Strategaeth TG ar gyfer y GymraegDr Jeremy EvasLowri Wynne WilliamsLlandrindod 24.6.05

•Beth sydd ar gael yn barod?

•Egwyddorion cyfrifiadura ar gyfer ieithoedd bychain

•Technoleg a chyfieithu: sut mae gwneud eich bywyd yn haws

Egwyddorion• Hawdd ei ddefnyddio• Technoleg gyfarwydd• Newid iaith• Sylw manwl• Ddylai defnyddio’ch iaith gostio

dim oll i’r defnyddiwr

Rhaid iddo fod yn hawdd ei ddeall

Rhaid iddo fod yn gyfarwydd

Saesneg/English

Cymraeg/Welsh

Català

Bahasa Indonesia

Basgeg/Basque

Nynorsk

Newid iaith a rhannu peiriannau

Sylw manwl...

Ŵ Ŷ

Rhaid iddo fod yn ddi-dâl

Y Strategaeth ei hun

• Lleoleiddio rhaglenni eraill•Arolygon o wefannau sector cyhoeddus

•Cyfieithu gyda chyfrifiadur•Rheoli Terminoleg

1 Introduction 51.1 Intended Audience 51.2 ‘Bilingual’ Software 51.3 Scope of Applicability 51.4 Review and Publication 61.5 Standards and Guidelines 71.6 Terminology 71.7 Document Structure 81.8 Further Information 8

2 Localisation – Guidelines, Issues and Management 92.1 Definition of ‘Localisation’ 92.2 Reasons for Localisation 9

2.2.1 The Law 92.2.2 Bilingualism in Wales Today 102.2.3 Business Opportunity 10

2.3 Project Management of Bilingual Software and Web System Development 102.3.1 Requirements Management 102.3.2 Testing & Quality Control 11

2.4 Translation & Linguistic Quality 112.4.1Consistency and Use of Standard Resources 11

2.4.2 Working with Translators 122.4.3 Outsourcing Translation 12

3 Locales, Alphabets and Character Sets 123.1 Locales 12

3.1.1 Locale Naming 123.1.2 Using a Locale 12

3.1.3Differences Between British English and British Welsh Locales 123.1.4Minimising Impact of Locale Differences 12

3.2 Alphabets 123.2.1 Character vs Letter Counts 123.2.2 Sort Order 123.2.3 Combining Alphabets & Sorting 12

3.3 Character Sets 123.3.1Explicit Specification of Character set 12

3.3.2Encoding of non-ANSI Characters 123.3.3 User Input 123.3.4 Choice of Font 12

4 Architecture and Design 124.1 Language Choice 124.2 Storing Language Preference 12

4.2.1 Application Level Profiles 124.2.2 Operating Platform Profiles 124.2.3 Limiting Preference Scope 12

4.3 Identifying Initial Language 124.4 Domain Names 12

4.5 Consistent Presence of Chosen Language 124.5.1Handling Absence of Language Elements 12

4.5.2 Identifying Inconsistency 124.6 User Interface Structures 12

4.6.1 Parallel/Mixed Text (Level 1) 124.6.2 Parallel Mirroring (Level 2) 124.6.3 Local Resource (Level 3) 124.6.4 Central Resource (Level 4) 12

4.7 Translation and Content Support Tools 124.8 Error and Event-Driven Messages12

4.9 Integration with Language Support Tools 125 User Interface 125.1 Language 12

5.1.1 Quality of Language 125.1.2 Abbreviations 12

5.1.3Policies, Disclaimers and other Legal Text 125.1.4 Simultaneous Deployment 125.1.5 Monolingual Content 12

5.2 Design & Layout 125.2.1 Parity of Design Quality 125.2.2 Mixed Language Interface 125.2.3 Anchor Components 12

5.2.4Prominence of Information with a Language Context 125.2.5 Grammar Neutrality 125.2.6 Labels & Placeholders 125.2.7 Images, Graphics and Icons 12

5.3 Common Functionality 125.3.1 Initial Language Choice 125.3.2 Language Selection 125.3.3 Searching 12

5.4 Accessibility 125.5 Graphical User Interface (GUI) 125.6 User Assistance 125.7 Installers 126 Outputs 126.1 General Guidance 126.2 Monolingual or Bilingual 126.3 Layout and Format 12

6.3.1 Mixed/Parallel Text 126.3.2 Sequential Text 126.3.3 Alternating Pages 126.3.4 Separate Objects 12

6.4 Mail Merge 126.5 Character Set 126.6 Reports 126.7 Emails 12

6.7.1 Subject Line 126.7.2 Subject Line Modifiers 126.7.3 Disclaimers and other text 126.7.4 Attachments 126.7.5 Email Address Domain Names 126.7.6 Reply Name and Address 12

7 Data Management 127.1 General Guidance 127.2 Identifying Bilingual Data 127.3 Managing Bilingual Data 127.4 Handling Third Party Data 127.5 Enumerated Data Items 12

7.6 Mandatory, Optional or Inappropriate 127.7 Data Capture 12

7.7.1Automated Data Entry/Procurement 127.7.2 Manual Data Entry 127.7.3 Encouraging Bilingual Data Entry 127.7.4 Providing Data Objects 12

7.8 Data Storage 127.8.1 Character Sets 127.8.2 Sort Orders 127.8.3 Normalisation 127.8.4 Enumerated Items 127.8.5 Analysis 12

7.9 Data Display 127.10Data Transmission and Interfaces127.11Meta-Data 12

7.11.1 Creating Meta-Data 127.11.2 Managing Meta-Data 127.11.3 Using Meta-Data 12

7.12Postal Addresses 128 e-Government Interoperability Framework (e-GIF) 12

8.1 General Note on English Language Items of Enumerated Data 128.2 e-Government Metadata Standard (e-GMS) 128.3 Government Data Standards Catalogue (GDSC) 12

8.4 Technical Standards Catalogue (TSC) & e-Services Development Framework (e-SDF) 129 Resources & Bibliography 129.1 Character Sets 129.2 Language Resources 12

9.2.1 Canolfan Bedwyr 129.3 Welsh Language Board 12

9.4 Localisation & Multilingual Computing 129.5 e-Government Standards & Guidelines: 12

9.6 Other 12

•Marciau diacritig a Gwefannau

• Technoleg Llais• Rheoli llif gwaith cyfieithu• Cyfieithu Peirianyddol• MT, SR, TTS

Cof cyfieithu: y ffordd ymlaen?

http://www.wordfast.net/

Ydych chi'n defnyddio meddalwedd cof cyfieithu?

15%

84%

1%

Ydw Nac ydw Dim yn cyfieithu ar hyn o bryd

• “Ar y cyfan, canfuodd yr arolwg nad oes llawer o aelodau a chyfeillion CCC yn gyfarwydd â meddalwedd cof cyfieithu. Nid ydynt yn gweld yr angen ar hyn o bryd o ran cwsmeriaid yn gofyn amdano”

• Hefyd......• Mae’r galw am hyfforddiant ar greu a

defnyddio cof cyfieithu yn aruthrol

“The main objective of TM should be to improve the quality of text. Speed should be a side benefit”

Panel trafod yr ITI(Cynhadledd 2003, Warwick)

Crynodeb Cof Cyfieithu• Angen hyfforddiant cyson• Cysondeb terminoleg• Ansawdd y cyfieithiad• Dileu diflastod ac ailadrodd• Posibiliadau rhannu cofion cyfieithu

rhwng cyfieithwyr• Angen manteisio i’r eithaf ar

dechnoleg o bob math er budd y Gymraeg

yn fa

wr ia

wn

diolch