jr., 1980, Aeromatic map of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and parts of New Jersey and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP-927, 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Dominant Lithology Sandstone, red Siltstone Siltstone, red Shale, red Shale, dark gray and (or) black Shale, gray and (or) green Dolomite Limestone Metabentonite Sandstone Lithologic Modifiers (Used in conjunction with Dominant Lithology) Sandy Silty Argillaceous, gray and (or) green EXPLANATION Anhydritic Oolitic Cherty Conglomeratic IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS Granite and (or) granite gneiss Schist and diorite OTHER SYMBOLS Contact—Queried where uncertain Informal marker bed—Queried where uncertain Datum—Micritic limestone at base of Black River Limestone (Ohio), at base of Gull River Formation (northwestern Pennsylvania), and in middle of Loysburg Formation (north-central Pennsylvania) Unconformity—Queried where uncertain Cored intervals in drill holes 1, 8, and 11t Fault based on seismic data from Beardsley and Cable (1983); M.S. Cable (written commun., Columbia Natural Resources, 1990) ? PENNSYLVANIA NORTHEASTERN ? Reynales Dolomite of Piotrowski (1981) and Berg and others (1983) 7 FEET 5000 Tectonic Provinces in Ohio and Pennsylvania (along section B-B') ? Numerical time scale (Ma) Palmer (1983) Eon Era System 438 North American chronostratigrahic units modified after Barnes and others (1981), Ross and oth- ers (1982), and Palmer (1983) Series Stage 448 Upper Cincinnatian Rich- mondian and Gamachian Mays- villian Edenian Sher- manian Kirk- fieldian Rock- landian Black- riveran Chazyan Mohawkian White- rockian Middle Ordovician 478 505 523 540 570 900 Proterozoic Late Middle Lower Middle Cambrian Lower Ibexian (Canadian) Trempea- leauan Franco- nian Dres- bachian Upper P h a n e r o z o i c P a l e o z o i c Wooster arch West side of the Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone (northeastern end) Rome trough (main branch) Allegheny structural front and adjoining Valley and Ridge province East of B-B' Lebanon Valley alloch- thon and adjoining Reading Prong, Lebanon Co., Pa.; from MacLachlan and Root (1966) and Berg and others (1983) Queenston Shale unnamed siltstone and limestone Juniata Formation Juniata Formation Juniata Formation Reedsville Shale Reedsville Shale Reedsville Shale Reedsville Shale Martinsburg Formation Utica Shale Utica Shale Trenton Limestone Trenton Limestone Coburn, Salona, and Nealmont Limestones, undivided Coburn Limestone Salona Ls. Nealmont Ls. Hatter Limestone Linden Hall & Snyder Ls., undiv. Loysburg Formation Loysburg Formation Black River Group Black River Group Loysburg Formation Black River Group Black River Limestone ß marker ß marker equivalent to ß marker bentonite No. 0 bentonite R Trenton Group of Kay (1944a,b) Antes Shale Antes Shale Trenton Group of Kay (1944a,b) Hershey Limestone Myerstown Formation Annville Limestone Ontelaunee Formation Epler Formation Beekmantown Group Rickenbach Dolo. Stonehenge Limestone upper dolomite member middle ls. mbr. Richland Formation Conococheague Group lower sandy dolomite member Millbach Formation Schaefferstown Fm. Snitz Creek Fm. Buffalo Springs Formation ? Leithsville Formation Hardyston Formation Beekmantown Group Beekmantown Group ? Bellefonte Dolomite Axemann Limestone Nittany Dolomite Larke Dolomite Mines Dolomite Member Metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Grenville orogenic belt ? ? Mount Simon Sandstone Potsdam Sandstone Knox Dolomite of Janssens (1973) B zone of Calvert (1964) Krysik ss. of driller's usage Rome Formation of Janssens (1973) ? Potsdam Sandstone ? ? ? Warrior Formation of Wagner (1966) lower sandy member middle dolomite member Gatesburg Formation Gatesburg Formation upper sandy member upper sandy member middle dolomite member lower sandy member unnamed shale mbr. unnamed dolomitic sandstone member unnamed dolomitic member unnamed ls. mbr. unnamed ls. lower sandy member upper sandy member Ore Hill Member (?) Gatesburg Formation Wells Creek Formation Rose Run Sandstone Member Warrior Fm. Beekmantown Group Warrior Fm. Figure 2.—Correlation chart of Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician rocks along section B-B' and in the adjoining Lebanon Valley allochthon and Reading Prong of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. Absolute age (in Ma) is taken from the Geological Time Scale compiled by Palmer (1983). The time scale is nonlinear. North American chronostratigraphic units are modified after Barnes and others (1981), Ross and others (1982), and Palmer (1983). Metabentonite Hiatus EXPLANATION Number Name Location Permit number Lithologic log Cored intervals (formation) Total depth (ft) Ages of oldest rocks drilled (formation) 1 Calhio Chemicals Incorporated No. 1 Calhio Chemicals Incorporated Perry Township, Lake County, Ohio 142 5,357-5,417 ft (Wells Creek Formation and Knox Dolomite) 6,065-6,076 ft (Middle Proterozoic basement rocks) 6,076 Middle Proterozoic. 1 Yes 1 2 Quaker State Oil and Refining Corporation No. 1 Kemmer Jefferson Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio 6,440 Late Cambrian (Rome Formation of Janssens, 1973). 213 Yes 1 3 U.S. Gas and Oil Company No. 1 Roulston Morgan Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio 286 6,670 Middle Proterozoic. Yes 1 4 Benedum and Arkansas- Louisiana Gas Company No. 1 Kardosh Linesville quadrangle, Crawford County, Pa. 20007 8,031 Middle Proterozoic. Yes 1 5 Biery and Johnson Company No. 1 Shaw Cobham quadrangle, Warren County, Pa. 281 9,398 Late Cambrian (Gatesburg Formation). Yes 1 6 Minard Run Oil Company Minard Run Derrick City quadrangle, McKean County, Pa. 2529 Yes 1 11,878 Middle and Late Cambrian (Potsdam Sandstone of Wagner, 1966). 7 Consolidated Gas Supply Corporation No. N-972 Pennsylvania Department of Forest and Water Tract 129 Tamarack quadrangle, Potter County, Pa. 182 Yes 1 18,834 Middle and Late Cambrian (Potsdam Sandstone of Wagner, 1966). 8 Texaco Incorporated and Marathon Oil Company No. 1 Pennsylvania State Forest Tract 285 Glen Union quadrangle, Clinton County, Pa. 20276 Yes 1 15,084-15,143 ft (Black River Group) 15,883-15,942 ft (Beekmantown Group) 17,600-17,620 ft 17,620-17,650 ft 17,965-17,999 ft (Gatesburg Formation) 19,360 Middle and Late Cambrian (Warrior Formation). 9 California Company No. 1 Snyder Linden quadrangle, Lycoming County, Pa. S-1 Yes 1, 2 5,808 Middle and Late Cambrian 10 Deep Rock Oil Corporation No. A-1 Walizer Loganton quadrangle, Clinton County, Pa. S-1 Yes 1, 2 4,532 Late Cambrian (Gatesburg Formation). 11 Shell Oil Company No. 1 Shade Mountain McClure quadrangle, Juniata County, Pa. 1 Yes 1 7,550-7,560 ft (Beekmantown Group) 10,010-10,036 ft (Gatesburg Formation) 10,036 Late Cambrian (Gatesburg Formation). Table 1. - Descriptions of drill holes used to construct section B-B' Sources of lithologic logs: 1 Geological Sample Log Company, Pittsburg, PA 15234. 2 Wagner (1966). R R Argillaceous, red B B Argillaceous, dark gray and (or) black Calcareous Dolomitic F 1 F 2 Normal fault—Arrow shows relative movement Thrust faults of the Alleghanian orogeny— Postdate restored section B-B' Macrofossil-bearing interval reported in Thompson (1963) Macrofossil-bearing interval reported in Rones (1969) Gas production 20 MILES 30 KILOMETERS METERS FEET 2000 500 1000 250 0 0 10 10 20 MIDDLE CAMBRIAN Gatesburg Formation 84° 83° 82° 81° 80° 79° 78° 77° 76° 75° 41° 40° 39° 85° 38° 86° 37° CUMBERLAND SADDLE 36° 35° 86° 35° 84° 85° NORTH CAROLINA 83° 36° 82° 80° 81° 37° 79° 38° 78° 39° 77° 40° 76° 41° 75° FINDLAY ARCH WOOSTER ARCH OF COOGAN AND MAKI (1988) UNNAMED ARCH OF SHUMAKER (1986) OHIO PENNSYLVANIA Me A E C A' ? 4 2 3 W 5 6 Mc KANE ARCH Po Ly 7 8 Cl ? NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA ARCH ? UNNAMED HINGE ZONE ? ? ? ? 9t 9 10 10t 11 FRONT LATITUDE 40° N. FAULT ZONE OF ROOT AND HOSKINS (1977) t t t J 11 Harrisburg LEBANON VALLEY ALLOCH- THON OF MacLACHLAN AND ROOT (1966) L READING PRONG 11t B' CARBAUGH-MARSH CREEK FAULT OF ROOT (1968) PENNSYLVANIA MARYLAND C O U N T I E S OHIO A Ashtabula L Lake PENNSYLVANIA C Cl E J L Ly Mc Me Po W Crawford Clinton Erie Juniata Lebanon Lycoming McKean Medina Potter Warren 0 25 50 75 100 MILES 0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS Scranton ? ? SCRANTON GRAVITY HIGH OF DIMENT AND OTHERS (1972) THRUST FAULT BLUE RIDGE t C ' t STRUCTURAL FRONT MARYLAND VIRGINIA ROME TROUGH (minor branch) ROME TROUGH (main branch) Pittsburgh 40TH PARALLEL LINEAMENT OF SHUMAKER (1986) OHIO-WEST VIRGINIA HINGE ZONE STRUCTURAL PENNSYLVANIA WEST VIRGINIA ALLEGHENY Harrisonburg R I D G E B L U E WEST VIRGINIA VIRGINIA VIRGINIA TENNESSEE KENTUCKY TENNESSEE NASHVILLE DOME LEXINGTON DOME INDIANA CINCINNATI ARCH E D C B 1 Charleston A P P A L A C H I A N OHIO KENTUCKY WEST VIRGINIA KENTUCKY Columbus A B A S I N NORTH MOUNTAIN D' E' t t ? ? Figure 1.—Map of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and adjoining States showing the location of section B-B' and selected tectonic features. Axis of arch Structural front Thrust fault—Sawteeth on upper plate Normal fault—Bar and ball on relative downthrown side Transverse fault Proterozoic basement rocks at surface Line of section (R.T. Ryder, unpub. data) Line of section (this report) Line of section (Ryder and others, 1992) Line of section (Ryder, 1991) Line of section (Ryder, 1992) A—A' B—B' C—C' D—D' E—E' 4 Present location of drill hole used to construct sections B-B' (this report), E-E' (Ryder, 1992), D-D' (Ryder, 1991), C-C' (Ryder and others, 1992), and A-A' (R.T. Ryder, unpub. data). Number, where shown refers to drill hole as described in table 1. Location of drill hole restored along the dotted line to approximately original position prior to westward tectonic transport. These projected positions are shown in sections B-B', C-C', D-D', and E-E' 11t EXPLANATION t Gamma-ray log for respective well—log scale generally from 0 to 200 API units 0 200 GR Bald Eagle Formation Bald Eagle Formation Bald Eagle Formation No. 1 (Warrior Formation).

