Chapter 13Human Life and Health

Body Systems

Chapter 13Human Life and Health

Body Systems GEE Science

Summer RemediationMr. Nash

Donnie Bickham Middle SchoolRoom 204

GEE ScienceSummer Remediation

Mr. NashDonnie Bickham Middle School

Room 204

Control SystemsControl Systems Homeostasis is the process of

maintaining a fairly constant internal environment despite changing conditions.

To accomplish homeostasis, our cells must be continually bathed in fluid. This fluid is called extracellular fluid. Most fluid is interstitial, meaning it lies

within the spaces between the cells.

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a fairly constant internal environment despite changing conditions.

To accomplish homeostasis, our cells must be continually bathed in fluid. This fluid is called extracellular fluid. Most fluid is interstitial, meaning it lies

within the spaces between the cells.

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Control SystemsControl Systems Sensory receptors are cells that detect

changes like light, temperature, or hormone levels in the body.

These sensory receptors send information to the nervous system; the nervous system then sends a signal to the appropriate organ system for adjustment.

Sensory receptors are cells that detect changes like light, temperature, or hormone levels in the body.

These sensory receptors send information to the nervous system; the nervous system then sends a signal to the appropriate organ system for adjustment.

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Control SystemsControl Systems

Two types of feedback to maintain homeostasis in the body: Negative Feedback Positive Feedback

Two types of feedback to maintain homeostasis in the body: Negative Feedback Positive Feedback

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Negative FeedbackNegative Feedback

The last step in the process slows or stops the first step.

The last step in the process slows or stops the first step.

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Positive FeedbackPositive Feedback

The last step accelerates the first step of a process. Can lead to abnormal conditions and

cause disease. Necessary for a few body functions. Example:

Childbirth

The last step accelerates the first step of a process. Can lead to abnormal conditions and

cause disease. Necessary for a few body functions. Example:

Childbirth

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Nervous SystemNervous System

The control and communication network of the body.

Consists of: Brain Nerves

Nerves are a bundle of cells called neurons

The control and communication network of the body.

Consists of: Brain Nerves

Nerves are a bundle of cells called neurons

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Nervous SystemNervous System

Two types of Neurons: Sensory Neurons

Get information from the environment through the senses (sight, sound, taste, etc.) and relay the information to the brain.

Motor Neurons Carry information from the brain to the

muscles and glands and cause an action to occur.

Two types of Neurons: Sensory Neurons

Get information from the environment through the senses (sight, sound, taste, etc.) and relay the information to the brain.

Motor Neurons Carry information from the brain to the

muscles and glands and cause an action to occur.

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Nervous SystemNervous System

Two Main Parts: Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

Two Main Parts: Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Contains the brain and spinal cord. Brain contains several parts; each

having its own specific task. It is enclosed in the skull.

Spinal cord runs up and down the back and is enclosed by the vertebrae of the back for protection.

Contains the brain and spinal cord. Brain contains several parts; each

having its own specific task. It is enclosed in the skull.

Spinal cord runs up and down the back and is enclosed by the vertebrae of the back for protection.

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Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System Consists of all other parts of the nervous

system outside of the CNS. Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the

body and back. Two systems:

Autonomic System Controls the involuntary systems such as heart beating

and breathing. Somatic System

Controls the voluntary systems such a muscle movement.

Consists of all other parts of the nervous system outside of the CNS.

Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the body and back.

Two systems: Autonomic System

Controls the involuntary systems such as heart beating and breathing.

Somatic System Controls the voluntary systems such a muscle movement.

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SensesSenses

The ability for us to detect what is happening in our environment Sight Smell Taste Touch Hearing

The ability for us to detect what is happening in our environment Sight Smell Taste Touch Hearing

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Endocrine SystemEndocrine System Regulates the effects of hormones on body

functions. Works hand in hand with the nervous system.

Nerve impulses cause the endocrine system to release or stop productions of hormones.

Hormones are produced and stored by organs called glands.

Two types of glands: Exocrine Glands Endocrine Glands

Regulates the effects of hormones on body functions.

Works hand in hand with the nervous system. Nerve impulses cause the endocrine system to

release or stop productions of hormones. Hormones are produced and stored by organs

called glands. Two types of glands:

Exocrine Glands Endocrine Glands

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Exocrine GlandsExocrine Glands

Secrete substances through a duct into a body cavity or onto the skin’s surface.

Examples: Sweat glands and mammary glands.

Secrete substances through a duct into a body cavity or onto the skin’s surface.

Examples: Sweat glands and mammary glands.

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Endocrine GlandsEndocrine Glands

Secrete hormones in small amounts directly into the bloodstream.

Hormones travel through the body until they reach their target cells in the body.

Hormones do not affect cells other than their specific target cells.

Secrete hormones in small amounts directly into the bloodstream.

Hormones travel through the body until they reach their target cells in the body.

Hormones do not affect cells other than their specific target cells.

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Hormones In The BodyHormones In The Body

Pancreas Pituitary Gland Adrenal Glands Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Hypothalamus Ovaries & Testes

Pancreas Pituitary Gland Adrenal Glands Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Hypothalamus Ovaries & Testes

Insulin Growth Hormone Adrenaline Metabolism Calcium in blood Body temperature Reproduction

Insulin Growth Hormone Adrenaline Metabolism Calcium in blood Body temperature Reproduction

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Excretory SystemExcretory System

Removes waste products from the body.

Lungs and skin release some waster product through respiration and sweating, but most is released through the urinary tract.

Removes waste products from the body.

Lungs and skin release some waster product through respiration and sweating, but most is released through the urinary tract.

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Urinary TractUrinary Tract

Consists of: Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

Consists of: Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

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Urinary TractUrinary Tract Kidneys are a pair of organs that filter

the blood. Kidneys filter blood and produce urine.

Urea is a byproduct of protein production that is contained in urine.

Urine is mostly water, but also contains urea, salts and other waste products.

Kidneys are a pair of organs that filter the blood.

Kidneys filter blood and produce urine. Urea is a byproduct of protein production

that is contained in urine. Urine is mostly water, but also contains

urea, salts and other waste products.

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Urinary TractUrinary Tract

Urine travels through the ureters from the kidneys to the bladder for storage.

The bladder is a storage organ. When urine is ready to be expelled

from the body it travels from the bladder through the urethra and out of the body.

Urine travels through the ureters from the kidneys to the bladder for storage.

The bladder is a storage organ. When urine is ready to be expelled

from the body it travels from the bladder through the urethra and out of the body.

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