beyond the bench 2013 “juvenile justice reform– where are we now?” california juvenile justice
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Beyond the Bench 2013 “Juvenile Justice Reform– where are we now?” CALIFORNIA JUVENILE JUSTICE TRENDS UPDATE December 2, 2013 – Anaheim, CA Presented by David Steinhart. 1. COVERAGE Juvenile crime and incarceration trends Arrest and incarceration trends - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Beyond the Bench 2013Beyond the Bench 2013““Juvenile Justice Reform– where are we Juvenile Justice Reform– where are we
now?”now?”
CALIFORNIACALIFORNIAJUVENILE JUSTICE JUVENILE JUSTICE TRENDS UPDATETRENDS UPDATE
December 2, 2013 – Anaheim, CADecember 2, 2013 – Anaheim, CAPresented by David SteinhartPresented by David Steinhart
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COVERAGECOVERAGE
Juvenile crime and incarceration Juvenile crime and incarceration trendstrends Arrest and incarceration trendsArrest and incarceration trends Juveniles tried & sentenced as adultsJuveniles tried & sentenced as adults
Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) updateDivision of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) update
Juvenile Justice Realignment– funding, Juvenile Justice Realignment– funding, county county level issueslevel issues
The Board of State and Community The Board of State and Community CorrectionsCorrections The Juvenile Justice Standing CommitteeThe Juvenile Justice Standing Committee
2012-13 legislative update2012-13 legislative update
3333
California juvenile arrest andCalifornia juvenile arrest and
incarceration trends, andincarceration trends, and
prosecutions of minors as prosecutions of minors as adultsadults
4444
California Arrests of Juveniles California Arrests of Juveniles 20122012
Status Offenses 16,392
Felony other26,931
Felony violent9,437
Misdemeanor67,960
2012TOTAL JUVENILE
ARRESTS 120,720
(down by 50% from243,090 in 2002)
Source: California Department of Justice
Commonweal
55
8791685640
82748
76104
685036388963993
61539608785987161161651896619164963
58555
52020
43403
36368
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Total Juv. Felony Arrests (left scale) Fel. Arrest Rate Per 100,000 (right scale)
Source: California Department of Justice (Rates updated 2012(based on revised DOF at risk population for years beginning 2003).
California Juvenile Felony Arrests andCalifornia Juvenile Felony Arrests andJuvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000Juvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-20121995-2012
Commonweal
6666
California Arrests for VIOLENT crimesCalifornia Arrests for VIOLENT crimesJuvenile and Adult Arrest Juvenile and Adult Arrest RateRate Per 100,000 Per 100,000
1995-20121995-2012
100
200
300
400
500
600
70019
95
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Juvenile Adult
Source: California Department of Justice (Rates for 2003-2102 based on revised DOF at risk population data)
Commonweal
7777
California Juvenile ArrestsCalifornia Juvenile Arrestsfor Misdemeanors and Status Offensesfor Misdemeanors and Status Offenses
1995-20121995-2012
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Status offenses Misdemeanors
Source: California Department of Justice (Rates for 2003-2102 based on revised DOF at risk population data)
Commonweal
8888
California Transfers of Juveniles California Transfers of Juveniles to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2011to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2011
252318 275
335 346254 226
283343
724
866769 716 686
535661
929
11231201
1115
970912
399
654
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Juvenile court remand to adult court
Prosecutor direct file in adult court
Total transferred to adult court
Source: California Department of JusticeCommonweal
99
Adult Court Dispositions of Juveniles – 2011
(N = 548 dispositions)
Convicted461 (84%)
Dismissed,Acquitted or
Rt’d to Juv. Ct.87 (16%)
State Prison291 (63%)
Probation10 (2%)
Probation with Jail140 (30%)
Jail8 (2%)
Fine / Other9 (2%)
Source: California Department of Justice.