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Page 1: STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF CAMBRIAN … and Arkansas-Louisiana Gas Company No. 1 Kardosh Crawford Co., Pa. 5 Biery and Johnson Company No. 1 Shaw Warren Co., Pa. 6 Minard Run Oil Company

"Clinton" sandstone and shale of Janssens (1977)

Medina Group 6000

Tuscarora Sandstone

RR R

R ?? Tuscarora Sandstone

TuscaroraSandstone

Whirlpool SandstoneCabot Head Shale

Grimsby SandstoneMedina Group

QueenstonShale

4000unnamed siltstoneand limestone 5000

R R

R

7000 R

R R

Juniata FormationR

R7000

R

RR R

R

Juniata

R12,000

R

R

R

R

R R

R

RR

R

Juniata?

?

? ?

JuniataFormation

Formation

Reedsville Shale

ReedsvilleShale 1000

2000

3000

R

RFormationR

R

R

R

RRRR

RRR

RRRR

R

RR

R

11,000

12,000

??

Bald EagleFormation

Bald Eagle Formation 8000

13,000

Bald EagleFormation

Lost Run Member

of Conlin and Hoskins (1962)

R

R

ReedsvilleShale

Reedsville Shale

13,000

80005000 Utica Shale3

6000 Utica Shale3

Utica Shale3Antes Shale1 Antes Shale1 Trenton Group 9000

Antes Shale1

Antes Shale1 Trenton Groupof Kay (1944a, b)4

Antes Shale1

Trenton Groupof Kay (1944a, b)4

Antes Shale1

B B B B B B B TrentonLimestone

B

ß marker of Stith (1979)

Gull River Formation

?

Black River Limestone

Wells Creek Formation

Black River Group

Trenton Limestone Salona Limestone

Black River Group

B B B B B

Black River Group

B B BB B BB B B

DATUM

B B

Black River Group

LoysburgFormation

Coburn, Salona, and NealmontLimestones, undivided

B B B B B B

15,000

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B B

B

B

BB

Trenton Groupof Kay (1944a, b)4

B

?

? ?

