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Standardization of Naga Bhasma prepared by
two different Bhavana Dravya.
Ashish VermaM.Pharma(Ayu.), Ph.D
Specialty: Rasashastra & Bhaisajya Kalpna
Introduction
Pharmaceutical standardization is mandatory forbatch to batch uniformity, reproducibility and forGood Manufacturing Practices. Naga Bhasma is oneof the herbo-metallic preparation used in Ayurveda; atraditional Indian System of Medicine.Pharmaceutical preparation of Naga Bhasma(incinerated lead) involves thermal treatment ofNaga (metallic lead) through a series of quenching indifferent liquids, followed by Putana (specifiedprotocol of heating).
It is claimed to possess broad spectrum oftherapeutic efficacy.
Accumulated toxicity data on the hazardous effects of
heavy metals have made health scientists afraid of heavy
metals.
Naga (Lead) is one of the heavy metal. In R.T. (19/44)
Naga Bhasma is quoted as “Pramehakarikeshari” i.e. one
of the most useful drug for the treatment of Prameha.
In R.R.S. only latex of Calatropis procera has been
mentioned as Bhavana dravya for preparation of Naga
Bhasma but it is not possible to prepare Naga Bhasma with
latex on large scale.
Why this topic ?
Leaves of Arka are available in plenty. So to overcome
this problem the present study has been carried out for
development of Standard Manufacturing Procedure of
Naga Bhasma with two different Bhavana Dravya i.e.
latex & leaf juice of Calatropis procera and
Manahshila (Realgar) as a Maraka Dravya prepared
without process of Jarana.
Cont....
To establish Arka patra Swarasa as a substitute
of Arka Dugdha for preparation of Naga
Bhasma.
To introduce SMP of Naga Bhasma prepared by
two different methods and develop analytical
profile.
aims and objectives
The Standard manufacturing Procedure of Naga Bhasma
prepared by 2 methods by changing Bhavana dravya were
developed i.e. one with latex of Calatropis procera (NBAD)
and another with leaf juice of Calatropis procera (NBAS).
Shuddha Manahshila (Realgar) was taken as a Maraka
Dravya (Drug facilitating process of preparation of Bhasma).
Naga Bhasma was prepared by using classical guidelines
described in Rasa Ratna Samuchhaya. Total 10 Puta are
required for preparation of Naga Bhasma. Total three batches
of each group were prepared by Shodhana followed by
Marana.
Material and Methods
Marana of Naga:
This have been done in two samples which are as follows –
Sample A(NBAD):
This sample will be prepared as per the reference of R.R.S.
5 / 1 8 4
Sample B(NBAS):
This sample will be prepared as per the reference of Anubhuta vidhi.
* NBAD- Naga Bhasma prepared with Arka dugdha
*NBAS- Naga Bhasma prepared with Arka Patra Swarasa
Raw Naga Melting Dhalana
Dried lead Sheets Levigation Shudha
Naga Patra
Washing
1st Puta
After
5th
Puta
After
10th
Puta
Naga Bhasma Pariksha
VarnaRekhapurnataVaritaratvaUnamaApunarbhavaNiruthaNischandrata
DantagreKachakach-abhavaNirdhumatvaAvamiGatarasatvaetc…..
Classical
1) Varna: Colour of the Bhasma
Depends up on the method of preparation.Clear indication of particular compound form of the metal / mineral
Metal English Name Color of the Bhasma
1. Swarna Gold Champaka
2. Tara Silver Krishna (Black)
3. Tamra Copper Krisna (Black)
4. Kamsya Bronze Dhusara (Ash)
5. Naga Lead Paravata (Pigeon Color)
6. Vanga Tin Shubhra (White)
7. Loha Iron Jambu Phala (Black Berry)
8. Abhraka Mica Isthika (Brick Red)
2) Rekhapurnatva:
i) Little amount of Bhasma is rubbed
between thumb and index finger.
ii) The particles of the Bhasma enters the
ridges of the finger exclusively and don’t
come out.
iii) It indicates that the Bhasma is
incinerated properly.
