sppg geaking at scientific meetings - auc.cz ii-2010 jim.pdf · sppg geaking at scientific meetings...

Speaking at Scientific Meetingsp g gPart II – Contents and Technique

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J. Masojídek: Speaking - part IIAU

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Outline

Kinds of lectures

Outline

Kinds of lecturesPreparation of lectureP t f l tParts of lectureAnswers to questionsForm of lectureExamples of tables graphs pictures – good Examples of tables, graphs, pictures good vs. bad

3

J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II

Types of Presentations

Standard (“oral”) presentation in the section Standard ( oral ) presentation in the section (10-20 min)

„Keynote” lecture” (30-45 min)

Pl l (45 60 i )Plenary lecture (45-60 min)

4


Other forms of presentations

Special seminar (at some institution 30 to 60

Other forms of presentations

Special seminar (at some institution, 30 to 60 min, followed by longer discussion)Course at university (1-2 h every week during semester)semester)Lecture for general public (city hall, radio, TV, l h d )close interaction with audience)

Oration (flowery style allowed)Oration (flowery style allowed)

5


h f f l d l h

Form of lectureThe proper form for slides is: simple text with headings, simple figures with little text, photos, simple graphs and tables, simple animation –accompanied by spoken explanation.

Number your slides. In this way you hold control over your performance, keep the schedule and time. If you project long texts in small characters, the audience tends to read it and they do not listen.

6


Listeners of “visual and acoustic” type

Average listener remembers:20% of what is heard; 20% of what is heard; 30% of what is seen;altogether 50 75% of what is heard and seen at the altogether 50-75% of what is heard and seen at the same time.80% f itt t t (b k ti l )80% of written text (book, article)

7


Collection of materials (Pools)Files, envelopes, boxes, reprints, books in a drawerdrawerSubdirectory (on computer)Back ups of all materials and electronic filesBack-ups of all materials and electronic files

8© R. Walker 1992


Preparation of lecture structure

Outline: extent, number and order of slides (depends

p

on the length of lecture)Procedure – Collect, Cut & Paste – pasting parts of the text and figures from other presentations!!! Modify presentation for every lecture (re-cycling)Cutting – in final version you must cut all figures and text which are not necessary, or which cannot be y,shown due to time restriction„Live“ illustrations are always good, as well as good „Live illustrations are always good, as well as good sense of humor.

9


1 h d d h k ( f k)

Contents of lecture

1. Why you did this work (Aim of work)2. How you did it and what you used (Methodology)3. What you found (Results)4. What you think it means (Conclusions)5. Finally, thank the audience (5 words)!!! Leave time for discussion

10


The schedule of lecture

(i) Start & Introduction (about 10% of time)

(ii) Main part - Essay, the ‘core’ of lecture (about 80% of time) )

(iii) Conclusions (about 10%)(i ) Dis ssi ( s ll 3 5 mi )(iv) Discussion (usually 3-5 min)

11


Parts of lecture Parts of lecture

12

J. Masojídek: Speaking - part IJ. Masojídek: Speaking - part II

Introductory party p(10% of time)

Approaching the desk, technical manipulation,unexpected problemsp pThe title is important (it must say what the talk will beabout))Thank your organisers, collaborators, supervisor,sponsors, etc.p ,Outline of lecture (just show contents)Main idea of the lecture - aim, hypothesis, question –f m, yp , qimportant to repeat/stress main idea several timesduring the lecture

13

during the lecture


Main part - Essay(80% of time)(80% of time)

This part should take most of your timeThis part should take most of your time.

“State-of-the-art” - short overview from literatureState-of-the-art - short overview from literature

Methods – ResultsMethods Results

Methods – don’t go to details, the audience can ask during Methods don t go to details, the audience can ask during discussion after lecture. Explain just new, important procedures –briefly, the best way is a schematic diagramp y, y gResults – explain in pictures, photographs, graphs, tables, diagrams, accompanied by the title and short text

14

g p y


Results

Don’t go to statistical details and complex calculations if it is not the aim of the lectureit is not the aim of the lecture.The audience must trust that your figures are correctThe graph is always better than even simple table More The graph is always better than even simple table. More results and numbers, more suitable is a graph.Colour graphs are better than B&WColour graphs are better than B&W.Don’t read figures in the table, just show and point out some differences e g this number is by 30% higher some differences, e.g. this number is by 30% higher than the other one, this figure after treatment is twice bi th th t i th t l l ti ) bigger than that in the control population). You can also suggest what you plan as the next step, but b f l t t h th i

15be careful not to uncover your new hypothesis.