Coburn Limestone

Salona Limestone

Linden Hall Limestone

Snyder Limestone

Hatter Limestone

LoysburgFormation

B B B BB B

B BB B

B B B

B

B

B

B

B

B B

B B

B

B B B BB

BB

Coburn Limestone 4000

bentonite No. 0of Thompson (1963)

bentonite R of Thompson (1963)Salona

LimestoneSnyder LimestoneHatter LimestoneLoysburg ?

Formation

?? ?

B14,000

B BB Nealmont Limestone

F

F1

2

Limestone

Nealmont LimestoneLinden Hall

5000

?

Coburn and SalonaLimestones, undivided

Knox Dolomite

Krysik sandstoneof driller's usage

Rome Formationof Janssens (1973)

6000

TD 6440 Warrior Formation of Wagner (1966) lower sandy member of Wagner (1966)?? ?

??

?? ?

?

?

?? ?

?Warrior Formationof Wagner (1966) ?

Ore Hill Member (?)4000

TD 4532

Rose RunSandstone Member zone of Calvert (1964)

B

middle dolomite member of Wagner (1966)?

Shadow Lake Formation Loysburg Formation

Gatesburg Formation

Loysburg Formation

Beekmantown Group

11,000

Knox unconformity

middle dolomite member

BB

B BB

BB

BB

BB

BB B

B B BB

Gatesburg Formation middle dolomitemember17,000

16,000

18,000

17,000

BeekmantownGroup

?? 15,000

?

?16,000

MIDDLE ORDOVICIANLOWER ORDOVICIAN

?

BeekmantownGroup

??

BellefonteDolomite

FEET0

1000

FEET0

6000

7000

??

NittanyDolomite

Larke DolomiteMines DolomiteMember

3000

3000

4000

Mines DolomiteMember

upper sandymember

lower sandymember

Ore Hill Member(?)

10,000TD 10,036

GatesburgFormation

GatesburgFormation

?

9000

?

?

?

?

10,000Knox unconformity

?

?

??

BeekmantownGroup

?

?

9000

8000

AxemannLimestone

2000

2000

lower sandy member

lower sandy

lower sandymember

18,000 unnamedshale member

Warrior Formation

unnamed dolomiticsandstone member

?

19,000

TD 19,360

?

?

?

?

?

Potsdam Sandstone 6?

?

?

?

TD 11,878

Potsdam Sandstone?

?

?

?

8000TD 8031

Potsdam Sandstone6

Mount Simon Sandstone

6000

TD 6076

TD = Total Depth. TD 6670

B

B

B

B

B?

WarriorFormation

?

??

?

unnamed dolomite

member

unnamed limestone member5000

unnamed limestone

upper sandymember

GatesburgFormation

upper sandymember

upper sandy member

TD 9398

upper sandy member7000

?

5000

3000

2000

1000FEET

7

?

UPPERCAMBRIAN

DATUM

Kane arch (defined by Kane gravityhigh of Diment and others, 1980,

and Parrish and Lavin, 1982)

TD 18,834

?

DATUM

?

?

3000

2000FEET

OH

IOPE

NN

SYLV

AN

IA

FEET3000

4000

Clinton Group

FEET6000

FEET10,000

FEET10,000

11,000

STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF CAMBRIAN AND ORDOVICIAN ROCKS IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN FROM LAKE COUNTY, OHIO, TO JUNIATA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIABy

Robert T. Ryder1992

Manuscript approved for publication June 4, 1991

?

ARCH

?

? LOWERCAMBRIAN

MIDDLEPROTEROZOIC

14,000

B

1000

Revised and Digitized By

Robert D. Crangle, Jr.2002

Black River Group

Reedsville Shale

Bald EagleFormation

Tuscarora Sandstone

?

?

?

member

?

B B B B B B B B BB B B

marker of Stith (1979)ß

10tDeep Rock Oil Corporation

No. A-1 WalizerClinton Co., Pa.

Composite outcrop section above drill holefrom Thompson (1963), Rones (1969), Failland Wells (1977), and Cotter (1982)(Restored about 19 mi (30.6 km) southeast-ward to prethrusting position using sectionfrom Faill and Wells (1977); bed thicknessesnot corrected for dip)

UNNAMED HINGE ZONE

9tCalifornia Company

No. 1 SnyderLycoming Co., Pa.

1Calhio Chemicals Incorporated

No. 1 Calhio Chemicals IncorporatedLake Co., Ohio

2Quaker State Oil and Refining Corporation

No. 1 KemmerAshtabula Co., Ohio

4Benedum and Arkansas-Louisiana Gas Company

No. 1 KardoshCrawford Co., Pa.

5Biery and Johnson Company

No. 1 ShawWarren Co., Pa.

6Minard Run Oil Company

No. 1 Minard RunMcKean Co., Pa.

7Consolidated Gas Supply Corporation No. N-972

Pennsylvania Department of Forest and Water Tract 129Potter Co., Pa.

8Texaco Incorporated and Marathon Oil Company No. 1

Pennsylvania State Forest Tract 285Clinton Co., Pa

ALLEGHENY STRUCTURALFRONT

Thrust faults showing about8.5 mi (13.7 km) shortening(Faill and Wells, 1977)

Composite outcrop section above drill holefrom Rones (1969) and Faill and Wells (1977)(Restored about 10 mi (16 km) southeastwardto prethrusting position using section from Failland Wells (1977); dip approximately horizontal,thus, bed thickness correction unnecessary)

Thrust faults showing about18 mi (29 km) shortening(Faill and Wells, 1977)

Thrust faults showing about8 mi (12.9 km) shortening(Berg and others, 1980)

NORTHEASTERN END OFOHIO-WEST VIRGINIA HINGE ZONE

ROME TROUGH (MINOR BRANCH) ROME TROUGH (MAIN BRANCH)

Tie

wit

h A

-A'

(R.T

. Ryd

er, u

np

ub.

dat

a)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

WOOSTER ARCH

NW

B

LOWERSILURIAN

Packer shell of Pepperand others (1953)

UPPERORDOVICIAN

4000

MIDDLEORDOVICIAN

MIDDLEPROTEROZOIC

Projected from U.S. Gas and Oil CompanyNo. 1 Roulston

Ashtabula Co., Ohio

3

MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC

Fault based on seismicdata from Hendersonand Timm (1985)

MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS SERIESMAP I-2200SE

B' 11tShell Oil Company

No. 1 Shade MountainJuniata Co., Pa.

(Restored about 40 mi (64 km) southeastward to prethrustingposition using section C-C' from Berg and others (1980); bedthicknesses corrected for 45° dip above 4540 ft; gamma-raylog above 4540 ft has not been corrected for dip)

LOWERSILURIAN

Composite outcrop sectionabove drill hole from Conlinand Hoskins (1962) and �Horowitz (1965)

UPPERORDOVICIAN

0FEET

MIDDLEORDOVICIAN

LOWERORDOVICIAN

?

?

