storage networking 8
TRANSCRIPT
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Storage Networking 101SAN Solutions
David J. MossinghoffDirector, Storage Solutions
Forsythe Solutions GroupJune, 2006
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Overview
The focus of this session is architecting networkedstorage for the enterprise and will include tips onimplementing a tiered network storageinfrastructure for both local and remote access…
In this session you will learn:• The current state of networked storage protocols, how they relate to
disk technologies and where these SNW technologies will merge anddiverge.
• How to best utilize file or block based storage for Fibre Channel, IPprotocols and for your storage network.
• What are the areas of “storage intelligence” in networked storagetoday, and what might the future hold?
• Factors to consider when building a total cost of ownershipcomparison between the different technologies and protocols.
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Agenda
• Information Management: the Big Picture
• Today’s Storage Challenges
• Introduction to Storage NetworkingArchitectures
• The “6 Levels of Storage Networking”
• Virtualization- with focus on SAN
• Q & A
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The Big Picture
Main Focustoday is on storage
networking technology
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Today’s Storage Challenges
• Selecting the right mix of storagetechnology
• Streamlining the process of managing
resources• Improving availability of data, with
adequate protection/security• Providing for your company’s current and
future storage needs• Delivering cost effective solutions that
meet the business needs
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Value of Storage Networking
• Key enabler for server/storage consolidation,“tiering”, and virtualization • More effective and efficient data availability
– High operational availability
– Enhanced Backup & Recovery– Enhanced Disaster Recovery & Restart
• Improved scalability, provisioning, utilization ofstorage capacity
• Improved application performance• Improved data/file sharing• Enabler for significant TCO savings for data &
storage management
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Proof points
* Source: IDC IT Management Survey - 2005
• Top reasons for deploying a SAN*
– Improved back-up & recovery 46%– Server and storage consolidation 40%– On-going demands for additional capacity 37%– Improved application performance 31%– Improved disaster recovery 27%
– New project or application deployment 23%
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Networked Storage TechnologiesSAN
Storage areane tworks
NASNetwork-attached
s torage
CASContent-addressed
s torage
Type oftransport
Fibre Channel (FCP,FICON);IP (iSCSI, FCIP,iFCP)
IP (front end),Optional-FC(backend)
IP
Type of data Block File Object,fixed content
Keyrequirement
High Operationalavailability,Deterministicperformance
Multi-protocolFile sharing
Long term retention,integrity assurance
Typicalapplications
OLTP, datawarehousing, ERP
Software and productdevelopment;fileserverconsolidation
ContentManagement,Compliant storageand retrieval
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Storage & SNW Technology Alternatives
DAS
ApplicationServer
FileSystem
JBOD orBasic Disk
SCSI,
FC,ATA
NAS/CAS
RAID
File System
TCP/IP EthernetSwitch
ApplicationServer
ApplicationServer
SAN
FCPSwitch/Director
ApplicationServer
ApplicationServer
iSCSI/IP EthernetSwitch
RAID
FileSystem
FileSystem
High cost-of-ownership-utilization,managementInflexibleSneaker-netmanagement
Transmission optimized forI/O block data movementSeparates LAN and SANFC SAN is matureiSCSI is “emerging” and
viable
Transmission optimizedfor file or “Objectoriented” transactions IO traffic travels overEthernetFor NAS – May also use
gateway into FC SAN
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SAN Characteristics
• Service level “enablers”
– Operational availability
– Reliability and serviceability– Performance (response time and throughput)
– Scalability (with performance)
– Provisioning ability for new ports/connections
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SAN Characteristics
• Related key characteristics– Viability of manufacturer/market share
– Quality of partnership with your company
– Quality of service and support
– Certified support of required servers/OS levels
– Efficient and effective SAN manageability
• Total cost sensitivity (Price = Cost)
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Key Priorities: An example
Similar for other "Key Charactertics"Priority Legend:
Very HighHigh
MediumLow
Lowest
F C D i r e c t o r
o r
C o l l a p s e d C o r e
S A N E x t e n s i o n
F C C o r e < > E
d g e
D i r e c t o r + S w i t c h
F C S w i t c h
I P S A N
D A S
Typical Storage Tier Supported: Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier 1, 2 Tier 2,3 Tier 3 Tier 3, 4Storage Connectivity Service
Levels/Characteristics
Relative
Priority
Relative
Priority
Relative
Priority
Relative
Priority
Relative
Priority
Relative
PriorityService levels
AvailabilityReliability/Servicability
PerformanceScalability
Provisioning
Price Sensitivity
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Economics - Storage Connectivity
Connectivity Server Path Mgt Cost of Type Image Size Software Connect.
