For 5

“MONEY IS NOT THE POWER TO WIN.

KNOWLEDGE IS THE POWER TO WIN.”

Money is not the way to win. As you

know, from money we cannot succeed in

a life. Do you heard the proverb

“Knowledge is power”? This means you

should read books. For that the SREE

Companies is providing book called SREE

SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE for 5th

standard.

This book is not only for reading, this

book is provided with special features. To

see the special features see the page 4-6.

This is our friend Earth that will help us in studies

of Universe.

This is our friend Cracker which help us in

studies Safety & First Aid.

This is our friend Balloons which help us in studies

Air

She is Blobby that helps in studies in Animals.

These is Mr. Leaf that help us in studies of Plants

These are our friends that gives exercise for us.

This is our friend Googli that help us in revision of

every chapter

This is Pinky that gives you Interesting Facts

This is Giffy who gives you the videos

This is Rosy that tells story from the

chapter.

This is Tutu who help us in studies

of Resources and Enviornment

We use several things in or day-to-day lives. Some of these things are absolutely essential for living. Anything essential for living or which makes our lives easier is called resource.

Water

Electricity

Fuels

Food

Are the resources we will study in this chapter.

You should save your resources.

We should save water to live. Water is

essential for us to stay alive. It is also needed

for growing plants, cooking food, washing

clothes, and other activities.

Do you know that when one percentage

of water is gone we are feeling thirsty

One Minute Please

Electricity is also an resource. It is used for running fans, turbines etc.

One Minute Please

One house use minimum150-

250 volts.

Food provides energy to our body and

is essential for growth.

One Minute Please

Some people can live 45 days

without food.

FUEL

Fuels such as petrol, cooking gas &

coal are used for running vehicles,

cooking food and other purpose.

One Minute Please

In older days, people were using

coal to run train.

i). We should not waste water and food.

ii). We should switch off lights, fans, TV’s

etc., when we are not in the room.

iii). We should encourage others to stop

wasting resources.

i). Anything essential for living or which makes our lives easier is called resource.

ii). Water, Electricity, Food and Fuel are resources.

iii). The ways to save resources are:-

a). We should switch off lights, fans, TV’s etc., when we are not in the room.

b). We should encourage others to stop wasting resources.

c). We should not waste water and food.

EXERCISE

Choose the correct answer.

i). __________ is used to run train

in older days [coal, diesel]

ii). ______ is used to grow

plants. [fuel, water]

iii). Electricity is used for

___________ [growing, running

fans, turbines etc.]

EXERCISE

Name the following

i). Foods provide __________

ii). Fuels are used for ______

(only 1)

iii). How many volts one house

use?

EXERCISE

Rewrite the sentences

correctly.

i). Some animals of England

can live without food 45

days

_______________________________

ii). Garbage is a resource.

_______________________________

EXERCISE

Answer now itself!

i). Define resources? Name all

the resources.

ii). What are the ways to save

our resources?

iii). What is the purpose of:-

a). Water b). Food

iv). Why we need food?

EXERCISE

Think and answer

i). Think if there is no resource

what will you do?

ii). If there is so many

resources, would you

waste it or not? Why?

ENOUGH FOR BORING

Is it very boring when you always study. So for that R. SREERAJ MENON is presenting a video clip on the topic ‘Resources’.

OOM… A STORY

Here is our Rosy to tell a story about resources. This is a story of Achu that he understand the importance of resources. Let us read the story now.

THE WAY ACHU UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF RESOURCE

Achu is brushing and the water goes through the tap. He is wasting water. When he, Pinky, and

Smiley bus going to their house by the narrow way he throw the water in the bottle. He didn’t

switch of fans & the television and go to play.

One day Pinky asked him “ why are you wasting resources?”. His answer was “don’t worry! We

have enough of them”.

But that night had a bad dream. When he was bathing there is no water, when he go to school

there was no food. When the is doing the homework there was no electricity and candle has finish

up. He suddenly wake up and thought we should not save our resources.

The next day, Pinky & Smiley were waiting for school bus. Neel was upset at that time. Pinky asked

“ Why are you sad? Cheer up!”

