strategic planning and climate...
TRANSCRIPT
Strategic Planning and climatechange
The usefulness of strategic planning for addressing climate change
Saskia Ruijsink (IHS)
UMTCC, June 2017
Introducing myself• Since 2007 at IHS• Before consultant in NL urban renewal• Focus on urban planning• Enrolled in PhD on urban planning, complexity,
unpredictability and the role of various actors• MSc KU Leuven Post Graduate Centre for Human
Settlement Studies (2005)• MSc TU Eindhoven Technology and Society –
International Urban Development(2004)
Objective of the session
• Explain what (strategic planning is)
• Address the difference between land-use planning and strategic planning
• Explain the added value of strategic planning for addressing climate change
Climate Change and Strategic Planning
Challenges related to climate change
Strategic planning potential for
dealing with climate change
Increased vulnerability
Guide sustainable development in
context of complexity and uncertainty
Address vulnerability
Increased complexity and
uncertainty
Urge for sustainable development
Methodology and objective of this study
• Draw lessons form experience, developrecommendations for integrating Climate Change in CDS:
a) literature review
b) empirical review of 7 cases
c) Fast Talk discussion; online & teleconference
Santa Tecla, El Salvador
Esmeraldas, Ecuador
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Kampala, Uganda
Cape Town, South Africa
Danang, Vietnam
Sorsogon &Olongapo, Philippines
Sample
City Approach Ownership and legal status Climate Change integration
Link to other plans
Cape Town (South
Africa)CDS Strategic Policy Unit, Executive
Mayor
Legally approved, informs IDP
Climate change is explicit
and linked to
environmental
sustainability
No direct / explicit link to local,
provincial or national climate change
plans
GHG inventory undertaken
Kampala (Uganda) CDS/ StrategicPlan
Kampala Capital City Authority
(KCCA)
Formally approved internal
document
Mitigation and mainly
adaptation measures are
mainstreamed
Link to the Cities and Climate Change
Initiative (CCCI) planning process
Ouagadougou
(Burkina Faso)CDS CDS committee under the Mayor
Legally approved, but not in formal
system
Focus on ‘the
environment’ and not
explicitly on Climate
Change
No explicit link to NAPA
No link to local climate change plan
Danang (Vietnam) CDS City People’s Committee/ Jica
No legal approval/ formal position
Focus on ‘the
environment’ and not
explicitly on Climate
Change
No link to local or national climate
change plan
1. Sorsogon City
2. Olongapo City
(Philippines)
Strategic Plan
City governments/ UN-Habitat
Legally approved
Focus on climate change
and disaster risk resiliency
CCCI and MDFG-1665; V&AA
GHG audit
Esmeraldas
(Ecuador)Strategic Plan
The municipality of Esmeraldas,
Legally approved
Climate Change partly
integrated
The CCCI process has linkages to
strategic planning process
Santa Tecla (El
Salvador)Strategic Plan
Mayor and municipal council
Legally approved
Adaptation and mitigation
measures are
mainstreamed, DRR link
No linkages with NAPA and plan of
Santa Tecla
Local committee for DRR and climate
change adaptation
Informs Strategic Participatory Plan
Planning: who, what, where?
• By whom?
• Orthogonal vs. ‘organic’ layout?
• Formal vs informal?
• Planned vs. unplanned: a false dichotomy
Sources:• Skyscrapercity.com• CSUDEI• PPS
Interesting links:• Studio on urban planning
in Nairobi• Placemaking In Nairobi
What is planning?
Planning means housing choice. Planning means safe communities and a better commute. Planning means communities of lasting value.
What Is Planning?
When government officials, business leaders, and citizens come together to build communities that enrich people's lives, that's planning.