(not included)FC Director/Collapsed Core Very Large Probable 12,400$
SAN Ext. (Bridge/Router) N/A N/A 8,000$
FC Core<> Edge Large Probable 4,700$
FC Switch Large,Med Potential 3,700$
FC Switch Med N/A 1,850$
IP Switch/FC Bridge Med,Small Potential 1,600$
IP Switch Med,Small Potential 1,130$IP Switch/FC Bridge Small N/A 765$
IP Switch Small N/A 565$
Includes director, switch, HBA, cabling costs over 3 yrs.
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6 Levels of Storage Networking
Direct AttachedStorage(DAS)
Levels of Data Availability
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Problem: Stranded Storage
• Poor use of disk capacity• Inadequate data protection – may lead to
artificial server growth
• Minimal-to-no disk storage management• Difficult to share data between applications• Major inhibitor: cost of FC SAN connectivity
may be higher than server cost!
Gigabit/100Mb - Ethernet / IP
Servers with d irec t- at tached s torage
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6 Levels of Storage Networking
FC SANSwitchBased(Local)
Levels of Data Availability
Direct AttachedStorage(DAS)
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FC SAN-Switch Design
1Gb,2Gb, 4Gb Switch 1Gb,2Gb, 4Gb Sw itch
ServersSingle or Dual
FC HBA’s
Fibre ChannelGigabit/100Mb Ethernet / IP
F-port
F-port F-port
F-port
N-ports
N-ports
Node (N) port
Fabric (F) Port
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FC SAN with FC Switches
• Simple design• Low cost relative to other FC SAN
alternatives
• Scales well from a few to 100 usable ports• Simple to manage• Universally supported / certified
• Multiple manufacturer / HBA provideroptions• Larger environments may have multiple
“SAN Islands”
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FC SAN-Switch Design-Mesh
1 Gb,2Gb, 4Gb Sw itches1 Gb,2Gb, 4Gb Sw itches
ServersSingle or Dual
FC HBA’s
Fibre ChannelGigabit/100Mb Ethernet / IP
Scales up to 100 usable ports
ISL’s (“hops”)
E-ports usedTo link Switches
& Create ISL’s
E-Ports
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IP StorageNetworks(Local orDistance)
(NAS, iSCSI)
6 Levels of Storage Networking
Direct AttachedStorage(DAS)
FC SANSwitchBased(Local)
Levels of Data Availability
$-
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
($K)
2005 2006 2007 2008
iSCSI Marke t
WW Market
Source: IDC- 2006
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• Data growth, sharing, and server proliferation can beexpensive and cumbersome to manage
• Scalability, data availability, and sharing can be amajor problem with a DAS environment
• Over-provisioning and data protection complexity
make DAS increasingly expensive• Applications may require a block based (DAS or a
SAN) solution• Other applications may benefit from a file based (NAS)
solution• Cost, complexity and lack of expertise can prohibittraditional Fibre Channel SAN implementation
• IP storage networking (iSCSI & NAS) can addressthese challenges
IP Storage – Why the ―Buzz?