In the bus he said the bad dream happened yesterday. Smiley said that it may be happen, when all

the resources are finished….. And we will be left nothing to use. When the Smiley is saying she

interrupt and asked a question “How will I see TV then? Smiley said you can watch TV an hour.

Then he was back to speech. He said so we need to save them for feature use also.

The next day Achu give the left water in bottle to plants. And when the mother give him food he ate

full & he is now saving electricity also. From that day Achu started to save resources.

This is how Achu understand the importance of the resource.

You must have seen plants being

grown in gardens and in fields.

Why do people grow them? This

is because we get lot of things

from plants.

Growing plants is important as

our life depends largely on

them.

AN INTRODUCTION

GROWING PLANTS

FROM SEED

If you eat an apple or an orange

you will find seeds inside. New

plants can grow from these

seeds.

PARTS OF A SEED

Seed leaves or cotyledons

store food for the baby

plant.

An outer covering called the

seed coat protects the baby

plant inside.

GROWING PLANTS

FROM SEED

Not all seeds grow into new plants.

Some plants are eaten up by birds

and insects; some get destroyed by

rain or wind; while some seeds do

not get sufficient air, water or

warmth to grow. If the seed survives

and gets right amount of water, air,

warmth (from the sun), it will produce

a baby plant or seedling

GERMINATION

The process by which a seed

produces a baby plant or

seedling is called

germination.

One Minute Please

Do you know that beans grow

from seeds.

GERMINATION

i). The seed gets water air and warmth.

ii). The seed coat breaks and the baby plant emerges.

iii). The baby plant develops roots and a shoot.

iv). As the plant grows in size it develops leaves. The

cotyledons shrink and appear

THE IMPORTANCE OF

SOIL

During the early stages of germination, the seedling

gets the food required for its growth from the

cotyledons. Can you tell from where the seedling get

its food from after the food stored in the cotyledons

has been used up? The reply is soil. The seedling

absorbs water and nutrients from soil with the help of

its roots. it build up with leaves and grow into a plant.

Also, air (which is necessary for germination)

reaches the seed through pores in the soil. This is

why soil is so important for plant growth.

IF PLANTS LIVE TOGETHER

IN ONE AREA WHAT WILL

OCCUR?

If plants live together in one place it is

dangerous for that plants because

they will struggle for air, water,

sunlight, nutrients and space to

grow. Many of them would die. In

nature, many plants scatter their

seeds in order to ensure that they do

not grow too close to one another.

DISPERSAL

The process by which the seeds

are scattered away from the

mother plant is called

dispersal.

Nature has its own way of

dispersal of seeds.

DISPERSAL BY

WIND

Seeds of certain plants are very

light and have wings or hair on

them. These seeds are easily

carried away by wind.

One Minute Please

Dandelion seeds have hair that act like

a parachute. Wind carries these seeds

far away from the parent plant. The fluff

around the cotton seed helps it to float

away with wind.

DISPERSAL BY

ANIMALS

Animals and human beings eat

some fruits and throw away the

seeds, which grow into new

plants. Certain seeds have

hooks, stiff hair, or spines,

which help them in dispersal.

One Minute Please

Squirrels bury seeds and nuts

for eating them during winter.

Sometimes squirrels forget

where they had buried their

seeds. These seeds often

germinate and grow into new

plant.

One Minute Please

Some seeds have spines or

hooks. These seeds stick to the

bodies of animal and birds and

are carried away from the parent

plant. Birds and animals also eat

fruits. Seed pass through their

digestive system undigested and

are dispersed to other areas.

DISPERSAL BY WATER

Seeds of some plants such as

lotus and coconut are spongy or

have a fibrous covering, which

helps them to float on water.

Water transports these seeds

from one place to another.

One Minute Please

Coconuts can travel several

thousand kilometers across

oceans. The coconut palms on

the South Sea Islands grew from

coconuts carried by there by

ocean currents.

DISPERSAL BY

EXPLOSION

Fruits of certain plant such as

poppy, pea and bean burst open

when they are ripe, scattering

the seeds in all directions. This

mechanism of seed dispersal is

called explosion

One Minute Please

When the seeds of the pea plant are

ripe, the pod bursts open. The peas

are scattered away from the plant.

