stem cells and regenerative medicine
DESCRIPTION
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. Outline of Presentation. What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?• What are the different types of stem cells?• Fertilization and embryonic development• What makes stem cells unique?• How do we culture stem cells?• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?• Conclusion and future directions
What is stem cell research?
• Understand more about development, aging, disease– Experimental model systems
• Prevent or treat diseases and injuries– Cell-based therapies– Pharmaceutical development
• Includes testing and drug delivery
Trachea transplantation:Example of stem cell-based tissue regeneration
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?• What are the different types of stem cells?• Fertilization and embryonic development• What makes stem cells unique?• How do we culture stem cells?• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?• Conclusion and future directions
This cellCan form the
Embryo and placenta
This cellCan form the
embryo
Fully mature
Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) CellsGenetically engineering new stem cells
Skin cells iPS cells
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?• What are the different types of stem cells?• Fertilization and embryonic development• What makes stem cells unique?• How do we culture stem cells?• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?• Conclusion and future directions
In the IVF procedure, sperm and eggs “interact” in a dish leading to insemination.They literally swim up to the egg and burrow toward the nucleus.The first one to get there wins, and all others are blocked out.
Male fertility issue: Sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg. They may choose to have Intra(within)-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Day 1
Day 1
Day 1
Day 2
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
EmbryonicStemCells
Day 5
At what point is this a fetus? • Days 7-14: Uterine implantation• Day 14: Three distinct layers begin to form (no
more pluripotent stem cells)• Days 14-21: Beginning of future nervous system• Days 21-24: Beginning of future face, neck,
mouth, and nose• Weeks 3-8: Beginning of organ formation
This picture is Week 5
• Week 5-8+: Now it’s called a fetus (no consensus on a single timepoint)
Embryonic Development: Fish model
Keller et al. 2008
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?• What are the different types of stem cells?• Fertilization and embryonic development• What makes stem cells unique?• How do we culture stem cells?• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?• Conclusion and future directions
Symmetric cell division
Asymmetric cell division
1. Self-renews 2. Differentiates
Progenitor cell
Stem cell Stem cell
SELF – RENEWAL
DIFFERENTIATION
DIFFERENTIATION
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?• What are the different types of stem cells?• Fertilization and embryonic development• What makes stem cells unique?• How do we culture stem cells?• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?• Conclusion and future directions
Signals to Stem Cells
Other Cells
Matrix Molecules
Self-Renewal
Soluble Factors
Differentiation
Little, et al. Chemical Reviews (2008).
Embryonic stem cells in the dish:How do we culture ES cells?
Culture methods
Yellow
pH 6.8 – slightly acidic 8.4 – slightly basic
Red
7.0 - Neutral
Fluorescent imaging of embryonicstem cell colonies.
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?• What are the different types of stem cells?• Fertilization and embryonic development• What makes stem cells unique?• How do we culture stem cells?• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?• Conclusion and future directions
Spinal cord injury:Example of embryonic stem cell-based therapy
Geron video: http://www.geron.com/grnopc1clearance/
Stem cells for drug deliveryMore focused delivery, fewer side affects
NSCs injected
(no tumor)
NSCs injected (tumor)
Day 0 Day 7 Day 14
Shah et al. Dev Neurosci 2004
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?• What are the different types of stem cells?• Fertilization and embryonic development• What makes stem cells unique?• How do we culture stem cells?• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?• Conclusion and future directions
Why do researchers want to use embryonic stem cells along with other technologies?• Pluripotent
– Expanded developmental potential allows them to be used in ways that adult stem cells cannot
• Can proliferate indefinitely in culture• Easier to obtain than adult stem cells
Science is discovering the unknown
• Stem cell field is still in its infancy• Human embryonic stem cell research is a decade old,
adult stem cell research has 30-year head start• Holds hope for curing or improving treatments for
70+ diseases
How can you help to shape the direction of this field?
Students: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/stemcell2010
Teacher: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/stemcellteach2010
Take our survey please!
If enough time!
• Continue on to talk about chemical engineering.
Chemical engineering• Cells can be grown in 2D
• Some chemical engineers find new surfaces to grow cells on/in that promote proliferation or differentiation
or 3D
Interpenetrating Polymer Network
Saha, K et al. J Biomed Mater Res A. (2007)Harbers, G. M., et. al. Langmuir. (2005)Bearinger, JP et al., J. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed. (1998)
NH
O
NH
O
Free radical polymerization
NNH
O
H
OHO
O
OO
O1000
Free radical polymerization
H2NO NH2
3400 N O N
O
O O
O
N aO3SO
Acetyl-CGGNGEPRGDTYRAY-NH2Bsp-RGD (15)
Bacterium
Selecting for adhesion molecules
• Grow Bacteria having adhesion molecules + stem cells
• Wash away non-adherent bacteria
• Identify the molecules that stuck
Bacterium
BacteriumBacterium
Bacterium
Stem Cell
H2NO NH2
3400 N O N
O
O O
O
N aO3SO
NH
O
NH
O
Free radical polymerization
NNH
O
H
OHO
O
OO
O1000
Free radical polymerization
Stem cell Stem cell