DJJ Commitment 3 (<1%)
Commonweal
10101010
California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesCalifornia Juvenile Justice FacilitiesADP for juvenile justice (probation) ADP for juvenile justice (probation)
placementsplacementsBy placement type (4By placement type (4thth quarter 2009 and 2012) quarter 2009 and 2012)Total Total ADP 2009 = 13,910 : Total ADP 2012 = 10,390ADP 2009 = 13,910 : Total ADP 2012 = 10,390
Three year decline of 25%Three year decline of 25%
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research), latest available data.
Co. Juvenile Halls5,920
Co. Probation Camps 3,650
Private Placements2,940
State DJJ1,400
Commonweal
State DJJ750
Co. Probation Camps 2,730
Co. Juvenile Halls4,350
Private Placements2,560
2009 2012
11111111
Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)
Update and trendsUpdate and trends
12121212
California Division of Juvenile FacilitiesCalifornia Division of Juvenile FacilitiesInstitutional PopulationInstitutional Population
1996 – 2012 (as of December 31 each year) 1996 – 2012 (as of December 31 each year)
9572
85998083
76667305
6497
5557
4696
36782999
26472293
1734160212751031752
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Source: Ca. Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation
SB 81
Commonweal
13131313
1996: 1996: Sliding scale feesSliding scale fees imposed for level V-VII imposed for level V-VII commitments– CYA population drops swiftly commitments– CYA population drops swiftly
2000: 2000: Proposition 21Proposition 21 opens new doors to adult court opens new doors to adult court
2004: 2004: Consent Decree in Consent Decree in FarrellFarrell case case vs. CYA– vs. CYA– generates generates program costs that are catalysts for SB program costs that are catalysts for SB 81 81
2007: 2007: SB 81SB 81 bans future commitments of non-707 bans future commitments of non-707 youthyouth
2010: 2010: DJJ parole is realignedDJJ parole is realigned to county probation to county probation
2012: Governor 2012: Governor proposes to close DJJproposes to close DJJ, proposal dies , proposal dies but time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is but time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is loweredlowered
Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Justice Justice
Major Milestones 1996 -2012Major Milestones 1996 -2012
DJJ POP
10,000
750
Commonweal
1414
Annual Juvenile Court Commitments to Annual Juvenile Court Commitments to DJJDJJ
All Counties – 2003 through 2012All Counties – 2003 through 2012
1168
835 816
647
467402
333 341276
148
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Juv. Court Commitments to DJ J
15151515
Juv Court Commitment Juv Court Parole ViolatorAdult Court E & M Cases County contract housing
Juvenile Court 1st Commitments (590)
Adult Court E & M Cases (129)
Juv. Court Parole Violators ( 3)(too few to show on pie chart)
Source: CA Division of Juvenile Facilities, Research Div.
DJJ Institutional Population June 1, 2013DJJ Institutional Population June 1, 2013by Court and Type of Commitmentby Court and Type of Commitment
N= 762 inmatesN= 762 inmates
Commonweal
County contract housing ( 40)
1616
DJJ “Downsizing” Outcomes – 2012-13
GOVERNOR’S EARLY 2012 PROPOSAL TO CLOSE DJJ COMPLETELY WAS SUCCESSFULLY OPPOSED BY COUNTIES. In lieu of closure, these downsizing controls were legislated:
Disciplinary time adds to sentence were eliminated completely
Top DJJ age of jurisdiction dropped from 25 to 23
The county commitment fee was reinstated at $ 24,000 per ward per year (replacing a prior year fee of $125,000 that nobody
liked)
State DJJ parole ended January 2013– now conditions violations are processed locally under court and probation supervision
No significant DJJ legislation compelling further downsizing was adopted in 2013
Commonweal
1717
Juvenile Justice Realignment--
County level issues
18181818
Funding the CA Juvenile Justice Funding the CA Juvenile Justice System--System--
Annual costs and fund sources Annual costs and fund sources ((2012)2012)
