Spring Exam Review

This review covers Chapter 5, 6, 7, Constitutional Handbook, Early Presidents

(parts of Chapters 8-12) and Chapter 13 (Road to Civil War)

What were the cause of the American Revolution?

• The extreme debt incurred by the British as a result of the French and Indian War

• Frontiersmen ignored the Proclamation of 1763

• The British started a series of taxes that angered the colonists

• Their battle cry became “No Taxation Without Representation!”

Event #1

1763 Proclamation Line

Proclamation of 1763• … a law passed by King George

III to try to prevent the colonists from expanding westward. It set the Appalachian Mountains as the boundary line. No new expansion was allowed past this line and those settlers already living on the frontier there were told to leave. The Proclamation was intended to prevent further conflict with the Native Americans such as Pontiac’s War.

• The Proclamation angered the colonists who wanted to expand into the area that had been won fair and square in the French and Indian War. This led to friction between the Colonists and the King . They chose to ignore the Proclamation because of the 3000 mile distance. The bad feeling would continue to worsen as new taxes were issued to help pay for the debt from the War.

Event #2

1764, Sugar Act

Sugar Act…

• Parliament and king george III lowered the tax on molasses and sugar items hoping this would convince the colonists to pay the tax. Prior to this, the colonists were smuggling sugar items into the colonies to avoid the tax.

• The new law angered the colonsits because they believed that the Bristish were violating their rights as British citizens. It also violated their right to a jury trial. These were some of the ways that the British began to anger the colonists and that would lead to rebelion.

Event #3

1765, Stamp Act

Stamp Act• The Stamp Act was passed

in1765 by Parliament, this act put taxes on almost all printed material, including newspapers, playing cards, and wills. Also printed materials had to have a stamp. After the tax was paid the stamp was applied to the material. This was the first tax that directly impacted the colonists pocketbook.

• These taxes caused a man named Samuel Adams to start a group “trouble makers” called the Sons of Liberty. These were a group of people that burned effigies, or rag figures, of tax collectors. Another man, Patrick Henry, brought the colonists to boycott the Stamps. This taught the colonists that when they worked together they can accomplish great things.

Event #4

1770, Townshend Acts

Event #6

1773, Tea Act

Event #7

1773, Boston “Tea Party”

Coercive Acts (or Intolerable Acts) (*how do the Coercive Acts relate to the 3rd Amendment?)

What did Jesus have to say about paying taxes?

Read Matthew 22:15-22

Two new “tactics” that were used in the pre-War period:

• Boycott- First Continential

Congress called for the boycott of British goods

- Daughters of Liberty spread information on how to substitute homemade goods in their place

• Propaganda-Five people were killed

and it was referred to as the Boston “Massacre”

-The Coercive Acts were re-named the “Intolerable” Acts by the Colonists

1776---Two Key Events

• January---Thomas Paine publishes the pamphlet Common Sense

• 500,000 copies were sold

• Contained the “why” of the American Revolution

• Second Continental Congresses calls for the writing of the Declaration of Indpendence

Struggle at Valley Forge

American Strengths and Weaknesses

• The colonists are fighting for independence

• George Washington can inspire his men to fight

• France will aide the colonies with weapons, supplies and their navy

Patriots and Loyalists

• Patriots were colonists who supported the break from England.

• Loyalists are colonials support the England.

• Colonists are divided as to whether or not they should rebel against England!

American Strengths and Weaknesses

• The colonists are not a trained army

• Colonists enlist for months instead of years

• Short on money, weapons and supplies to fight a war

British Strengths and Weaknesses

• The British have an experienced professional army

• Outnumber the Continental Army

• The British army is well supplied with equipment and weapons

British Strengths and Weaknesses

• The British are not fighting for a cause• British officers are careless and poor leaders• The British have a to cross the Atlantic Ocean to

send men and supplies for the war• The support at homes is rather weak

Outwit, Outlast and Outplay in New Jersey

• Battle of Trenton • Battle of Princeton

The Turning Point: Battle of Saratoga

Two Constitutions

• Articles of Confederation

• U.S. Constitution

Articles of Confederation

• Strengths • Weaknesses

U.S. Constitution: A Bundle of Compromises

• Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan were brought together in the Great Compromise

• If the lower house of the legislature was to be based on population then how was the South’s slave population to be counted in the census?

• This led to the• 3/5 Compromise

• Slave Trade Compromise

Basic Organization of the Constitution

• Introduction- Preamble (gives the 6 purposes of the constitution)

• Articles I –VII• Article I – Legislative Branch• Article II- Executive Branch• Article III- Judicial Branch

• Amendments• Bill of Rights, Amendments 1-10• Later Amendments, 11-27

First Amendment (5 Freedoms)

Second Amendment

Third Amendment

Use the Constitution to fill in this chart:Requirement House Member

Article 1, Section 2, Paragraph 2

Member of the SenateArticle 1, Section 3, Paragraph 3

PresidentArticle 11, Section 1, Paragraph 5

Minimum Age RequirementHow long a citizen or what type of citizen?Where must they live? Or for how long must they live in the United States?

U.S. Constitution

7 Foundational Principles:• Popular Sovereignty-the theory that government is

subject to the will of the people

• Republicanism-having a representative democrcy• Limited government-• Federalism-the sharing of power between federal and

state governments• Separation of Powers-each of the three branches of

government (legislative, executive and judicial) is given distinct jobs to do by the Constitution

• Checks and Balances-each branch of government has a “check” on the other two branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful

• Individual Rights-citizens are guaranteed a protection of basic rights such as those listed in the Bill of Rights

The Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787

Early Presidents

What were their major accomplishments in domestic and

foreign affairs?

George Washington

For this President review the

• Judiciary Act

• Neutrality Proclamation

• *Please remember that you read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

Think about this…

• : Most Americans would agree that George Washington was a great leader but they wouldn’t be able to give good reasons why this is true. Now that you have studied George Washington’s actions in both the American Revolution and as the First United States President, can you give four convincing pieces of “evidence” to show that he was a great leader in the two events listed above?

John Adams• 22. John Adams• (a) Alien and Sedition Acts• • (b) Virginia and Kentucky

Resolutions• Please remember that you

read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

Thomas Jefferson

• 23. Thomas Jefferson• (a) Louisiana Purchase• • • (b) Lewis and Clark Expedition• Please remember that you

read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

James Madison

• 24. James Madison• (a) War of 1812-• • (b) Treaty of Ghent-• Please remember that you

read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

JamesMonroe

• • 25. James Monroe• (a) Missouri Compromise• • • (b) Monroe Doctrine-• Please remember that you

read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

John Quincy Adams

• All you need to know is that John Q. Adams was the 6th President of the United States (from Memory Matters)

Andrew Jackson

• • 27.. Andrew Jackson• (a) Trail of Tears• • • (b) Nullification Crisis• Please remember that you

read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

Changes in Work, Travel and Communication

Industrialization

• Began in the North• The South lacked “capital” to start factories• Their “capital” was tied up in slaves and land• North had more factories• Immigrants flocked to America and worked in

Northern factories• The South remained more AGRARIAN and the

Northern economy more INDUSTRIAL

Changes in the way people worked…

• Elias Howe invented the Sewing Machine

• John Deere invented the steel-tipped plow

• The reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormick

• Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin

Travel: Steam Locomotive• Peter Cooper

Communication: Telegraph• Samuel Morse

American Revolution• 1775 (or 1776) to 1783

War of 1812• 1812-1815

Civil War• 1• 1861-1865

Spanish American War• 1898

World War I• 1917-1918

World War II• 1941-1945

Korean War• 1950-1953

Vietnam War• 1960-1975