Th l t h ld d t d i j t t Conclusions (10%)

The lecture should graduate and is just necessary to prepare for GRAND FINALE – CONCLUSIONS – the

i f th di th t’ h th main message for the audience, that’s why they come to listen. Th h f ll h This part you have to present very carefully, in the most understandable way.It should answer the question or hypothesis open at the beginning. The conclusions of the lecture must be concise and clear and should provoke some discussion.Finally, the listener should obtain take-home message.Close the lecture clearly, just thanking audience.

16("thank you for attention").


The discussion with the audience

Don’t be afraid of discussion, give some impulses Don t be afraid of discussion, give some impulses during your lecture. In this way you can anticipate potential questionsIn this way you can anticipate potential questions.

17


Th i d i / f lThe questions during/after lecture

How to ask & answer questions ?

Briefly and clearlyPolitelyPolitelyDon’t take all time for discussion.Don’t be afraid, you ask to learn something.

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The answers to questionsThe answers to questions

How to answerHow to answerPraise the question (e.g. interesting idea, good question) you gain timequestion) – you gain time.Don’t rush, do 3-5 sec pause to think over), show

f l d some of your slides again. Answer briefly. Don’t be afraid of “I don’t know”, “I’ve not done this experiment”.pDon’t quarrel.Ask the audience

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Ask the audience.


Saving and transport of filesSaving and transport of files

Compatibility of computer systems

• Flash disk, CD disk, hard disk, floppy disk

• FTP server e-mail box• FTP server, e-mail box

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The graphical design of presentation Th i f h

Titl (b ld 28 32 pt)

The size of characters

Title (bold, 28-32 pt)

b l (b ld 26 28 )Subtitle (bold, 26-28 pt)

Text normal 1 (18 pt) – too small

Text normal 2 (20 pt) - acceptable

Text normal 3 (22 pt) - good

Text normal (24 pt) even better21

Text normal (24 pt) – even better


GB USA t tGB, USA – monotype system

Typographic units1 i t ( t) 0 351 point (pt) = 0.35 mm1 pica (pc) = 12 points = 4.2 mm

The size of characters1 garmont = 10 points1 cicero = 12 points = 4.2 mmp1 double-cicero = 24 points

22


The text font for presentationThe text font for presentation

Better readible is serif face (Times New Roman) or (C i S MS) th if G thi f (A i l(Comic Sans MS) than sans serif, Gothic face (Arial, Tahoma)Do not combine fonts in the text.Emphasis can be put as bold, italics, in colour, not CAPITALS or underline.

23


SlidesThe heading for each slide (>26 pt)Slid t b i f ti b t t d t il d (li t Slide must be informative, but not detailed (listener can read usually 20-40 words). The text must be large enough from the back of the room The text must be large enough from the back of the room (> 18-20 pt).

Use simple figures with little text some animationUse simple figures with little text, some animation.If you talk, avoid passive sentences. It is recommended to use first-person singular or plural.use first person singular or plural.Try to avoid foreign words (mostly Latin origin) or complex expressions which are difficult to pronounce.p p

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Background, coloursBackground – better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for eyesbright colours which are unpleasant for eyes.Be careful with colours: using the different background can separate various parts of the lecture. p pUse colour curves in graphs.Written text can be separated by colours according to p yimportance (better readible is black or blue text than red or green).g )Don’t use dull colours as yellow, orange or grey.

In the slide, erase all text and figures which will not be mentioned.

25

J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II25

Background, colours

Background – better paler undertones, than dark or

Background, colours

Background better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for eyes.Be careful with colours: using the different

k d f h l background can separate various parts of the lecture. Use colour curves in graphs.W b d b l d Written text can be separated by colours according to importance (better readible is black or blue text than red or green).Don’t use dull colours as yellow, orange or grey.

