STANFORD FORUM ON STANFORD FORUM ON JUVENILE JUSTICE JUVENILE JUSTICE

REFORMREFORM

California Department of California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,Corrections and Rehabilitation,

Division of Juvenile JusticeDivision of Juvenile Justice

A Reformed State System A Reformed State System within an Idealized Juvenile within an Idealized Juvenile

Justice SystemJustice System

March 3, 2006March 3, 2006

The charge of this group is The charge of this group is reform of the state’s juvenile reform of the state’s juvenile

corrections system. It is corrections system. It is guided by the requirements guided by the requirements

of the Farrell v. Hickman of the Farrell v. Hickman lawsuit.lawsuit.

But the state does not operate in a vacuum. A reformed state system will influence the future shape of juvenile justice throughout California. What might that look like?

““The fragmentation of the juvenile The fragmentation of the juvenile justice system presents a barrier to justice system presents a barrier to those who would bring change to those who would bring change to juvenile justice. Fragmentation juvenile justice. Fragmentation clearly prevents juveniles from clearly prevents juveniles from

receiving just treatment under the receiving just treatment under the law, because state and local units law, because state and local units operate autonomously, with little operate autonomously, with little

coordination or cooperation at any coordination or cooperation at any level.” (Bartolas & Miller from level.” (Bartolas & Miller from

Juvenile Justice in America)Juvenile Justice in America)

•

HIGH LEVELS OFHIGH LEVELS OF COORDINATION AND COORDINATION AND

COOPERATION BETWEEN LOCAL COOPERATION BETWEEN LOCAL (COUNTY) AND STATE JUVENILE (COUNTY) AND STATE JUVENILE

CORRECTIONSCORRECTIONS Ideally, the state funds local Ideally, the state funds local

entities to treat less serious entities to treat less serious offenders at the local leveloffenders at the local level Reclaim OhioReclaim Ohio Pennsylvania Act 148Pennsylvania Act 148 Missouri Juvenile Court Diversion Missouri Juvenile Court Diversion

ProgramProgram Louisiana Act 1225Louisiana Act 1225

CONDUCT SCREENING AND CONDUCT SCREENING AND ASSESSMENTS AT CRITICAL ASSESSMENTS AT CRITICAL

DECISION POINTS FOR JUVENILE DECISION POINTS FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERSOFFENDERS

Screening at point of being taken into Screening at point of being taken into custodycustody

Screening and Assessment at Court IntakeScreening and Assessment at Court Intake Screening and Assessment in Pre-trial Screening and Assessment in Pre-trial

detentiondetention Screening and Assessment upon entrance Screening and Assessment upon entrance

into secure confinementinto secure confinement Reassessment prior to return to the Reassessment prior to return to the

communitycommunity Reassessment prior to revocation Reassessment prior to revocation

decision decision

ESTABLISH A ESTABLISH A DECENTRATLIZED SERVICE DECENTRATLIZED SERVICE

DELIVERY SYSTEMDELIVERY SYSTEM

Set up geographic regionsSet up geographic regions Establish full continuum of programs and Establish full continuum of programs and

services within each region (secure, services within each region (secure, community-based case management)community-based case management)

Give Regional Administrator a budget Give Regional Administrator a budget with flexible dollars to purchase with flexible dollars to purchase programs locallyprograms locally

Vest Regional Administrator with Vest Regional Administrator with decision making for all non-violent decision making for all non-violent juvenile offenders juvenile offenders Massachusetts DYS and Missouri DYSMassachusetts DYS and Missouri DYS

DECENTRALIZED SERVICE DECENTRALIZED SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMDELIVERY SYSTEM

TWO GUIDING PRINCIPLESTWO GUIDING PRINCIPLES1.1. Placement decisions for each youth are Placement decisions for each youth are

best made by the person in the system best made by the person in the system who is closest to the youth, who knows who is closest to the youth, who knows most about the youth and is most most about the youth and is most familiar with the diverse array of familiar with the diverse array of programs and services in the programs and services in the community, i.e., the case managercommunity, i.e., the case manager

2.2. Ideally, the agency’s money should Ideally, the agency’s money should follow the youth – utilize or purchase follow the youth – utilize or purchase the program and/or services dictated the program and/or services dictated by the individual treatment planby the individual treatment plan

CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

Establish an offense-based classification Establish an offense-based classification system to govern entrance into secure caresystem to govern entrance into secure care Establish a three person classification panel Establish a three person classification panel