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Advantages of IP Networking• Common and well proven technology
– Low acquisition costs– Standards-based solutions– Commodity economics– Ethernet in every corporation
• Low management costs– Familiar network technology and management tools– Proven reliable/interoperable transport infrastructure
• Local area and wide area networkconnectivity
– WAN enables remote data replication and disaster recovery
• Long-term viability– Large R&D investment profile, strong roadmap– 10Gb Ethernet emerging – significant for IP storage
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Why iSCSI is Important
• NAS has proven IP storage networking viability• iSCSI software initiators included with major
operating systems eases to deployment of IPSANs
• Networking capabilities can simplify IP SANmanagement
• Lower cost infrastructure broadens reach of IPSAN solutions
• Leveraging IP networking investments andknowledge base lowers total cost of ownership
iSCSI is a viable IP-SAN solution today!
(for the right applications)
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iSCSI Building Blocks
• iSCSI is SCSI-3 command framesencapsulated in IP packets (Typically over GbE)– IETF standard documented RFC3720
• HOST/INITIATOR– iSCSI Software Initiator (NIC)
– TCP Off-load Engine (TOE)– iSCSI Host Bus Adapter (HBA) (some support remote
boot)• DISK ARRAY/TARGET
– Handled by iSCSI compatible storage array• iSCSI software target driver• Standard NIC connectivity• iSCSI to FC-SAN bridges available from multiple
manufacturers
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Solution —iSCSI Integration
• Connects servers via iSCSI to existing fibre channel SAN– Low cost per server connection
• Leverages existing IP network/skills• Improved usage and flexibility of storage assets to
applications
• Improved ability for centralized data protection
Fibre ChannelGigabit/100Mb Ethernet / IP
Storage consolida ted on SAN
Servers connec tedto SAN v ia iSCSI
iSCSI toFC SAN Br idge
iSCSI Disk A rray(iSCSI - Tape is als o po ss ible)
FC SANF1/F2
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Proof Points -Performance
Enterprise Strategy Group Validation study (4/04) – http://www.netapp.com/tech_library/ftp/analyst/ar1023.pdf
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Proof Points - Performance
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Throughput(TPM)
DAS iSCSI FC
iSCSI performance is close to FC4000 SQL us ers AND 4000 Notes User s AND 8 SAS Queries
Throughput Improvem ent: N/A 33% 44%Response Time Improvement: N/A 63% 88%
Enterprise Strategy Group Validation study (4/04) – http://www.netapp.com/tech_library/ftp/analyst/ar1023.pdf
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FC SAN-DirectorBased ,Dual Fabric(Local)
6 Levels of Storage Networking
Direct AttachedStorage(DAS)IP Storage
Networks(Local orDistance)
FC SANSwitchBased(Local)
(NAS, iSCSI)
Levels of Data Availability
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FC Director Design Options
2 and/or 4 Gb FC linkTrunking
256 Por t
Director
140 Por t
Director
64 po rtDirector
F1 F2 F2F1
ISL/HopISL/Hop
Tape and/orVirtual Tape
Subsystem(s)
Required Connectivity to eachDirector and Fabric
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FC SAN “Core<> Edge”
Or “Collapsed Core” Multi-Fabric
(Local)
6 Levels of Storage Networking
Direct AttachedStorage(DAS)IP Storage
Networks(Local orDistance)
FCSANSwitchBased
(Local)FC SAN-DirectorBased,Dual Fabric(Local)
Levels of Data Availability
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Large SAN Connectivity Concern
• Inter-switch links (ISLs) used to link switches and/ordirectors to build larger SANs• Multiple ISLs are typically required for performance• Server/storage ports go down; effective price goes up• ISL traffic is static; links may be under-utilized
ISL’s
S e r v e r s
10% ISL usage30%60%90%
Solution Trunking
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Solution —Trunking(with Automatic Load Balancing)