2626J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II

Background, colours


Background, colours




Examples !!!

The colour of background and text

• Background – better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for your eyes

Colour of background and text

• Background – better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for your eyescolours which are unpleasant for your eyes

30


Examples of tables, graphs, pictures

• In your lecture, don’t use tables and figures prepared f ti l hi h f ll f d tfor an article, which are full of data.

• Prepare a table or a graph showing only selected data or curves.

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This table is not suitable for lecture !

32


This picture is not suitable for lecture !!

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Table must have a title, usually just 4 columns and 4-6 lines, all figures should be round off, just necessary number of decimal

l i h E

Synergistic effect of drought (water deficiency) and

places, without ± SEYes !!!

Synergistic effect of drought (water deficiency) andhigh irradiance measured in broad bean (Vicia faba).Water content (RWC) and max. photochemical yield ofPS2 (FV/FM) in leaves; electron transport throughPS2 (FV/FM) in leaves; electron transport throughPhotosystem 2 (PS2 ET) in chloroplasts

Treatment RWC F /F ET PS2 Treatment RWC (%)

FV/FM ET PS2 (%)

Control 100 0.85 100

D ht t t d 40 0 81 35Drought treated 40 0.81 35

Drought + high 30 0.65 10

34

Drought high irradiance treated

30 0.65 10


Modification of the previous table – better, Various trials are in columns, variables in lines

Good !!! The synergistic effect of drought (water deficiency) and high irradiance measured in broad bean (Vicia faba). Water content (RWC) and maximum photo-chemical yield of PS2 (FV/FM) in leaves; electron transport through Photosystem 2 (PS2 ET) in chloroplasts.

Control Drought treated

Drought+high irradiance Treatmenttreated

%RWC 100 40 30

F /F 100 95 76FV/FM 100 95 76

PS2 ET 100 35 10

35


Example

Good table max 4 columns × 6 lines36


Good table – max. 4 columns × 6 lines

Overview of Chl fluorescence parameters from literature

Yes !!!Self-explaining p m f mf p g

37


Graph• The graph must be well described (self-explaining),

technical font (Arial), better lower case letters than CAPITALS.

• The characters must be large enough, to be visible from the back of the lecture room (14-20pt)

• Maximum is 5 curves, better thick (0.5-06 mm) than thin and well distinguishable, best in colour.

• Units SI, e.g. xanthophylls [mg mg-1(Chl)], or mg/mg Chl• If you compare two graphs – keep the same scale and

units on axes, same colours and symbols of curves for ysame parameters

38


The diel course of solar irradiance focused by Fresnel lenses in the high-irradiance photobioreactor

May - JuneJuly - AugustSeptember

Graph dimensions

R ti s-1

] 6000

Septemberambient lightMarch - April

Ratio height/width

= 3:4

mol

m-2

s

4000

5000= 3:4

ance

[μm

2000

3000

Irrad

ia

1000

2000

Day time8 10 12 14 16 18

39


Day time

Non-photochemical quenching vs. X-cycleRelationship between Ax+Zx and NPQ

Figure for oral t tipresentation

40


Figure for paper

A +Z /Chl [ l l 1]41

Ax+Zx/Chl [mmol mol-1]


Changes of Chl fluorescence induction during diel cycle

preliminary graph from

E l Excel calculation

42


-1]

0.25

V-1]

0.25

V

LecturePaper

V [ μ

mol

s-

0.15

0.20

V /2 V = Vmax * [S] / (Km +[S])

Vmax

V [ μ

mol

s-

0.15

0.20

V /2

Vmax

0.05

0.10Vmax/2

[Equation] y = a*x/(b+x)a = Vmax = 0.2115b = KM = 14.6751

V Vmax [S] / (Km +[S])

0.05

0.10Vmax/2

[Equation] y = a*x/(b+x)a = Vmax = 0.2115b = KM = 14.6751

V = Vmax * [S] / (KM +[S])

S [μ mol ATP]

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.00

KM

S [μ mol ATP]

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.00

KM

Wrong figurem

ol s

-1]