State Div. of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)Total budget $ 180 million
$ 180 millionState General Fund
County Probation Juv. Justice facilitiesand programs- total $1.7 billion
$1.25 billion est.County General Funds
$390 millionCA State Grants and Funds
$15 million est.Federal Funds
Sources: CA State Dept. of Finance; CDCR (DJJ and the Corrections Standards Authority); CA State Juv. Justice Commission (Master Plan, 2009)
Commonweal
19191919
State support for local juvenile justice State support for local juvenile justice operations under 2011-12 realignmentoperations under 2011-12 realignment
Fund or ProgramFund or Program FY 12/13 FY 12/13 FY 13/14FY 13/14
2007 Juv. Justice 2007 Juv. Justice Realignment (SB 81)Realignment (SB 81)
$93 million$93 million $ 103 million$ 103 million
2010 Div. Juv. Justice 2010 Div. Juv. Justice Parole RealignmentParole Realignment
$ 6 million$ 6 million $ 6 million$ 6 million
Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Act (JJCPA)Act (JJCPA)
$ 107 million $ 107 million $ 107 million$ 107 million
Juvenile ProbationJuvenile Probation
Camp Funds- Camp Funds- CampsCamps$29 million$29 million $29 million$29 million
Juvenile Probation Camp Juvenile Probation Camp Funds- Funds- ProgramsPrograms
$ 152 million$ 152 million $ 152 million$ 152 million
TOTALTOTAL $ 387 $ 387 millionmillion
$ 397 million$ 397 million
CommonwealSources: CA Dept of Finance, Ca. State Association of Counties
2020
DJJ Realignment implementation--County issues and continuing
challenges State Auditor’s Report (Sep. 2012) slams BSCC and
Legislature on SB 81 (YOBG) performance measures and reporting
How are “realigned” juveniles doing at the county level? Performance and youth outcome data are generally lacking We see varied county programs and uses of YOBG funds:
Special custody programs– e.g. Los Angeles “SB 81” camp Juvenile halls increasingly used for commitments-- a growing but
poorly documented concern Still unresolved: meeting mental health, other local treatment
needs
State oversight of juvenile justice realignment— BSCC has only limited oversight functions– in effect local courts and
probation departments make their own spending & program decisions
Commonweal
21212121
Csa and bsccCsa and bscc
BSCC Juvenile Justice mandates includeBSCC Juvenile Justice mandates include Grants administration: JJCPA, YOBG, SB 81 construction, Gang Grants administration: JJCPA, YOBG, SB 81 construction, Gang
grants, Fed. JJ fundsgrants, Fed. JJ funds Facility standards and inspection (camps/ ranches, juv. halls, jails)Facility standards and inspection (camps/ ranches, juv. halls, jails) Data and technical assistance mandatesData and technical assistance mandates Broader leadership mission to promote best- and evidence-based Broader leadership mission to promote best- and evidence-based
practicespractices Dominant BSCC concern: adult prison realignment Dominant BSCC concern: adult prison realignment
Juvenile Justice Standing CommitteeJuvenile Justice Standing Committee Approved Jan.2013: new group to guide BSCC on JJ mandates and Approved Jan.2013: new group to guide BSCC on JJ mandates and
issuesissues Focus on system PERFORMANCE MEASURES and JJ DATA SYSTEMSFocus on system PERFORMANCE MEASURES and JJ DATA SYSTEMS Coordination with the State Advisory Group on JJDPCoordination with the State Advisory Group on JJDP
Board of State and Community Board of State and Community CorrectionsCorrections
Juvenile Justice Mission & MandatesJuvenile Justice Mission & Mandates
Commonweal
2222
Sentencing law– SB 260 (Hancock)-Reviews of prison sentences by the Parole
Board for prisoners whose crimes were committed as juveniles (signed into law).
Confinement conditions- SB 61 (Yee)- Solitary confinement, SB 716 (Lara)- PREA
compliance (pending)
Delinquency counsel training- SB 166 (Liu) (pending)
Data and performance measures- AB 526 (2012), AB 1050 (Dickinson)– (signed into law)
Lifetime juv. sex offender registration— New proposals on tap for 2014?
Juvenile Justice legislation of interestJuvenile Justice legislation of interest