UPPERCAMBRIAN

1The Antes Shale was originally named in central Pennsylvania by Kay (1944a,b) and assigned a Middle Ordovician age. Conodont studies by Valek (1982) and Sweet (1984) support a Middle Ordovician (late Shermanian) age for the Antes Shale throughout most of Pennsylvania. However, along the Rome trough segment of section C-C' (Ryder and others, 1992) (fig. 1), the Antes Shale thickens at the expense of the overlying Reedsville Shale and very likely contains rocks of early Edenian age. Therefore, the Antes Shale is generally late Shermanian in age, as suggested in cross section B-B', but, locally, may be as young as early Edenian. The early Edenian age previously assigned to the entire Antes Shale by Sweet and Bergström (1976) in central Pennsylvania and by Ryder (1991, 1992) in northern West Virginia is considered here to be invalid.

2The Reedsville Shale is extended into the subsurface of Ohio by Calvert (1963, 1964), Ryder (1991, 1992), and Ryder and others (1992).

3The Utica Shale is extended into the subsurface of Ohio by Fettke (1960), Calvert (1963, 1964), and Ryder (1991, 1992) and into the subsurface of northwestern Pennsylvania by Berg and others (1983). These authors assigned a Late Ordovician age to the Utica Shale. As discussed in Ryder and others (1992) and shown by the thickening of the Utica Shale at the expense of the overlying Reedsville Shale in drill hole no. 4 in this study, the age of the Utica Shale in northeastern Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania should be revised to Middle and Late Ordovician (late Shermanian and early Edenian).

4The Trenton Group of Kay (1944a,b) shown here differs slightly from Kay's original definition. The difference results because I follow Rones (1969) who moved the base of the Trenton Group of Kay (1944a, b), and the associated widespread unconformity, about 30 to 60 ft (9-18 m) upsection from the base of the Oak Hall Member of the Nealmont Limestone of Kay (1944a, b) to the base of the overlying Centre Hall Member of the Nealmont Limestone of Kay (1944a,b). As redefined by Rones (1969), the Oak Hall Member occupies the upper part of the Linden Hall Limestone.

5Ryder (1991, 1992) and Ryder and others (1992) assigned a Late Cambrian age to the Rose Run Sandstone Member of the Knox Dolomite because it correlates with the upper sandy member of the Upper Cambrian Gatesburg Formation (Wilson, 1952; Wagner, 1966).

6The Upper Cambrian Potsdam Sandstone as defined by Emmons (1838) in New York State is extended into northwestern and north-central Pennsylvania as the Middle and Upper Cambrian Potsdam Formation by Wagner (1966). I accept Wagner's (1966) terminology and age for this basal Cambrian sandstone in northern Pennsylvania except that the name Potsdam Sandstone is preferred instead of Potsdam Formation.

7On the basis of conodonts (Kleffner, 1985), the Packer shell of driller's terminology and the Reynales Dolomite of Piotrowski (1981) and Berg and others (1983) are assigned a late Early Silurian age.

DISCUSSION

INTRODUCTION

Cross section B-B' is the fourth in a series of restored stratigraphic cross sections drawn by the author to show the stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Appalachian basin from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. In addition to providing stratigraphic and lithologic details of Cambrian and Ordovician strata, these cross sections also help to define and delineate the structure of the block-faulted Proterozoic basement rocks beneath the Appalachian basin. Previously completed cross sections in this series are cross section E-E' (Ryder, 1992), cross section D-D' (Ryder, 1991), and cross section C-C' (Ryder and others, 1992) (fig. 1). Section B-B' is about 290 mi (467 km) long. This section is constructed on the basis of eleven drill holes that are from 13 to 52 mi (21-84 km) apart and range in depth from 6,076 to 19,360 ft (1,852-5,901 m) (fig. 1, table 1). Three of the eleven drill holes bottomed in crystalline basement rocks of Middle Proterozoic age. Drill holes 9, 10, and 11, which are located east of the Allegheny structural front, were restored 10 to 40 mi (16-64 km) southeastward to compensate for tectonic transport along underlying thrust faults (Faill and Wells, 1977; Berg and others, 1980). Section B-B' coincides in part with a cross section through Pennsylvania by Read (1989), which also shows the stratigraphic framework and nomenclature of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata and the generalized structure of underlying Proterozoic basement rocks. Although the sections are similar, one difference is that Read (1989) reconstructed the entire Cambrian and Lower Ordovician carbonate shelf from the inner shelf, now present in the subsurface of northwestern Pennsylvania, to the shelf margin and adjoining slope, now exposed in allochthonous terranes southwest and southeast of Harrisburg, Pa. (fig. 1). In contrast, section B-B' extends across the inner to middle part of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician carbonate shelf and terminates several tens of miles southeast of the Allegheny structural front where drilled and exposed strata have experienced only a modest amount of tectonic shortening (Berg and others, 1980). Section B-B' also differs from Read's (1989) section in that it shows more lithologic and nomenclatural details of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata and includes the entire Cambrian and Ordovician sequence.

METHODOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE

Whereas borehole geophysical logs were used to establish correlations between drilled stratigraphic units in section B-B', lithologic logs, which were described largely by the Geological Sample Log Company (Pittsburgh, Pa.), were used to establish lithofacies patterns between drill holes. Correlations and lithofacies information in central Pennsylvania were supplemented locally by measured outcrop sections reported by Thompson (1963), Rones (1969), Faill and Wells (1977), and Cotter (1982). Section B-B' has been restored to a horizontal datum located at the base of a widespread 60- to 90-ft (18- to 27-m)-thick micritic limestone located at the base of the Gull River Formation in northwesternmost Pennsylvania, and in the middle of the Loysburg Formation in north-central and central Pennsylvania. I selected this micritic limestone as the datum horizon for section B-B' because it appears to be the most widespread and easily recognizable subsurface marker unit in the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence of the central Appalachian basin. Metabentonite beds in the Black River Limestone (Group) and Trenton Group are good marker units, but they cannot be traced with as much confidence as the micritic limestone unit. In addition, the shallow marine origin of the micritic limestone and its proximity to the widespread Knox unconformity, when used as datum, permits a reliable restoration of the pre-unconformity structural configuration of the block-faulted basement rocks.