American Planning Association
See: https://www.planning.org/aboutplanning/
Promises of urban/ spatial planning
• Advantages of anticipating the future
• Economy, environment and ecology and people
• Vision, shared values
• Synergy between actors, leadership
• Urban Form makes a difference(Based on UN-Habitat 2012)
Obstacles to planning• Inability to identify core issues• Inappropriate or outdated planning approaches • Weak capacity for developing and implementing
plans• Legal framework not supportive for planning• Plans do not get sufficient time/ continuity
(UN Habitat 2012)
IDEALLY“ Urban managers, planners and architects are acquainted with integrated strategic plans which are feasible to be implemented, despite the challenging circumstances of the contemporary world, such as rapidly growing cities with informal housing, social deprivation and economic decline, and changing climatic circumstances”
STRATEGIC PLANNING:Integrates the physical, environmental, ecological and spatial dimensions of planning with the social and economic ones;Focuses on creating synergies among stakeholders and their development efforts;Analyses urban problems and seizes their opportunities;
STRATEGIC PLANNING:Translates strategies and visions into a range of concrete action plans, Mobilises the commitment from politicians, funders and other stakeholders for successful implementationSelectivity rather than comprehensiveness and flexibility, rather than rigidness are needed to achieve this
Strategic Planning - What
• From Military
• Strategy is everything a general does before engaging the enemy, thereafter it is a question of tactics.
• Organizations make strategies: to be prepared for action
• Strategic (spatial) planning - preparation for choosing measures to achieve (spatial) policy goals
Strategic Planning - How• Focus on a limited number of strategic key issues
• Critical view of environment; external trends, forces & resources
• Identifies and gathers major stakeholders; civil society
• Long term vision
• Deals with power structures, uncertainties, competing values
• Develops content, new ideas, images and decision frameworks for managing and influencing spatial change;
• Is flexible and incorporates monitoring, feedback and revision
Preconditions• Clear mandates and responsibilities of all actors• Clear leadership with mandate to direct (formal)
institutions, sectoral departments and implementing agencies
• Awareness of unequal power distribution• Willingness to give up some power• Accept decisions made in a network organization• Building trust is crucial
Strategic Structure Planning: A four track approach
A frameworkAn action planPolicy -agreements
First
Second
Third
Working towards a long term vision:Hope for future
Daily PolicySolving bottlenecksaction
Engaging different actors and citizens in the planning and decision processDispute resolution
Fourth Permanent action: involving people
Time
Initiation Starting Plan making Implementation
Source: Van den Broeck, 2004
Land-use vs Strategic
• Comprehensive versus holistic
• Land versus space and place
• Professional versus people
Esmeraldas –context and plans
• 2 plans address climate change PD Y OT and CCCI
• ‘Plan de Desarrollo (PD) y OrdenamientoTerritorial (OT) 2012 – 2022’
• 2 in 1 plan:
– Development planning
– Spatial planning
• CCCI prioritize and operationalize CC
Esmeraldas –approaches and challenges
• Developing vulnerability maps
• Lack of reliable data
• Built technical expertise to collect data
• Community workshops
• Coherence with land use planning
• Spatial guidance of urban expansion
Map of flooding and landslide risk in Esmeraldas (PD & POT)
Philippines - Context
• Strong legal basis for climate integration in planning:
– Local government code (1991)- development and land use planning (CDP/ CLUP)
– Climate Change act (2009)- local climate action plan
– National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (2012)- integrate DRR in CDP and CLUP
Philippines; Sorsogon, Olongapo- plans, opportunities and challenges
• Sorsogon CCCI and MDFG-1665:– Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
– Sorsogon City Strategy for Climate Change Resilience 2010-2011
• Sorsogon: no linkages between CCCI & MDFG -1655 and CLUP & CDP budget lines
• Olongapo: CCCI- V&AA linked to Ecological Profile; input to CLUP & CDP
Esmeraldas
It is very important that dry toilets are built through such slow process and integrated into the permaculture cycle. In too many cases, NGOs and development agencies build all dry toilets at once because they want to show quick project results. Almost all of those toilets built in this manner become storage spaces or are simply abandoned, because of the lack of motivation and knowledge about its adequate use.