ROOTS THAT CAN

GROW INTO NEW

PLANTS

Carrot, radish, turnip and

beetroot are some of the

examples whose roots can grow

into new plants

STEM THAT CAN GROW

INTO NEW PLANTS

Potato and onion

are stems that

can grow into

new plants.

One Minute Please

Onion is a special kind of stem. It will

grow leaves if you plant one in the

ground.

GROWING PLANTS

FROM LEAVES

Young Plants

arise the

edges of

Bryophyllum

leaves.

One Minute Please

Do you know about J.C Bose? He is an

Indian scientist who proved through

experiments that plants have life. He also

invented several instruments to study

about plants. The most wonderful

instrument was the Crescograph, used to

measure the rate of growth plant.

One Minute Please

Venus fly- trap has two lobes to eat food.

Don’t you understand? This means this

is a carnivore plant. When any animal

come and get inside the lobe, the lobe

suddenly close and the plant get food.

Complete

plants can be

grown from

these leaves

if they are

placed in

moist soil.

GROWING PLANTS

FROM SPORE

Some plants do not have seeds.

They grow with the help of tiny

structures called spore. Fungi

and ferns are examples of such

as plants. Mushrooms and other

fungi, and ferns reproduce with

the help of spores.

Puffball mushroom releasing spores.

AGRICULTURE

Imagine that you have a small

kitchen garden where you grow

fruits and vegetables. The fruits

and vegetables may be enough

for you and your family, but can

you grow enough fruit in kitchen

garden to feed thousand

people? No.

AGRICULTURE

In order to feed the entire

population, plants are grown on

a large scale.

The practice of growing plants on

a large scale is called

agriculture.

AGRICULTURE-CROPS

The plants that are grown in large

quantities in a particular area or

region at a particular season

are called crops.

STAGES OF

AGRICULTURE

(1) Field is ploughed (2) Manure is added to the

soil.

(3) Seeds are sown (We are very sorry to you because there is no

image for “Seeds are sown.”)

STAGES OF

AGRICULTURE

(4) Fields are

irrigated ( “How this

field is irrigated?”

look at side.)

One Minute Please

Drawing Water from a Canal

A farmer arranges siphons to draw

water from an irrigation canal and send

it down furrows in his field. The furrows

are narrow, relatively shallow trenches

designed to carry water as far down a

crop row as possible. One

disadvantage of the furrow method of

irrigation is that plants nearer the water

source may receive much more water

than those further away.

STAGES OF

AGRICULTURE

(5) Pesticides are sprayed

to protect crops.

One Minute Please

People in Tamil Nadu are using a

pesticide called Endosulfan to protect the

crops. Do you know that Endosulfan is

very dangerous to us. In Kasargode the

farms has sprayed Endosulfan and they

are now patients in hospital because of

the acid in Endosulfan. Some have the

heads big and other all are small, some

have one leg or one arm small others are

big. This accident took place on 2010th

before October. For your safety I am

reporting that it is not good to buy and eat

fruits from Tamil Nadu & Kasargode.

(An important case)

STAGES OF

AGRICULTURE

(6) The crops are harvested.

STAGES OF

AGRICULTURE

i). The field is ploughed.

ii). Manure is added to the soil.

iii). Seeds are sown.

iv). The crops are watered or

irrigated.

v). Pesticides are sprayed to

protect the crops.

vi). Crops are harvested.

THE TWO TYPES OF

CROPS DEPENDING ON

THE SEASON

A particular crop may grow well

in one season and may not grow

that well in another season.

This is why farmers grow

different crops in different

seasons. There are two types of

crops depending on the changes

of the season. They are Kharif

Crops & Rabi Crops.

KHARIF CROPS

Crops grown from June to October

are known as Kharif Crops. These

crops depend largely on the

monsoon rains. Examples rice and

maize.

Failed Maize Crop

Rice

RABI CROPS

Crops grow from November to

April are called Rabi Crops.

These crops do not depend on

monsoon rains. Examples are

wheat, beans and legumes

Soya beans

Revision time

i). Seed leaves or cotyledons

store food for the baby plant.

ii). An outer covering called the

seed coat protects the baby

plant inside.

iii). The process by which a seed

produces a baby plant or

seedling is called germination.

Revision time

iv). The ways to germinate a bean seed

are:

1). The seed gets water air and warmth.