• Fabric-data traffic more evenly distributed among ISLs• All ISLs share bandwidth• Overall bandwidth improved• Network design and administration is simplified
Trunk
S
e r v e r s
~50% usage~50% usage~50% usage~50% usage
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What is a ―Fan -in-Ratio? • When using a “core<>edge” design, it is
important to consider the “fan in ratio” • Measure of the relative incoming “max
bandwidth” to the available ISL bandwidth intothe core
• Example:– Servers have 1 Gb FC HBA’s coming into 32 -port FC switches
(2Gb capable)– Switches are connected via ISL’s to core directors (which are
also 2 Gb capable -presume ISL Trunking is enabled)
– If (3) 2Gb ISL’s per switch are used, the “Fan -in- Ratio” is: • 32 ports – 3 ports = 29 ports * 1 Gb @ = 29 Gb• (3) ISL’s * 2 Gb = 6Gb • 29 Gb/6Gb = 5:1 (approx) “fan -in- ratio” … (good R.O.T)
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Director / Switch Scalability
Up to 64
64 to 256
256 to >1,000
LeastComplexity
Highest Availability
Lowest
AcquisitionCost
Number ofHosts
SwitchesSwitchesSwitches
Switches
Director
Director
Switches
Director
Switches
Director
Director
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Advantages of Core:Edge
• Scalability - Up to (16) switch domains can beattached to each director fabric– Director “E - Ports” are auto -sensing
• Scalability example of usable ports (non-ISL) – (2) 64-port directors+edge switches = 650 u-ports– (2) 140 – port directors+edge switches = 1,100 u-ports– (2) 256-port directors+edge switches = 1,326 u-ports
• The effective cost per port is reduced vs. an alldirector solution– Due to lower cost per port of FC Switches– Scalability within a fabric is increased more economically
• If designed properly– No single points of failure in the SAN (for dual path servers)
– Performance scales with port count
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SAN overDistance
(Replication,Remote Tape,Extended SAN)
Gigaman, OCx,DWDM
iFCP, FCiP
Bridging/Routing
6 Levels of Storage Networking
Direct AttachedStorage(DAS)IP Storage
Networks(Local orDistance)
FC SANSwitchBased(Local)
FC SAN-DirectorBasedDual Fabric(Local)
FC SAN “Core<> Edge”
Or “Collapsed Core” Multi-Fabric
(Local)
(NAS, iSCSI)
Levels of Data Availability
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Extending the SAN over Distance
• Gateway-to-gateway protocol– either FCP, FCIP or iFCP
• Supports direct Fibre Channel connection tostorage• Provide either server<> Storage and/or
Array<>Array connectivity
IP routingE_Port terminationE_Port termination
Fibre Channeldir/switch
FCPgateway
FCPgateway
Fibre Channeldir/switch
MAN /WAN
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FCP
• High “metro optical network” bandwidth (DWDM)
• SAN extension through ISLs creates large set of fabrics• Propagation of faults across entire fabric• Service disruptions from fabric changes impacts all fabrics
• Custom network configurations supported with SONET or ATM
Fibre ChannelDWDM link
MON(dark Fibre)
Remote/Repl icat ion s i teExis t ing SAN
SANF1/F2
SANF1/F2
FCP/DWDMGateway
FCP/DWDMGateway
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FCIP
• SAN extension through ISLs creates large set of fabrics• Propagation of faults across entire fabric
• Service disruptions from fabric changes impacts all fabrics• Custom network configurations supported with SONET or ATM
• Optional data compression and fast write features can resultin higher throughput and lower network costs
Fibre ChannelGigabit Ethernet / IP
Remote/Repl icat ion s i teExis t ing SAN
FCiPGateway
FCiPGateway
IPNetwork
SANF1/F2
SANF1/F2
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iFCP Solution
• iFCP protocol provides “fabric isolation” between sites • Prevents fault propagation / zone definition isolation• Optional data compression and fast write features can
result in higher throughput and lower network costs
iFCPGateway
IPNetwork
Fibre ChannelGigabit Ethernet / IP
Repl ica tion s i t eExis t ing SAN
iFCPGateway
SANF1/F2
SANF3/F4
SAN Cabling Considerations
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SAN Cabling Considerations(Speed and Distance Matters)
