state and federal policies concerning outdoor recreation #8988-d
TRANSCRIPT
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STATE AND FEDERAL POLICIES CONCERNING OUTDOOR RECREATION
#8988-D
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Introduction
• State and federal agencies manage the use of natural resources, both consumptive and non-consumptive.
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• The goal of state and federal agencies for recreation was once to provide park and recreation services.
• That goal has changed.
Photo by Jim Peaco courtesy of Yellowstone Park, National Park Service, DOI.
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• Providing recreation is a private industry.
• This does not exclude private industry from working with state and federal laws.
• The state agencies continue to provide recreation outlets to the public.
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State Policy
• State agencies are closer to the people than the federal government.
• They are the link between community needs and a voice in federal government.
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• Planning and research help states make recreational use of resources available to the public at the lowest cost.
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• It was the Depression, in the early 1930’s, that showed the need for recreation.
• It prompted federal government to provide state funding for recreational development.
Photo courtesy of USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
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• The Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 matched state funds for recreational land use planning.
• At the same time, the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities created state committees to provide funds and encourage creative activities.
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Currently, the following are the seven major functions of the state in leisure and recreation.
• Policy development and local governments;
• Provision of areas, facilities, and services;
• Management of plants and wildlife;
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• Research and education;
• Promotion of tourism;
• Establishment and enforcement of standards and regulations; and
• Cooperation with federal agencies.
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• Each state has an agency that sets natural resource use policy.
• In Texas, it is the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission.
• They make the rules and policies that direct the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
• All states have a similar body.
Policy Development and Local Governments
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• Parks and historical sites in Texas offer comfortable places for guests.
• These include
Provision of Areas, Facilities, and Services
• Bed and breakfasts,
• Cabins,
• Lodges,
• Barracks,
• Bunkhouses,
• Dining & recreation halls, and
• Screened shelters.
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• Campers can share park facilities.
• Access is provided for a fee.
• The length of stay can range from hours to days or even weeks.
• Sites available for disabled Americans.
• States do not manage national parks.
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• The state agency will manage wildlife, both plants and animals.
• A strong fauna community is the result of the right plants in the habitat.
Management of Plants and Wildlife
Photo by M. Jasek.
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• State biologists monitor conditions and make recommendations to the state commission.
• State agencies, such as the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality, assist private landowners.
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Research and Education
Research and education are major activities of all states.
Photo by Elise Smith courtesy of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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In Texas, the TP&WD sponsors the following educational programs:
• Hunter Education,
• Angler Education,
• Boater Safety,
• Exploring Texas,
• Project WILD, Photo by Richard Enriquez courtesy of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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• Outdoor Kids Network,
• Becoming an Outdoors-Woman,
• Summer Camps, and
• Community Outdoor Outreach Program.
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• Research is ongoing.
• It is aimed at providing a well-managed state flora and fauna.
• The result is sustained outdoor recreation for the public.
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Promotion of Tourism
• Tourism is a major economic industry in many states.
• Historical sites and parks are available in every state.
• This is another means of recreation for the public.
Photo by M. Jasek.
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Establishment and Enforcement of Standards and Regulations
• Recreation includes everything from hunting to nature walks.
• Laws and policies control activities.
• Each state has their own wildlife and recreation code and the governing agency to enforce that code.
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• In Texas, about 500 game wardens in the Law Enforcement Division of the TP&WD work to enforce that code.
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Cooperation with Federal Agencies
• Each state governs its own resources.
• Although independent of the federal government, states still comply with federal guidelines.
• State policy cannot conflict with federal guidelines.
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Federal Policy
• More than 70 federal agencies affect recreation.
• The Bureau of Outdoor Recreation (BOR), established in 1963, and the Land and Water Conservation Fund, 1964, are two pieces of landmark legislation for recreation.
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• The Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service replaced the BOR in 1978.
• One of its duties was to conduct a National Recreation Survey.
• It was abolished in 1981 and the National Park Service assumed its duties.
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• In the late 1980’s, the National Forest Service was asked by the NPS to coordinate the next survey.
• The Outdoor Recreation and Wilderness Assessment Group is the research branch of the National Forest Service.
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• Working with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, they share the responsibility of conducting the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment (NSRE).
• The survey includes questions related to the following issues.
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• People’s wildlife and wilderness uses;
• Environmental issues;
• Attitudes regarding public and management issues; and
• Recreational needs of people with challenging and disabling conditions.
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Major agencies that deal with land allotment and recreation are as follows:
• National Park Service,
• U. S. Forest Service,
• U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
• U. S. Army Corps of Engineers,
• Extension Service, and
• U. S. Travel and Tourism.
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Many laws have been enacted over the years.
The following are some of the major pieces of legislation related to outdoor recreation.
• 1891 Forest Legislation Act
• 1916 National Park Service Act
• 1935 Historic Sites Act
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• 1956 Fish and Wildlife Act
• 1963 Bureau of Outdoor Recreation Organic Act
• 1965 Land and Water Conservation Act
• 1968 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
• 1969 National Environmental Policy Act
• 1970 Environmental Education Act
• 1983 National Trails System Act
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