Iron ore

The range of input values differ according to route

Ironmaking Steelmaking Semi-finished products

Hot-rolled products

Long

Pro

duct

sFl

at P

rodu

cts

Finishing operations

Limestone

Coal

Scrap

Alternative fuels

Naturalgas

Billets

Blooms

Slabs

worldsteel.org

Co-productsand their uses

Please note: This diagram aims to show steelmaking today. This diagram does not feature the new input materials and processes that are being developed and will dramatically change how we make steel in the next 30 years as we transition to the low carbon economy.

1

8 9

2 3 4 5 6 7Input raw materials

Raw materials preparation

Rails Cold rolling

Metal coating

Painting

Structural shapes

Welded / seamlesstubes

Wire rods

Bars

Rebar

Coils

Plate

Steel applications

The steelmaking process

Two main routes

O U T P U T P R O D U C T S

Direct reduction of iron ore

Blast furnace

Sinter plant / Pellet plant

Coke oven

Refining

Continuous casting

Electric arcfurnace

Electricity

Oxygen

Basic oxygenfurnace

Supplementaryheating fuels

Wind turbines

Buildings and factories

Packaging

Ships and containers

Motor vehicles

Plant / Machinery

Bridges

Medicalequipment

White goods

Metalproducts

Rail tracks and trains

Solar panels

Pipes

Furniture

Internal use as reducing agents

Cement for roadconstruction

Paving stonesfor hydraulicengineering

Sea forestation

Fertilisers and soil improvement

Internal and external use of iron and alloying elements

Use as input material for the chemical industry

Carbon capture and utilisation

Slag

Dust and sludge

Chemicals

Emulsions and usedoils

Processgases Heat and electricity