In other way, the test indicates the particle size of the Bhasma,
which is the fundamental aspect for the therapeutic efficacy.
3) Varitaratva:
1. Little amount of Bhasma is sprinkled
over the stagnant surface of pure
water.
2. The particles of the Bhasma float
clearly over the surface of water.
3. This test indicates the lightness of the
incinerated metal.
After proper incineration, the Bhasma particles become too
light and they cannot break the surface tension of the stagnant
water.
4) Unama:
• This test is for further confirmation of Varitara Test.
• A rice grain is placed gently over floating Bhasma.
• If the rice grain floats clearly over the layer of
Bhasma, it indicates that the process of incineration
is proper.
5) Apunarbhava:
[1]
[2]
[3]
1. Equal amount of Bhasma and
Mitrapanchaka are mixed together to
form a uniform mixture.
2. Chakrika is made from this mixture
and placed in to a Graphite crucible
and heated using a burner till all
organic matter burnt out.
3. After self-cooling the material from
the musha is collected and examined
for the presence of free metal.
6. Nirutha:
5 g of Bhasma and 1 g of pure Silver are taken in
Musha & subjected to heat. Weight of silver is seen
after self-cooling.
7. Nischandratva
The natural luster of the metal
should not be there in incinerated
stage.
Presence of luster indicates that
the process is not complete.
This test is particularly applicable
in case of Abhraka Bhasma.
Quantity of ingredients used for Shodhana
Sr. no Ingredients Latin / English
name
Qty/batch Total quantity
1Ashuddha Naga
(kg)Lead 1 3
2 Tila Taila (l)Sesamum
indicum Linn.3 9
3 Takra (l) Butter milk 3 9
4 Kanji (l) Sour gruel 3 9
5 Go Mutra (l) Cows urine 3 9
6Kulattha
Kwatha (l)
Dolichos
biflorus Linn.3 9
7 Churnodaka(l) Lime Water 7 49
Organoleptic characters of Naga
Bhasma
Sr. No. Parameters NBAD NBAS
1 Shabda No metallic sound No metallic sound
2 Sparsha No course particle No course particle
3 Rupa Grey colour Grey colour
4 Rasa Tasteless Tasteless
5 Gandha Not specific Not specific
Parameters NBAD (Batch size-300 g) NBAS (Batch size-500 g)
Avg. wt. of Naga Bhasma (g) 337.73 592.78
Avg. increase in wt. (g) 37.73↑ 92.78↑
% of increase in wt. (%) 12.57↑ 18.55↑
Comparison of results of Naga Bhasma prepared by two different methods
Results of the physicochemical analysis of Naga Bhasma:
Pharmaceutical observations
Sr.
No.
Parameter Naga Bhasma(NBAD) Naga Bhasma(NBAS)
1 I II III I II III
2 Loss on drying at
105ºC
0.48 0.39 0.32 0.24 0.19 0.14
3 Ash value 99.95 99.90 99.90 99.90 99.95 99.85
4 Acid insoluble ash 6.4 5.98 5.62 16.58 16.71 16.45
5 pH 8.29 8.22 8.87 6.12 6.46 6.34
ICP-AES Analysis
Ayurvedic Pharmacology
A Potent poison become best drug on
proper administration. On the contrary,
even the best drug becomes poison if
used incorrectly.
C. S., Su.- 1:126
Conclusion Although Naga Bhasma was prepared, early by latex of
Calatropis procera and the Bhasma was comparatively better
on basis of organoleptic characteristics, the study denotes that
equal number of Puta i.e.10 Puta are sufficient for preparation
of Naga Bhasma with both liquid media (latex and leaf juice
of Calatropis procera ) without process of jarana and there
were insignificant differences in pharmaceutical and analytical
studies of Naga Bhasma prepared by either methods. However
alternative method of Naga Marana with Leaf juice of
Calatropis procera without Jarana may be preferred over
Naga Marana by latex of Calotropis procera in view of large
scale industrial production, economy and effort.
Drugs prepared following Ayurvedic guidelines
are safe, if used judiciously.