(CP)(CP) CP weighs aggravating and mitigating CP weighs aggravating and mitigating

circumstances of the presenting offensecircumstances of the presenting offense CP determines level of placement, facility and CP determines level of placement, facility and

time frametime frameMassachusetts DYSMassachusetts DYS

EstablishEstablish a needs-based classification system to a needs-based classification system to inform development of individual treatment inform development of individual treatment plansplans

DEVELOP TREATMENT DEVELOP TREATMENT PROGRAM WITHIN PROGRAM WITHIN

FACILITIESFACILITIES ESTABLISH NORMATIVE CULTURE ESTABLISH NORMATIVE CULTURE

WITHIN FACILITY – NAFI, MA WITHIN FACILITY – NAFI, MA EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL

INTERVENTIONSINTERVENTIONS Cognitive Behavioral ProgramCognitive Behavioral Program::

Aggression Replacement TrainingAggression Replacement Training The Equip ProgramThe Equip Program Thinking for ChangeThinking for Change Washington State Integrated Treatment Washington State Integrated Treatment

ModelModel Texas Youth Commission Re-Texas Youth Commission Re-

socialization Programsocialization Program

DEVELOP TREATMENT DEVELOP TREATMENT PROGRAM WITHIN PROGRAM WITHIN

FACILITIESFACILITIES

Specialized treatment Specialized treatment interventions for youths with:interventions for youths with: mental health problems mental health problems sex offenders – Sexual Behavior sex offenders – Sexual Behavior

Treatment Program, Long Creek Treatment Program, Long Creek YDC, ME YDC, ME

substance abuserssubstance abusers

TREATMENT PROGRAMTREATMENT PROGRAM FULL-TIME SCHOOL PROGRAMFULL-TIME SCHOOL PROGRAM

Integrated with other components of Integrated with other components of overall treatment programoverall treatment program

Use of a curriculum that is aligned with Use of a curriculum that is aligned with state standardsstate standards

Facility policies that ensure dependable Facility policies that ensure dependable access to educational programsaccess to educational programs

Procedures for collection, maintaining, Procedures for collection, maintaining, and disseminating student records and disseminating student records

Efforts to attract and retain a corps of Efforts to attract and retain a corps of well-qualified and properly-certified well-qualified and properly-certified teachersteachers

TREATMENT PROGRAMTREATMENT PROGRAM

School Program (cont.)School Program (cont.) Academic TrackAcademic Track

General Education (High School Diploma)General Education (High School Diploma) Teacher to student ratio based on state Teacher to student ratio based on state

standardsstandards Sufficient number of substitute teachers to Sufficient number of substitute teachers to

ensure school is open and classes are held when ensure school is open and classes are held when teachers are on vacation, sick, in training or teachers are on vacation, sick, in training or otherwise unavailable to report to workotherwise unavailable to report to work

GEDGED Special EducationSpecial Education

Teacher to student ratio based on state Teacher to student ratio based on state standardsstandards

TREATMENT PROGRAMTREATMENT PROGRAM Vocational Education and Career Vocational Education and Career

PreparationPreparation Fully integrated into the school Fully integrated into the school

scheduleschedule Access to a range of high-quality Access to a range of high-quality

vocational courses that reflect vocational courses that reflect students’ interests and local students’ interests and local employment opportunitiesemployment opportunities

Students able to obtain certificates of Students able to obtain certificates of mastery, serve as interns or mastery, serve as interns or participate in state-approved participate in state-approved apprenticeship trainingapprenticeship training

TREATMENT PROGRAMTREATMENT PROGRAM VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND

CAREER PREPARATION (cont.)CAREER PREPARATION (cont.)

Gulf Coast Trades Center (contract Gulf Coast Trades Center (contract w/Texas Youth Commission (TYC) -144 w/Texas Youth Commission (TYC) -144 youths in six dormitories; 32 on youths in six dormitories; 32 on independent livingindependent living

Learning Resource Center (Earn H.S. Learning Resource Center (Earn H.S. credits or work towards GEDcredits or work towards GED

Nine Vocational Programs Nine Vocational Programs Achieve competency in vocational Achieve competency in vocational

program to earn a vocational certificateprogram to earn a vocational certificate Successful graduates participate in Gulf Successful graduates participate in Gulf

Coast Youth Build Program Coast Youth Build Program

TREATMENT PROGRAMTREATMENT PROGRAM

Vocational Education and Career Vocational Education and Career Preparation (cont.)Preparation (cont.) Youth Build USAYouth Build USA

Establish a Youth Build program at each Establish a Youth Build program at each institutioninstitution

Learn construction skills Learn construction skills Participate in leadership development programParticipate in leadership development program Refer parolees to Youth Build program in their Refer parolees to Youth Build program in their

respective cities (25 throughout California)respective cities (25 throughout California) Participate in community service by building Participate in community service by building

affordable housing for homeless and low affordable housing for homeless and low income peopleincome people