Most of the stratigraphic nomenclature used in section B-B' follows the nomenclature used by Ryder and others (1992) in adjoining section C-C'. The reader is referred to that paper for a more detailed discussion of Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphy in central and western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. Existing nomenclature established by the Ohio and Pennsylvania Geological Surveys is preferred here and in Ryder and others (1992), but in certain places modifications and additions are recommended. At some localities in section B-B', footnotes clarify the use of specific stratigraphic terms. The following stratigraphic investigations of Cambrian and (or) Ordovician strata were particularly applicable to this investigation: (1) Calvert (1962, 1963, 1964, 1965), Janssens (1973), Stith (1979), and Wickstrom and Gray (1988) in Ohio and (2) Berg and others (1983), Rones (1969), Thompson (1963), and Wagner (1966, 1976) in Pennsylvania. The correlation chart (fig. 2) shows the chronostratigraphic position of Cambrian and Ordovician units identified in selected tectonic provinces along section B-B' and summarizes the nomenclature assigned to them. Moreover, this chart compares the nomenclature and chronostratigraphic position of Cambrian and Ordovician units with those in the adjoining Lebanon Valley allochthon and Reading Prong (Berg and others, 1983; MacLachlan and Root, 1966). European chronostratigraphic units (for example, Tremadocian through Ashgillian Stages) commonly do not apply to the cratonal and platformal Ordovician rocks of North America (Ross and others, 1984). Therefore, in this paper I apply North American chronostratigraphic units used by Barnes and others (1981) and Ross and others (1982) rather than the European chronostratigraphic units used by Palmer (1983), Berg and others (1983), and the Correlation of Stratigraphic Units of North America (COSUNA) charts (for example, see Patchen and others, 1984). My correlation chart (fig. 2) subdivides the Ordovician System into the Lower, Middle, and Upper North American Series of Barnes and others (1981) and equates the Ibexian, Whiterockian and Mohawkian combined, and Cincinnatian Series of Ross and others (1982), respectively. In addition, because of its well-established usage in North America, the Canadian Series of Barnes and others (1981) is shown as being equivalent to the Ibexian Series of Ross and others (1982). By equating the Ibexian (Canadian) Series with the Lower Ordovician Series, both the Whiterockian and Mohawkian Series with the Middle Ordovician Series, and the Cincinnatian Series with the Upper Ordovician Series, I am in agreement with many Ordovician specialists in North America such as Miller (1984), Repetski (1985), Sweet and Bergström (1986), and Shaw and others (1990). The Blackriveran through Gamachian Stages of the Ordovician (fig. 2) follow those defined by Barnes and others (1981) and Ross and others (1982). The Chazyan as used by Barnes and others (1981) is retained in this paper as a formal stage because of its long-time usage in eastern North America. In contrast, Ross and others (1982) recognized the Chazyan as a chronostratigraphic unit of historical interest rather than a formal stage of the Ordovician System.

BASEMENT STRUCTURE

Details of the structural configuration of block-faulted Middle Proterozoic basement rocks underlying the Appalachian basin in Pennsylvania are poorly understood because (1) few drill holes have penetrated the sedimentary cover, (2) magnetic and gravity data have not been calibrated to known basement rock types and structures, and (3) very few seismic profiles have been published. Most interpretations show the northeast-trending, fault-controlled Rome trough as the dominant tectonic element of basement structure in Pennsylvania (Wagner, 1976; Harris, 1978; Beardsley and Cable, 1983; Harper, 1989; Read, 1989; Ryder and others, 1992). The Rome trough also is recognized in this report, but here it consists of several moderate- to low-relief grabens and intervening horsts. The basement-involved normal faults and adjoining fault blocks interpreted by me on section B-B' are based on published seismic lines (Beardsley and Cable, 1983; Henderson and Timm, 1985), gravity data (Diment and others, 1980; Parish and Lavin, 1982), and thickness changes in drilled Cambrian and Ordovician strata. Because the basement faults underlying section B-B' are based on limited data, and thus are highly conjectural, they are shown on figure 1 as 50- to 150-mi (80- to 240-km)-long, incomplete line segments. From northwest to southeast, I suggest that the following basement-involved structures are crossed by section B-B': (1) the Wooster arch of Coogan and Maki (1988); (2) the northeastern end of the Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone of Ryder (1991, 1992) and Ryder and others (1992); (3) the minor branch of the Rome trough; (4) the Kane arch (named here) that is defined by the Kane gravity high of Diment and others (1980) and Parrish and Lavin (1982) and was interpreted as a positive basement block by Parrish and Lavin (1982) and Harper (1989); (5) the main branch of the Rome trough (the Olin basin of Wagner, 1976); (6) the Northeastern Pennsylvania arch (named here) that borders the northwestern flank of the Scranton gravity high of Diment and others (1972); and (7) a major unnamed hinge zone that overlaps the southeastern margin of the Northeastern Pennsylvania arch along which Middle Proterozoic basement has been downdropped and estimated 500 to 1,500 ft (152-457 m) along one or more down-to-southeast normal faults (fig. 1).

A 15- to 30-mi (24- to 48-km)-wide, northeast-trending low intensity magnetic anomaly recognized by Zietz and others (1980) and Culotta and others (1990) coincides with a large part of the minor branch of the Rome trough. Culotta and others (1990) suggested that this low intensity magnetic anomaly, a part of their Amish anomaly, marks a suture zone in the Grenville orogenic belt.