2). The seed coat breaks and the baby

plant emerges.

3). The baby plant develops roots and a

shoot.

4). As the plant grows in size it

develops leaves. The cotyledons

shrink and appear

Revision time

v). The process by which the seeds are

scattered away from the mother

plant is called dispersal. Nature

has its own way of dispersal.

Dispersal occurs through wind,

water, by animals & by explosion.

vi). Plants will grow from various parts

such as root, stem, leaves,

spores.

vii). Venus fly-trap is an carnivore plant.

Revision time

viii). The practice of growing plants on

a large scale is called

agriculture.

ix). The plants that are grown in large

quantities in a particular area or

region at a particular season are

called crops.

x). Endosulfan is very dangerous to us.

xi). Crops grown from June to October

are known as Kharif Crops.

Revision time

xii). Crops grow from November to April

are called Rabi Crops. Crops grow

from November to April are called

Rabi Crops.

xiii). The stages of agriculture are

1). The field is ploughed.

2). Manure is added to the soil.

3). Seeds are sown.

4). The crops are watered.

5). Pesticides are sprayed to

protect crops.

Revision time

6). Crops are harvested.

EXERCISE

Fill the answers in blanks.

i). _________ is the outer

covering of seed.

ii). ______ will grow leaves if

you plant one in the

ground. This plant is

grows from stem.

EXERCISE

iv). _______________ is the

instrument that is used

to measure the rate of

plant.

v). Beans grow from _________

EXERCISE

Who am I?

i). I am a carnivore plant. I

has two lobes which help

me to eat. Who am I?

ii). I am a pesticide. Farmers

in Tamil Nadu use me. I

am very dangerous for

you. Who am I?

EXERCISE

Rewrite the sentence

correctly

i). Crops grow from June to

October are called rabi

crops.

_____________________________

EXERCISE

ii). Pesticides are added to

soil.

_______________________________

iii). The garbage is irrigated.

__________________________

EXERCISE

Answer now itself!

i). What is germination? What

are the steps to germinate

a bean seed?

ii). What is the importance of

soil.

iii). Why the plants not live

together?

EXERCISE

iv). What is mean by dispersal?

How are the seeds

dispersed. Write any one

example.

v). How the squirrels help to

germinate plant?

vi). Write a short note on

Endosulfan?

EXERCISE

vii). What is mean by

agriculture? What are

stages of agriculture?

viii) Why farmers has divided

the crop into two parts

based on the climatic

changes? Which are that

two parts. Give one

example.

EXERCISE

Tricky time

i). If there is no soil how will

plants grow?

ii). Without agriculture can you

feed the entire population?

EXERCISE

Think and answer

i). Soil is very helpful to plant.

But there is another

substance in soil also helps

to grow plant. Which is this

substance? (hint: dead

remains of plants and

animals).

ENOUGH FOR BORING

Is it very boring when you always study. So for that R. SREERAJ MENONis presenting a video clip on the topic ‘Resources’.

OOM… A STORY

Here is our favourite Rosy to tell us a

story about plants.

THE USE OF TREE

Manu and Bolu are great friends. Once they travel

together to Sikhanpur. In the way they feel very

thirsty and hungry. They sat down in the tree shade.

At that time Bolu looked at the tree. Bolu asked to

Manu: “there is no fruits, no flowers in this tree, then

why this tree is living? The reply of Manu was “don’t

look the deficiency of tree. You said is correct. I

accepted. But this tree is giving shade to us.” Thus,

Bolu understand that don’t look the deficiency, look

how tree is useful.

BOAT

WATER

SO WE ARE GOING TO STUDY ABOUT:

AN INTRODUCTION

Matter is any substance that has mass and occupies space. You have learnt in your previous class that there are three states of matter.

Can you name the 3 states of matter?

_____________________________

All matter is made up of small parts called molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms

PARTICLE ARRANGEMENT IN

SOLID

In solids, the particles are tightly packed

in a rigid pattern and so cannot move

away from one place to another.

Particle arrangement is solid

PARTICLE ARRANGEMENT IN

LIQUID

In liquids, the particles are not as tightly

pack in solids; so they can move and

slide over each other. This makes

liquids flow and take the shape of the

contained they are poured in.