COMPREHENSIVE COMPREHENSIVE REINTEGRATION PROGRAMREINTEGRATION PROGRAM

Prepare youths for progressively Prepare youths for progressively increased responsibility and freedom in increased responsibility and freedom in the communitythe community

Facilitate youth-community interaction Facilitate youth-community interaction and involvementand involvement

Work with both the offender and targeted Work with both the offender and targeted community support systems (e.g. families, community support systems (e.g. families, schools, employers, peers) on qualities schools, employers, peers) on qualities needed for constructive interaction and needed for constructive interaction and the youth’s successful community the youth’s successful community adjustmentadjustment

COMPREHENSIVE COMPREHENSIVE REINTEGRATION REINTEGRATION

PROGRAMPROGRAM Develop new resources and Develop new resources and

support where neededsupport where needed Monitor and test the youths and Monitor and test the youths and

community on their ability to community on their ability to deal with each other productivelydeal with each other productively

(Altschuler and Armstrong – (Altschuler and Armstrong – Intensive Intervention with High-Intensive Intervention with High-Risk Youths: Promising Approaches Risk Youths: Promising Approaches in Juvenile Probation and Parole) in Juvenile Probation and Parole)

COMPREHENSIVE COMPREHENSIVE REINTEGRATION PROGRAMREINTEGRATION PROGRAM

Performance-based Standards GoalPerformance-based Standards Goal Prepare youths for successful Prepare youths for successful

reintegration into the community reintegration into the community while they reside at the facility while they reside at the facility through:through:

Individualized planning from the Individualized planning from the perspective of family and communityperspective of family and community

Program and activities that prepare a Program and activities that prepare a youth for transition that continue, when youth for transition that continue, when appropriate, after the youth leaves the appropriate, after the youth leaves the facility. Facility and aftercare case facility. Facility and aftercare case manager shall provide these activities manager shall provide these activities collaborativelycollaboratively

COMPREHENSIVE COMPREHENSIVE REINTEGRATION PROGRAMREINTEGRATION PROGRAM

Performance-based Standards Goal Performance-based Standards Goal (cont.)(cont.)

Linkages and activities between facility Linkages and activities between facility and aftercare case manager with and aftercare case manager with outside service providers (e.g. mental outside service providers (e.g. mental health, substance abuse and health, substance abuse and residential placement) or key residential placement) or key community agencies (e.g. schools, community agencies (e.g. schools, churches boys and girls clubs and churches boys and girls clubs and recreational centers)recreational centers)

COMPREHENSIVE COMPREHENSIVE REINTEGRATION PROGRAMREINTEGRATION PROGRAM

ExamplesExamples

Washington State Family Integrated Washington State Family Integrated Transitions ProjectTransitions Project

Massachusetts and Missouri and Massachusetts and Missouri and North Dakota reintegration North Dakota reintegration approachesapproaches

Mentoring Center, Oakland, CAMentoring Center, Oakland, CA

CONTINUOUS CASE CONTINUOUS CASE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Implementation of Continuum of Implementation of Continuum of Care is facilitated by utilization Care is facilitated by utilization of Case Management Modelof Case Management Model Assign case manager within 24 Assign case manager within 24

hours of commitment to the agencyhours of commitment to the agency Prepares initial treatment planPrepares initial treatment plan Participates in facility treatment Participates in facility treatment

team meetingsteam meetings Monitors and holds youth Monitors and holds youth

accountable in the communityaccountable in the community

CONTINUOUS CASE CONTINUOUS CASE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Implementation of continuum of care is Implementation of continuum of care is facilitated by utilization of continuous facilitated by utilization of continuous case management model (cont.)case management model (cont.) Brokers services for youth Brokers services for youth

(educational, continued counseling, (educational, continued counseling, housing, job training, and housing, job training, and employment)employment)

Revokes youth’s liberty only when Revokes youth’s liberty only when public safety is threatenedpublic safety is threatened

CONDUCTS CONDUCTS EVALUATIONEVALUATION

Implements Performance-based Implements Performance-based Standards in correctional and Standards in correctional and community-based programs to measure community-based programs to measure numerous outcomes for continuous numerous outcomes for continuous improvement- Data driven management improvement- Data driven management system system

Evaluates programs’ effectiveness in Evaluates programs’ effectiveness in rehabilitating youthsrehabilitating youths

Conducts recidivism studies on youths Conducts recidivism studies on youths after discharge from program and/or after discharge from program and/or agencyagency