Fiber Optic Glass PortSpeed
OperatingDistanceFilament Core
50 micron 1 Gb/s 500 m(multi-mode) 2 Gb/s 300 m
4 Gb/s 150 m62.5 micron 1 Gb/s 300 m
(multi-mode) 2 Gb/s 150 m
4 Gb/s 70 m9 micron 1 Gb/s 10 km
(single-mode) 2 Gb/s 10 km4 Gb/s 2 km
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6 Levels of Storage Networking
Direct AttachedStorage(DAS)IP Storage
Networks(Local orDistance)
FC SANSwitchBased(Local)
FC SAN-DirectorBasedDual Fabric(Local)
FC SAN “Core<> Edge”
Or “Collapsed Core” Multi-Fabric
(Local)
SAN overDistance
(Replication,Remote Tape,Extended SAN)
Gigaman, OCx,DWDM
FCP, iFCP, FCiP
Bridging/Routing
(NAS, iSCSI)
Virtualization
Levels of Data Availability
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Storage and SAN Virtualization
• Environment profile where this applies– Multiple, heterogeneous storage arrays– Multiple “SAN islands” – Volatile environment, rapid growth rates– “Multi - tenancy” (and potentially formal chargeback) is
important– Need for improved QoS for storage resources– Total cost of ownership sensitivity
• SAN is required for heterogeneous storagevirtualization– And the “storage - V” intelligence may exist in the SAN
• The SAN itself may be virtualized– VSAN’s (logical), SAN partitions (physical)
Virtualization –
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Virtualization What Problems are we solving?
• Enables lower TCO and higher effectivenessand efficiency of the enterprise storageresources– Standardize and simplify the “storage operating
environments” – Common local replication– Common remote replication– Simplifies and speeds provisioning– May provide “concurrent data movement” in the storage
hierarchy (key for implementing ILM and tiered storage)– Single pane of glass storage management– SAN and storage “multi - tenancy” – Improved QoS and chargeback
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SAN Based Storage Virtualization
2 and/or 4 Gb linkTrunking
FC
Director
SAN Virtualizationengine
(Blade or Applianc e)
ISL
Required Connectivity to eachDirector and Fabric
VirtualizationControl Workstation
(Metadata)
Ethernet
All “virtualized” IO goes through theVirtualization EnginePrior to going to disk
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SAN Virtualization
Dynamic Partitioning:• Partitioning enables a “virtual director”
• Each director fourpartitions (V-directors)
• Partitions own a subset ofthe ports on the system
• Partitions are managedindependently and
remain isolated fromother partitions
• Common SANmanagement console forall partitions Web
services
Financialapplication
ERP
Vi t l SAN (VSAN )
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Virtual SANs (VSANs)
• Similar concept to partitioning– Defined logically (less physical segregation)– Up to (4) VSAN’s/director are logically defined
• Inter-VSAN Routing
– Allows sharing of centralized storage services, such astape libraries and disks, across VSANs
– Distributed, scaleable, and highly resilient architecture
– Transparent to third-party switches
• Quality-of-Service (QoS) Advanced TrafficManagement– Example: Prioritizing latency-sensitive OLTP transactions
over throughput-intensive data-warehousing or B/U traffic
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Conclusion:
The focus of this session was architectingnetworked storage for the enterprise and includedtips on implementing a tiered network storageinfrastructure for both local and remote access…
In this session, (hopefully) you learned:• The current state of networked storage protocols, how they relate to
disk technologies and where these SNW technologies will merge anddiverge.
• How to best utilize file or block based storage for Fibre Channel, IP
protocols and for your storage network.• What are the areas of “storage intelligence” in networked storage
today, and what might the future hold?• Factors to consider when building a total cost of ownership
comparison between the different technologies and protocols.
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Questions?
David J. Mossinghoff
Forsythe Solutions Group
(913) 323-6857