REFERENCES CITED

Barnes, C.R., Norford, B.S., and Skevington, David, 1981, The Ordovician System in Canada, correlation chart and explanatory notes: International Union of Geological Sciences Publication 8, 27 p.Beardsley, R.W., and Cable, M.S., 1983, Overview of the evolution of the Appalachian basin: Northeastern Geology, v. 5, no. 3/4, p. 137-145.Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R., Glover, A.D., Hoskins, D.M., MacLachlan, D.B., Root, S.I., Sevon, W.D., and Socolow, A.A., compilers, 1980, Geologic map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topo- graphic and Geologic Survey Map 1, 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000.Berg, T.M., McInerney, M.K., Way, J.H., and MacLachlan, D.B., 1983, Stratigraphic correlation chart of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey General Geology Report 75, 1 sheet.Calvert, W.L., 1962, Sub-Trenton rocks from Lee County, Virginia, to Fayette County, Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 45, 57 p.----------1963, Sub-Trenton rocks of Ohio in cross sections from West Virginia and Pennsylvania to Michigan: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 49, 5 p.----------1964, Cambrian erosional remnants yield oil in central Ohio: World Oil, v. 158, no. 4, p. 78, 80, 82, 84.----------1965, Cambrian correlations in the Appalachian region, with emphasis on Ohio: Ontario Petroleum Institute, 4th Annual Conference Technical Paper 2, v. 4, 11 p.Conlin, R.R., and Hoskins, D.M., 1962, Geology and mineral resources of the Mifflintown quadrangle: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Atlas A126, 46 p., 1 map, scale 1:24,000.Coogan, A.H., and Maki, M.U., 1988, Knox unconformity in the subsurface of northern Ohio: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 271-280.Cotter, Edward, 1982, Tuscarora Formation in Pennsylvania, in Guidebook for the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Eastern Section Field Trip, 105p.Culotta, R.C., Pratt, T., and Oliver, J., 1990, A tale of two sutures: COCORP's deep seismic surveys of the Grenville province in the eastern U.S. midcontinent: Geology, v. 18, no. 7, p. 646-649.Diment, W.H., Urban, T.C., and Revetta, F.A., 1972, Some geophyscial anomalies in the Eastern United States, in Robertson, E.C., ed., The nature of the solid earth: New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 544-572.Diment, W.H., Muller, O.H., and Lavin, P.M., 1980, Basement tectonics of New York and Pennsylvania as revealed by gravity and magnetic studies, in Wones, D.R., ed., Proceedings, The Caledonides in the USA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute Department of Geological Sciences Memoir 2, p. 221- 227.Emmons, Ebenezer, 1838, New York Natural History Survey: New York Geological Survey 2nd Report, v. 2, p. 185-250.Faill, R.T., and Wells, R.B., 1977, Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Linden and Williamsport quadrangle, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Atlas 134ab, 66 p., 1 map, scale 1:24,000.Fettke, C.R., 1960, Well-sample descriptions in northwestern Pennsylvania and adjacent states: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Bulletin M40, 691 p.Harper, J.A., 1989, Effects of recurrent tectonic patterns on the occurrence and development of oil and gas resources in western Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 225-245.Harris, L.D., 1978, The eastern interior aulacogen and its relation to Devonian shale-gas production, in Second eastern gas shales symposium, v. II: Morgantown Energy Technology Center, U.S. Department of Energy, p. 55-72.Henderson, G.J., and Timm, C.M., 1985, Ordovician stratigraphic hydrocarbon entrapment potential of Appalachia: Oil and Gas Journal, v. 83, no. 17, p. 118-121.Horowitz, D.H., 1965, Petrology of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian rocks in the central Appalachians: University Park, Pennsylvania State University, Ph.D. thesis, 221 p.Janssens, Adriaan, 1973, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 64, 197 p.----------1977, Silurian rocks in the subsurface of northwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 100, 96 p.Kay, G.M., 1944a, Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 1-23.----------1944b, Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania: Journal of Geology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 97-116.Kleffner, M.A., 1985, Conodont biostratigraphy of the stray "Clinton" and "Packer Shell" (Silurian, Ohio subsurface) and its bearing on correlation, in The new Clinton collection-1985: Columbus, Ohio, Ohio Geological Society, p. 221-230.MacLachlan, D.B., and Root, S.I., 1966, Comparative tectonics and stratigraphy of the Cumberland and Lebanon valleys: Guidebook for 31st Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, 90 p.Miller, J.F., 1984, Cambrian and earliest Ordovician conodont evolution biofacies and provincialism, in Clark, D.L., ed., Conodont biofacies and provincialism: Geological Society of America Special Paper 196, p. 43-68.Palmer, A.R., compiler, 1983, The Decade of North American Geology 1983 Geologic Time Scale: Geology, v. 11, no. 9, p. 503-504.Parrish, J.B., and Lavin, P.M., 1982, Tectonic model for kimberlite emplacement in the Appalachian Plateau of Pennsylvania: Geology, v. 10, no. 7, p. 344-347.Patchen, D.G., Avary, K.L., and Erwin, R.B., coordinators, 1984, Correlation of stratigraphic units in North America, Northern Appalachian Region Correlation Chart: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1 sheet.Pepper, J.F., de Witt, Wallace, Jr., and Everhart, G.M., 1953, The "Clinton" sands of Early Silurian age in Canton, Dover, Massillon, and Navarre quadrangles, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1003-A, 15 p.

Piotrowski, R.G., 1981, Geology and natural gas production of the Lower Silurian Medina Group and equivalent rock units in Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Mineral Resources Report 82, 21 p., 11 pls.Read, J.F., 1989, Evolution of Cambro-Ordovician passive margin, U.S. Appalachians, in Rankin, D.W., Drake, A.A., Jr., Glover, L., III, Goldsmith, R., Hall, L.M., Murray, D.P., Ratcliffe, N.M., Read, J.F., Secor, D.T., Jr., and Stanley, R.S., Pre-orogenic terranes, in Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Thomas, W.A., and Viele, G.W., eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 42-57.Repetski, J.E., 1985, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Knox Group at the Thorn Hill and River Ridge sections, northeastern Tennessee, in Walker, K.R., ed., The geologic history of the Thorn Hill Paleozoic section (Cambrian-Mississippian), eastern Tennessee: University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences Studies in Geology 10, p. 25-31.Rones, Morris, 1969, A lithostratigraphic, petrographic and chemical investigation of the lower Middle Ordovician carbonate rocks in central Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey General Geology Report G53, 224 p.Root, S.I., 1968, Geology and mineral resources of southeastern Franklin County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Atlas 119cd, 118 p., 1 map, scale 1:24,000.Root, S.I., and Hoskins, D.M., 1977, Lat 40° N. fault zone, Pennsylvania; A new interpretation: Geology, v. 5, no. 12, p. 719-723.Ross, R.J., Jr., Alder, F.J., Amsden, T.W., Bergström, Douglas, Bergström, S.M., Carter, Claire, Churkin, Michael, Cressman, E.A., Derby, J.R., Dutro, J.T., Jr., Ethington, R.L., Finney, S.C., Fisher, D.W., Fisher, J.H., Harris, A.G., Hintze, L.F., Ketner, K.B., Kolata, D.L., Landing, Ed, Newman, R.B., Sweet, W.C., Pojeta, John, Jr., Potter, A.W., Rader, E.K., Repetski, J.E., Shaver, R.H., Thompson, T.L., and Webers, G.F., 1982, The Ordovician System in the United States: International Union of Geological Sciences Publication No. 12, 73 p.Ross, R.J., Jr., Bergström, S.M., and Derby, J.R., 1984, Comment on "The Decade of North American Geology 1983 Geologic Time Scale": Geology , v. 12, no. 8, p. 505-506.Ryder, R.T., 1991, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Richland County, Ohio, to Rockingham County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2264.----------1992, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Morrow County, Ohio, to Pendleton County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839-G, p. G1-G25.Ryder, R.T., Harris, A.G., and Repetski, J.E., 1992, Restored stratigraphic section C-C' from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and south-central Pennsylvania, to Hampshire County, West Virginia, showing the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839-K, p. K1-K32.

Shaw, T.H., Roberson, K.E., and Harris, A.G., 1990, Lithostratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy across the Lower-Middle Ordovician disconformity (early to middle Whiterockian) at Pratt Ferry, central Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1895-C, p. C1-C19.Shumaker, R.C., 1986, The effect of basement structure on sedimentation and detached structural trends within the Appalachian basin, in McDowell, R.C., and Glover, Lynn, III, eds., The Lowry Volume: Studies in Appalachian geology: Virginia Tech Department of Geologic Sciences Memoir 3, p. 67-81.Stith, D.A., 1979, Chemical composition, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Black River Group (Middle Ordovician), southwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 113, 36 p.Sweet, W.C., 1984, Graphic correlation of upper Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks, North American midcontinent province, U.S.A., in Bruton, D.L., ed., Aspects of the Ordovician System: Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo No. 295, Universitets-forlaget, p. 23-25.Sweet, W.C., and Bergström, S.M., 1976, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Ordovician of the United States midcontinent, in Bassett, M.G., ed., The Ordovician System, Proceedings of Paleontological Association Symposium, Birmingham, England, 1974: University of Wales Press, p. 121-151.----------1986, Conodonts and biostratigraphic correlation: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 14, p. 85-112.Thompson, R.R., 1963, Lithostratigraphy of the Middle Ordovician Salona and Coburn Formations in central Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Bulletin G38, 154 p.Valek, K.W., 1982, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Salona and Coburn Formations in the Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania: Columbus, Ohio State University, M.S. thesis, 70 p.Wagner, W.R., 1966, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian to Middle Ordovician rocks of central and western Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Bulletin G49, 156 p.----------1976, Growth faults in Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks of western Pennsylvania: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 60, no. 3, p. 414-427.Wickstrom, L.H., and Gray, J.D., 1988, Geology of the Trenton Limestone in nothwestern Ohio, in Keith, B.D., ed., The Trenton Group (Upper Ordovician Series) of eastern North America: Deposition, diagenesis, and petroleum: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology Series 29, p. 159-172.Wilson, J.L., 1952, Upper Cambrian stratigraphy in the central Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. 275-322.Zietz, Isidore, Gilbert, F.P., and Kirby, J.R., Jr., 1980, Aeromatic map of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and parts of New Jersey and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP-927, 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKSDominant Lithology