Particle arrangement in liquids

PARTICLE ARRANGEMENT

IN GASES

In gases, the particles are far apart from

each other and can move freely. So,

gases can flow easily and take up all

the available space.

Particle arrangement in gases.

CHANGE OF STATE

You already know that matter can

change from one state to another, for

example, water (liquid) can become

steam (gas), and ice (solid) can melt

and become water (liquid). Let us

know the changes in the terms of the

movements in tiny particles.

EVAPORATION

When water gets heated, it evaporates, or, it changes into water vapour. This happens because on heating the particles of water start vibrating or moving faster. Finally, they break free from their existing arrangement and escape into the air. They become gas, where the particles can move much more freely.

CONDENSATION

Steam condenses to form water again. When the

freely flowing particles of steam touch a cold

surface, cooling happens. Cooling a substance

slows down the movement of this particles.

The particles thus become less free to move

and become loosely packed to change from gas

to water.

MELTING

Ice is a solid. The water particles in solid ice are

rigidly packed to give a fixed shape. When ice

is taken out of the refrigerator, it melts

gradually. This is because in a warm place, the

water particles in ice start vibrating faster and

finally break away from the rigid pattern. They

become loosely packed as in a liquid and form

water.

FREEZING

In freezing, when the water is cooled, its

particles start slowing down and pack

themselves into a rigid shape, thus forming

solid ice.One Minute Please

You should not keep the

refrigerator door open for a long

time or open the door very often.

This lets the cold air flow out of

the refrigerator. Save electricity by

reducing the amount of time the

door is open!

EXPANSION

Heating a substance can make it expand. When a

substance is heated, the particles start vibrating

rapidly. Thus, each particle takes up more

space due to their increased movement, so, the

substance expands. The increase in size of

matter on heating is called expansion. This

explains why a tight metal lid of a jar can be

opened when dipped in hot water. The heat of

the water causes the lid to expand a little &

open out easily.

CONTRACTION

Cooling a substance can make it expand. When a

material is cooled, the particles slow down. They

take less space as their movement has decreased.

This is why the material contracts. So, cooling a

substance can make it contract. The decrease in

size of matter on cooling is called contraction. It

is due to the effects of heating and cooling that

electric cables hang loosely from poles in

summer and do not appear loose in winter ONE MINUTE PLEASE

Do you know that ice occupies more space than water.

in winter.

REVISION

i). Matter is any substance that has mass,

weight and occupies space.

ii). The 3 states of matter are solid, liquid and

gas.

iii). Matter can change from one state to another.

Iv). Evaporation is the process that liquid

changes into gas by heating.

v). Condensation is the process that gas changes

into liquid.

REVISION

vi). Melting is the process that solid change into

liquid.

vii). Freezing is the process that liquid change

into solid.

viii). Expansion is the increase in size of matter

on heating.

ix). Ice occupies more space than water.

EXERCISE

Fill in the blanks

i). Matter is any substance that

has _________, ____________ &

__________.

ii). Three states of matter are

_________, __________ and

________

EXERCISE

Fill in the blanks

iii). Save __________________ energy

by reducing the amount of

time opening refrigerators

door.

EXERCISE

Answer the questions

i). Why do solids have a fixed

shape?

ii). What make liquids flow?

iii). Describe the particle

arrangement in solid,

liquid?

EXERCISE

iv). How is steam formed?

v). How does ice (solid) become

water?

vi). Define a). Evaporation

b). Condensation c). Freezing

d). Contraction.

EXERCISE

Give reason

i). Why do substances expand on

heating.

ii). Why do substances on

cooling?

EXERCISE

Tricky time

i). The particles move ___________

when ____________.

ii). Is all are solid, liquid & gas?

EXERCISE

Think and answer

i). Matter is composed of ________

& __________________.

ii). We studied that when water

get heated it will become

steam. But when we make

bullsai, when egg

evaporates it become solid.

EXERCISE

Why?

iii). What is meant by rigid?

iv). What all energy can made

from water?

ST

Accidents can happen any time, any

where. Accidents can cause serious

injuries. So, we should be careful and

follow safety rules to avoid them.

What all safety’s we should follow?

i). Road safety ii). Safety from fire

etc.