http://www.thepolisblog.org/2010/07/cities-and-permaculture.html
Sources:
Ma. Adelaida Mias-Mamonong, Reinero M Flores, 2008, CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT REPORT SORSOGON CITY, PHILIPPINES
Terminal Report, Sorsogon City and Climate Change Project, Sorsogon City, UN-Habitat, MDG-F 1656
PhilippinesSorsogon, Olongapo
Philippines –approach
• Multi Stakeholder Issue based Working Groups • Local and national government; NGO; CSO; Academia;
Private Sector• Thematic focus IWGs identified in V&AA:
– Livelihood (livelihood baseline workshops ; skills development for climate sensitive livelihoods )
– Environment (Conversion of public lighting fixtures to LED lights; Tricycle motor conversion from 2-stroke to 4-stroke)
– Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (SMART school design; camp coordination and management workshop ; social artistry)
– Housing and Basic Infrastructure (community action planning on house sensitized design ; house retrofitting )
Added value of strategic planning for addressing climate change
• Focus and vision
• Space and Place
• People
Added value of strategic planning for addressing climate change
• Focus and vision
• Space and Place
• People
https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news-events/news/8841-new-innovative-water-square-combines-leisure-and-storm-water-storage-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands.html
Added value of strategic planning for addressing climate change
• Focus and vision
• Space and Place
• People
Links:Rioon WatchAbahlali baseMjondolo
Source: Roberto Rocco, 2011 - https://www.slideshare.net/robrocco/participation-and-reason-in-spatial-planning-small
http://www.colorado.edu/ecenter/energyclimate-justice/general-energy-climate-info/climate-change/climate-justice; Also see: http://www.mrfcj.org/principles-of-climate-justice/
Acknowledgments• City Researchers:
– Assonsi Soma - Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou– Anna Taylor - South Africa, Cape Town– Maureen Babu- Uganda, Kampala– Viet Hung Ngo - Vietnam, Danang– Irwin Lopez- Philippines, Sorsogon and Olongapo– Fernando Argüello / Belén Barragán - Ecuador, Esmeraldas– Ingrid Olivo - El Salvador, Santa Tecla (Metropolitan Area of San Salvador)
• UN-Habitat team:– Laura Petrella– Anna Skibevaag– Raf Tuts
• Partners– Stephen Hammer (World Bank)– René Hohmann (Cities Alliance)– David Dodman (IIED)– Soraya Smaoun and Sharon Gill (UNEP)
• IHS Team:– Veronica Olivotto– Somesh Sharma– Stelios Grafakos
References• Albrechts, L., 2004. Strategic (spatial) planning re-examined. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31,
pp. 743-758. • Cities Alliance, 2011. City Development Strategy: A Conceptual Framework. s.l.:The Cities Alliance• Van den Broek, J., 2004. Strategic structure planning. In: Verschure, H. and Tuts, R. eds., 2004. Urban Trialogues.
Nairobi: UN-Habitat. Available at: http://ww2.unhabitat.org/programmes/agenda21/documents/urban_trialogues/StratStructPlanning.pdf.
• Needham, B., 2000. Making Strategic Spatial Plans: a situational Methodology. In: Salet. W. and Faludi, A, eds., 2000. The Revival of Strategic Spatial Planning. Edita KNAW, pp. 79-90.
• Bulkeley, H. & Tuts, R., 2013, Understanding urban vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change, Local Environment, 18:6, 646-662, DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2013.788479
• Albrechts, L, & Balducci, A., 2013, Practicing Strategic Planning: in search of critical features to explain the strategic character of plans, disP – The Planning Review, 49:3, 16-27, DOI: 10.1080/02513625.2013.859001
• Jef van den Broeck, Planning: a transformative activity, 44th ISOCARP Congres 2008• Ruijsink,S. & Olivotto, V., 2015, integrating climate change into city development strategies, UN-Habitat• Smith, M.E. (2007) Form and Meaning in the Earliest Cities: A New Approach to Ancient Urban Planning, Journal of
Planning History 2007 6: 3, DOI: 10.1177/1538513206293713 • UN-Habitat (2012) Urban Planning for City Leaders