Sandstone, red

Siltstone

Siltstone, red

Shale, red

Shale, dark gray and (or) black

Shale, gray and (or) green

Dolomite

Limestone

Metabentonite

Sandstone

Lithologic Modifiers(Used in conjunction with Dominant Lithology)

Sandy

Silty

Argillaceous, gray and (or) green

EXPLANATION

Anhydritic

Oolitic

Cherty

Conglomeratic

IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Granite and (or) granite gneiss

Schist and diorite

OTHER SYMBOLS

Contact—Queried where uncertain

Informal marker bed—Queried where uncertain

Datum—Micritic limestone at base of Black RiverLimestone (Ohio), at base of Gull River Formation(northwestern Pennsylvania), and in middle ofLoysburg Formation (north-central Pennsylvania)

Unconformity—Queried where uncertain

Cored intervals in drill holes 1, 8, and 11t

Fault based on seismicdata from Beardsley andCable (1983); M.S. Cable(written commun., ColumbiaNatural Resources, 1990)

?

PENNSYLVANIA

NORTHEASTERN

?Reynales Dolomite of Piotrowski (1981)and Berg and others (1983)7

FEET5000

Tectonic Provinces in Ohio and Pennsylvania (along section B-B')

?

Nu

mer

ical

tim

e sc

ale

(Ma)

Palm

er (1

983)

Eon

Era

Syst

em

438

North Americanchronostratigrahicunits modified afterBarnes and others(1981), Ross and oth-ers (1982), andPalmer (1983)

Series Stage

448 Up

per

Cin

cin

nat

ian

Rich-mondian

andGamachian

Mays-villian

Edenian

Sher-manian

Kirk-fieldian

Rock-landianBlack-riveran

Chazyan

Mo

haw

kian

Wh

ite-

rock

ian

Mid

dle

Ord

ovic

ian

478

505

523

540

570

900

Pro

tero

zoic La

teM

idd

le

Low

erM

idd

le

Cam

bri

an

Low

er

Ibex

ian

(Can

adia

n)

Trempea-leauan

Franco-nian

Dres-bachian

Up

per

P h

a n

e r

o z

o i

c

P a

l e o

z o

i c

Woosterarch

West side of theOhio-West Virginia

hinge zone(northeastern end)

Rome trough(main branch)

Allegheny structuralfront and adjoining

Valley and Ridgeprovince

East of B-B'Lebanon Valley alloch-

thon and adjoiningReading Prong,

Lebanon Co., Pa.; fromMacLachlan and Root(1966) and Berg and

others (1983)

QueenstonShale

unnamed siltstone and limestone

JuniataFormation

JuniataFormation

JuniataFormation

ReedsvilleShale

ReedsvilleShale

ReedsvilleShale

ReedsvilleShale

MartinsburgFormation

Utica ShaleUtica Shale

TrentonLimestone Trenton Limestone

Coburn, Salona,and Nealmont

Limestones, undivided

Coburn Limestone

Salona Ls.Nealmont Ls.

Hatter LimestoneLinden Hall & Snyder Ls., undiv.

Loysburg FormationLoysburg Formation

Black River GroupBlack River Group

Loysburg Formation

Black River GroupBlack RiverLimestone

ß marker ß marker

equivalent toß marker

bentonite No. 0bentonite R

Tren

ton

Gro

up

of K

ay (1

944a

,b) Antes Shale Antes Shale

Tren

ton

Gro

up

of K

ay (1

944a

,b)

Hershey LimestoneMyerstown Formation

Annville Limestone

Ontelaunee Formation

EplerFormation

Bee

kman

tow

n G

rou

p

Rickenbach Dolo.

Stonehenge Limestone

upper dolomitemember

middle ls. mbr.

Ric

hla

nd

Fo

rmat

ion

Co

no

coch

eag

ue

Gro

up

lower sandydolomite member

Millbach FormationSchaefferstown Fm.

Snitz Creek Fm.

BuffaloSprings

Formation?

LeithsvilleFormation

Hardyston Formation

BeekmantownGroup

BeekmantownGroup

? BellefonteDolomite

AxemannLimestone

NittanyDolomite

Larke Dolomite

Mines Dolomite Member

Metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Grenville orogenic belt

?

?

Mount Simon Sandstone

Potsdam Sandstone

Knox Dolomite ofJanssens (1973)

B zone of Calvert (1964)Krysik ss. of driller's usage

Rome Formationof Janssens (1973)

?Potsdam Sandstone

?

?

?

Warrior Formationof Wagner (1966)

lower sandy member

middle dolomitemember

Gat

esb

urg

Fo

rmat

ion

Gat

esb

urg

Fo

rmat

ion

upper sandymember

upper sandymember

middle dolomitemember

lower sandymember

unnamed shale mbr.

unnamed dolomiticsandstone member

unnamed dolomiticmember

unnamed ls. mbr.

unnamed ls.

lower sandymember

upper sandymember

Ore Hill Member (?)

Gat

esb

urg

Fo

rmat

ion

Wells CreekFormation

Rose RunSandstone

Member

War

rio

r Fm

.

Bee

kman

tow

n G

rou

pW

arri

or F

m.

Figure 2.—Correlation chart of Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician rocks along section B-B' and in the adjoining Lebanon Valley allochthon and Reading Prong of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. Absolute age (in Ma) is taken from the Geological Time Scale compiled by Palmer (1983). The time scale is nonlinear. North American chronostratigraphic units are modified after Barnes and others (1981), Ross and others (1982), and Palmer (1983).

Metabentonite Hiatus

EXPLANATION

Number Name Location Permitnumber

Lithologiclog

Coredintervals

(formation)

Totaldepth

(ft)

Ages of oldestrocks drilled(formation)

1 Calhio Chemicals Incorporated No. 1Calhio ChemicalsIncorporated

Perry Township,Lake County, Ohio

142 5,357-5,417 ft (Wells Creek Formation and Knox Dolomite)6,065-6,076 ft (Middle Proterozoic basement rocks)

6,076 Middle Proterozoic.1 Yes11

2 Quaker State Oil and Refining CorporationNo. 1 Kemmer

Jefferson Township,Ashtabula County, Ohio

6,440 Late Cambrian (Rome Formation of Janssens, 1973).