0 30

0.33

0.35

0.38

0.40

Wrong figureV

[μm

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.25

0.27

0.30

Vmax

0.03

0.05

0.08

0.10

0.13

0.15

Vmax/2 [Equation] y = a*x/(b+x)

a = Vmax = 0.2115b = KM = 14.6751

V = Vmax * [S] / (Km +[S])

43S [μ mol ATP]

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.00

KM


contrstress1 0

biomass content vs. daytimePossibleR tistress

1st day 2nd day9 13 17 9 13 17

1.0

mg

L-1 ]

contrstress

Ratioh/w = 3:4

0.5

Dry

wei

ght [

0.09 13 17 9 13 17

Time of day [h]Day 1 Day 2

contrstress

9 13 17 9 13 174

5

contrt

biomass content vs. daytime Badcontr

3.0

1 ]

biomass content vs. daytime

Bad

1st day 2nd day9 13 17 9 13 17

3

4

ght [

mg

L-1 ]

stressstress

1st day 2nd day9 13 17 9 13 17

1.0

2.0

wei

ght [

mg

L-

contrstress

1

2

Dry

wei

g0.0D

ry w

9 13 17 9 13 17

Time of day [h]Day 1 Day 2

44

09 13 17 9 13 17

Day 1 Day 2

y [ ]


GoodGood

BadBad Bad

45

J. Masojídek: Speaking - part IIlog

Suitable

bl

40Zdroje emisí CO2

Unsuitable

%

30

%

10

20

0

10

DomácnostiElektrárny Průmysl

Doprava DomácnostiDoprava

46


Suitable

47


Diel trends of PS and ETR of waterblooms in fishpond Opatovicky

Example

hl) h

-1]

8001000

120150

A 8001000

hl) h

-1]

D

in fishpond Opatovicky

O2

mg-1

(Ch

m-2

s-1]

0200400600

306090

08:30 0200400600

2 m

g-1

(Ch

08:30n

[ μm

ol O

R [ μm

ol e

-00

08:30

400600800

90120B

0

400600800

[ μm

ol O

2

E

n ev

olut

ion

ETR

0200400

03060

10:30 0200400

evol

utio

n

10:30

F

PS o

xyge

n

S ox

ygen

e

200400600800

6090120C

200400600800 F

P PS

10 100 1000

0200

030

log Irradiance

17:000 30 60 90 120150

0200

ETR [ μmol e- m-2 s-1]

17:00

48

og ad a ce[ μmol photon m-2 s-1]

ETR [ μmol e m s ]


Example of ‘working’ 3D graph

49


C t ti f i t i

Example

Concentration of isoproturon in soil extracts measured

as activity of PSII biosensoras activity of PSII biosensorFluorescence parametr 1-Vj

SE error lines not necessary !!!

1 kg isoproturon / hectarSoil extracts were prepared from

three layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) of soil profile on Day 42 61 and cm) of soil profile on Day 42, 61 and 76 after the herbicide application

50


Schematic diagram of structural organisation of the photosynthetic membraneExample

PSII complex is separated by heptylthioglucosidep

H bicid Herbicide binding site

40 Å40 Å

51


Schematic diagram of structural organisation of the photosynthetic membraneExample photosynthetic membranep

ATP synthesis

52

J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II52

I bili ti f PSII l th f Example

Immobilisation of PSII complex on the surface of screen-printed Pt/Ag-AgCl electrode

PSII complexpreparationpreparation

Glutaraldehyde + BSA+ y+ Glycerol, MES pH 6.5+

Immobilisation k lon Pt working electrode

(artificial PSII membrane)

Printed electrode Pt/Ag-AgCl

53


Control of cultivation process software ALGOTRON v. 4.05 (based on LabView)

Example

Control, adjustment and record of cultivation condition - pH, dissolved O2,temperature, CO2 supply, mixing, irradiance, turbidity, Chl fluorescence

54


Horizontal tubular photobioreactor (monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence on-line)l l h l d k l