213 Yes11

3 U.S. Gas and Oil Company No. 1 Roulston

Morgan Township,Ashtabula County, Ohio

286 6,670 Middle Proterozoic.Yes11

4 Benedum and Arkansas-Louisiana Gas CompanyNo. 1 Kardosh

Linesville quadrangle,Crawford County, Pa.

20007 8,031 Middle Proterozoic.Yes11

5 Biery and Johnson Company No. 1 Shaw

Cobham quadrangle,Warren County, Pa.

281 9,398 Late Cambrian(Gatesburg Formation).

Yes11

6 Minard Run Oil Company Minard Run

Derrick City quadrangle, McKean County, Pa.

2529 Yes1 11,878 Middle and Late Cambrian (Potsdam Sandstone of Wagner, 1966).

7 Consolidated Gas Supply Corporation No. N-972 Pennsylvania Department of Forest and Water Tract 129

Tamarack quadrangle,Potter County, Pa.

182 Yes1 18,834 Middle and Late Cambrian (Potsdam Sandstone of Wagner, 1966).

8 Texaco Incorporated and Marathon Oil Company No. 1 Pennsylvania State Forest Tract 285

Glen Union quadrangle,Clinton County, Pa.

20276 Yes1 15,084-15,143 ft(Black River Group) 15,883-15,942 ft (Beekmantown Group) 17,600-17,620 ft 17,620-17,650 ft17,965-17,999 ft(Gatesburg Formation)

19,360 Middle and Late Cambrian(Warrior Formation).

9 California CompanyNo. 1 Snyder

Linden quadrangle,Lycoming County, Pa.

S-1 Yes1, 2 5,808 Middle and Late Cambrian

10 Deep Rock Oil Corporation No. A-1 Walizer

Loganton quadrangle,Clinton County, Pa.

S-1 Yes1, 2 4,532 Late Cambrian(Gatesburg Formation).

11 Shell Oil CompanyNo. 1 Shade Mountain

McClure quadrangle,Juniata County, Pa.

1 Yes1 7,550-7,560 ft (Beekmantown Group) 10,010-10,036 ft (Gatesburg Formation)

10,036 Late Cambrian(Gatesburg Formation).

Table 1. - Descriptions of drill holes used to construct section B-B'

Sources of lithologic logs: 1 Geological Sample Log Company, Pittsburg, PA 15234. 2 Wagner (1966).

RR Argillaceous, red

BB Argillaceous, dark gray and (or) black

Calcareous

Dolomitic

F1

F2

Normal fault—Arrow shows relative movement

Thrust faults of the Alleghanian orogeny— Postdate restored section B-B'

Macrofossil-bearing interval reported in Thompson (1963)

Macrofossil-bearing interval reported in Rones (1969)

Gas production

20 MILES

30 KILOMETERS

METERS

FEET2000

500

1000250

00 10

10

20

MIDDLECAMBRIAN

Gatesburg Formation

84° 83° 82°

81°

80°

79° 78° 77° 76°75°

41°

40°

39°85°

38°86°

37°

CUMBERLAND SADDLE

36°

35°

86°35°

84°85°

NORTH CAROLINA

83°

36°82°

80°81°

37°

79°

38°78°

39°

77°

40°76°

41°

75°

FIN

DLA

Y A

RCH

WOOSTER ARCH OFCOOGAN AND MAKI (1988)

UNNAMED ARCH OFSHUMAKER (1986)

OH

IOPE

NN

SYLV

AN

IA

Me

A

E

C

A'

?42

3

W

5

6

Mc

KANE ARCH

PoLy

7

8Cl

?NORTHEASTERN

PENNSYLVANIA ARCH

?UNNAMED

HINGE ZONE?

?

?

?

9t

9

10

10t

11

FRONT

LATITUDE 40° N. FAULTZONE OF ROOT AND

HOSKINS (1977)t

t

t

J

11

Harrisburg

LEBANON VALLEY ALLOCH-THON OF MacLACHLANAND ROOT (1966)

L

READING PRONG

11t B'

CARBAUGH-MARSH CREEK

FAULT OF ROOT (1968)

PENNSYLVANIAMARYLAND

C O U N T I E S

OHIO A Ashtabula L Lake

PENNSYLVANIA C Cl E J L Ly Mc Me Po W

CrawfordClintonErieJuniataLebanonLycomingMcKeanMedinaPotterWarren

0 25 50 75 100 MILES

0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS

Scranton

?

?

SCRANTON GRAVITYHIGH OF DIMENT

AND OTHERS (1972)

THRUST

FAU

LT

BLU

E R

IDG

E

tC '

t STRU

CTU

RAL

FRO

NT

MARYLANDVIRGINIA

ROM

E TR

OU

GH

(min

or b

ranc

h)

ROME TROUGH

(main branch)

Pittsburgh40TH PARALLEL LINEAMENT

OF SHUMAKER (1986)

OHIO-WEST VIRGINIAHINGE ZONE

STRU

CTU

RAL

PENNSYLVANIAWEST VIRGINIA

ALLE

GH

ENY

Harrisonburg

R I D

G E

B L U E

WEST VIRGINIA

VIRGINIA

VIRGINIATENNESSEE

KENTUCKYTENNESSEE

NASHVILLE

DOME

LEXI

NG

TON

DO

ME

INDIANA

CIN

CIN

NAT

I ARC

H

E

D

C

B 1

Charleston

A P P A L A C H I A N

OHIOKENTUCKY

WEST VIRG

INIA

KENTU

CKY

Columbus

A

B A S I N

NORTHM

OU

NTA

IN

D'

E'

t

t

?

?

Figure 1.—Map of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and adjoining States showing the location ofsection B-B' and selected tectonic features.

Axis of arch

Structural front

Thrust fault—Sawteeth on upper plate

Normal fault—Bar and ball on relative downthrown side

Transverse fault

Proterozoic basement rocks at surface

Line of section (R.T. Ryder, unpub. data)

Line of section (this report)

Line of section (Ryder and others, 1992)

Line of section (Ryder, 1991)

Line of section (Ryder, 1992)

A—A'

B—B'

C—C'

D—D'

E—E'

4 Present location of drill hole used to construct sections B-B' (this report), E-E' (Ryder, 1992), D-D' (Ryder, 1991), C-C' (Ryder and others, 1992), and A-A' (R.T. Ryder, unpub. data). Number, where shown refers to drill hole as described in table 1.

Location of drill hole restored along the dotted line to approximately original position prior to westward tectonic transport. These projected positions are shown in sections B-B', C-C', D-D', and E-E'

11t

EXPLANATION

t

Gamma-ray log for respective well—logscale generally from 0 to 200 API units

0 200GR

Bald Eagle Formation Bald Eagle Formation Bald Eagle Formation

No. 1

(Warrior Formation).

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