Example

Micro-algal Biotechnology, Sde Boker, Negev Desert, Israel

55


Set-up of Microflow UnitExample

www.bvt.cz

Temperated chamber with liquid sample and red LED illumination

The core of the Microflow Unit The core of the Microflow Unit with a biosensor slot, impeller,

micro-channel and LED illumination

56


Cells of green alga Pleurastrum sarcinoideumExample

Healthy culture

Stressed cells – N-deficiency high-lightStressed cells – N-deficiency, high-light

10 μm

57


Proposed structure of bioactive compoundE l Th i hibit f A t l h li t Example The inhibitor of Acetylcholine esterase

from Nostoc sp. (strain No. 17)

CH3

689 -(Arg)

HTyr Ileu

573 -(Ileu)

NH

OH

NH

N

OCH3

NH NHNH

NH2

ArgU

OOO OH

CH3

NHNH

ON

NH

[M+H]+865

N-MetAla

g

CH3

O

NH NH

O

865

176

Lys

H 176395

-(Lys-U-H2O)

Phe

58

Phe


Center of Biological TechnologiesProjectExample

Bioincubator Nové HradyPHARE Cross-border

C ti P

j

Co-operation Programme Project No. CZ 01.11.01.01

Solar technology

Greenhouse with solar concentrators

59


Di f th t 4 it

Two-stage solar photobioreactor (400-450 litres)Example Diagram of the system – 4 units

Low-irradiance facade panels – 9 m2, 30 metres of tubes, volume – 100 LHigh-irradiance roof panels – 15 m2, 48 metres of tubes,volume – 100-120 L

Example

Roof - tilted unitsRoof tilted units(angle 42°)

Vertical -wall units

HeatDegasser

Heatpump

60

J. Masojídek: Speaking - part I

Water reservoirs for heating & cooling

Experimental tubular photobioreactor

b d l t t

Example

based on solar concentratorsTests in 2002-2003

The prototype of a closed, p yp ,tubular photobioreactor was

designed, operated successfully

Technical data

and patented.

Technical dataCultivation loop: 27 metres of glass tubes on a movable frame.

- Total volume: 65 litres in one unit,9 2 f F l l9 m2 area of Fresnel lenses- Maximum irradiance: Up to 6 000 micromol photon m-2s-1

61


Up to 6,000 micromol photon m s

Processing line – microalgal biomass treatmentExample of procedure description in schematic diagram

Processing line microalgal biomass treatment

C if i d hi Centrifugation and washing of algal cells

Desintegration of algal cells Spray & heat drying

- Pharmacology - medicinePharmacology medicine- Cosmetics - Human food additives- Animal feed (e g aquacultures)Product use

62Pure dried biomass of algae- Animal feed (e.g. aquacultures)


Fractionation of algal biomass – extraction &Example of procedure description in schematic diagram

gpurification of high value compounds from algae

BIOMASSH2O Organic

WATER EXTRACT LIPIDFRACTION

(PROTEINS, NA)

H2O gsolvents

F

chromatography

Hight molecular Low molecular gweight compounds weight compounds

Ion-exchange chromatography Neutral lipids

Phospho lipids

Glyco lipids

Neutral compounds

Acidiccompounds

Basic compounds

p pp

Organic solvents

63RP-HPLCJ. Masojídek: Speaking - part II

During the actinic light exposure, the continuous excitation keeps some of the PSII RC’s closedexcitation keeps some of the PSII RC s closed

QA- QA

- QA- QA

- QA- QA

-

(courtesy of L Nedbal)64

(courtesy of L. Nedbal)

• Institute of Physical Biology University of South Bohemia Nové Hrady

Acknowledgement to co-workers• Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Nové Hrady• Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science, Třeboň• Company ENVI Ltd.,Třeboňp y

Giuseppe TorzilloI tit t l St di d li E i t i Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, C.N.R., Firenze, ItalyAvigad VonshakgMicroalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University, Sede-Boker, Israel

Support• Ministry of Education• EC – PHARE Cross-border Cooperation Programme• Czech Science Foundation• Czech Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council of Italy

65


• Czech Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council of Italy

Thank you for tt nti n attention …

Jiří Masojídek

Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Nové HradyI tit t f Mi bi l A d f S i Tř b ň Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Třeboň

Czech Republic

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