specified production big science laboratories often need specialized parts super-conducting magnets...

Specified Production Big science laboratories often need specialized parts Super-conducting magnets Large crystals Etc. American Superconductor Produces superconducting magnets/machines Has partnered with national labs such as Oak Ridge Annual Revenue of ~$400M

Proton Radiation Therapy Particle accelerators used to fire protons at tumors Delivers nearly all energy to a single point Less collateral damage CPAC Compact Particle Accelerator Corporation Developing a DWA type accelerator for proton radiation Will be smaller/more flexible Teamed with Lawrence Livermo

Fiber Optics Optical fiber: a thin, flexible, transparent fiber that acts as a waveguide to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference Application: a medium for telecommunication and networking because it is flexible and can be bundled as cables

Corning Drawing on more than 160 years of materials science and process engineering knowledge, Corning creates and makes keystone components that enable high-technology systems for consumer electronics, mobile emissions control, and telecommunications invented the first low-loss optical fiber (error-free transmission) offers a full portfolio of fiber products to meet the demands of different network applications, spanning from the desktop to the ocean Multimode fibers Bend-insensitive single-mode fibers Hundreds of times more bendable than standard single-mode fiber, enabling deployment of fiber-to-the-home in apartment complexes and high-rises. Standard single-mode fibers Submarine fibers A portfolio of fibers for transoceanic and short-haul submarine networks.

Nuclear ENERGY The Manhattan Project 1954 Amendments to the Atomic Energy Act: allowed rapid declassification of U.S. reactor technology and encouraged development by the private sector. http://www.neoenergyusa.com/ http://www.nem.com.tw/

Terrapower Aim: to develop a sustainable and economic nuclear energy system while greatly reducing proliferation risks and creating new options for converting low-level waste into vast energy resources Traveling Wave Reactor After an initial start-up with a small amount of low- enriched material, this innovative reactor design can run for decades on depleted uranium currently a waste byproduct of the enrichment process http://bcove.me/3ee648wn

Neo Energy Solutions, Inc. provides fundamental services and solutions to meet the demands of the growing North American renewable energy market, with a primary focus on wind and solar energy offers comprehensive solutions to the planning, permitting, design and construction of wind farm development SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Site Evaluation: calculate hours of sunlight, solar radiation levels and available square footage. evaluate the topography. Preliminary and Environmental Studies: analyze and compare the viability and profitability of the various technologies available on the market. have environmental engineers on staff to address all community and regulatory requirements. Leasing and Utility Agreements: assist customers in negotiating contract terms and pricing with utilities. Engineering Design and ROI Analysis: select the best technology design for the specific site and perform a feasibility analysis including a budget Regulatory Permitting and Construction: manage authorizations and ensure compliance with environmental and zoning requirements..

Nanotechnology Industry Nanotechnology industry: a commercial field that earns revenue by commanding matter on a molecular or atomic scale. Examples: use of silver in food packaging and zinc oxide in cosmetics and sunscreens. The industry makes money by constructing devices and materials with size 100 nanometers or smaller. It is expected that nanotechnology will be widely applied in industries like electronics, energy production and medicine. The number of products produced by nanotechnology across the world numbers more than 1,000 at present. The nanotechnological industry is particularly conspicuous in the medical field. The science is used in manufacture of drug delivery vehicles, diagnostic devices, physical therapy applications and analytical tools.

Founded by CEO Larry Bock Nanosys is Boston-based company that develops nanotechnology-enabled systems, with applications in molecular sensing, optoelectronics, and nanoelectronics. Bocks track record of launching over a dozen life science companies, and has helped Nanosys attract VC capital during one of the toughest eras for financing last February the company announced $15 million in Series B financing from five top-tier firms.

Over 750 patents and patent applications that address a wide range of industries including LED backlighting, LED general lighting, power (batteries and fuel cells), medical applications, next generation NAND Flash memories, Solar, Flat Panel Display driver transistors, and specialized nano-surface coatings.

Currently, Nanosys is focused on commercializing its quantum dot and silicon composite anode materials for the LED LCD and lithium ion battery industries.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) AI is a broad discipline that promises to simulate numerous innate human skills such as automatic programming, case-based reasoning, neural networks, decision-making, expert systems, natural language processing, pattern recognition and speech recognition etc. AI technologies bring more complex data-analysis features to existing applications. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used in business applications since the early eighties.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) The potential applications of Artificial Intelligence are abundant. They stretch from the military for autonomous control and target identification, to the entertainment industry for computer games and robotic pets, to the big establishments dealing with huge amounts of information such as hospitals, banks and insurances. We can also use AI to predict customer behavior and detect trends.

Arthur Samuels (in the 1950s) developed an expert checkers-playing program that learned from experience. Chess-playing program Deep Blue Artificial intelligence program Watson AI techniques and methodologies include learning, Bayesian Reasoning, intelligent agents, knowledge representation, logic programming, and planning. AI applications include electronic commerce, intelligent tutoring systems, knowledge management, performance management, and exploratory vision.

IBM In 2010, IBM was ranked the 20th largest firm in the U.S. by Fortune and the 33rd largest globally by Forbes.

X-Ray Crystallography X-ray crystallography uses X-rays to study the atomic structure of any crystal imaginable. It is done by bombarding the crystal we are interested in with an intense X-ray beam multiple times from different angles and the data is then used to make a 3d model of the crystal structure.

X-Ray Crystallography (continued) Being able to understand these crystals has allowed for a revolution in the way we are able to understand all materials in our universe. Multiple applications from DNA to minerals to semiconductors.

Why Big Science Many labs across the U.S. use accelerators to speed up photons so that they give off extremely powerful X-rays that can be used in industry. Circular vs. Linear

Companies Because X-ray crystallography has so many applications in modern science, numerous companies use this Big Science idea to their advantage. Many pharmaceutical companies use this technology to discover new drugs that fit a protein description to fight a certain disease. Many companies test prospective proteins at Argonne.

Charles Supper Company This company was created in 1946 by Charles E. Supper originally for manufacturing X-ray diffraction cameras but today, they make nearly every instrument needed for laser crystallography and sell this equipment to labs.

Charles Supper Company (continued) Some products include: Supper Goniometer Heads which hold the samples for the crystallography Supper Spindle Stage to examine the crystals Many more

The Internet We all know the World Wide Web was created at CERN and this by-product of Big Science has revolutionized our lives in so many ways. Although the internet itself is free, there are still numerous companies that have grown out of it.

Internet Service Providers With the gigantic advancement in internet expansion in the past 10 years, it is almost necessary to have internet to keep up with our modern society. Companies have taken advantage of this by providing internet for a price and the competition has increased exponentially in the past few years.

Internet Service Providers (continued) Some companies: Comcast, AOL, EarthLink, MSN, Verizon, These companies must invest a lot of money into getting their internet cables set up across the world.

Companies that Specialize on Things on the Internet Take Google for instance, they provide search engines and advertising for pretty much anyone that wants their voice heard on the internet. Or Skype and how they have introduced a whole new form of communication through the internet. These companies have grown to enormous powers because of Big Science.

Commercial/Synthetic Biology Human Genome Project: 1990 - 2003 The first gene synthesis companies (Entelechon and Geneart) were founded in 1999 Approximately 50 major gene synthesis companies worldwide (as of 2008) Industry produces an estimated 50,000 genes per year with individual firms producing anywhere from ten to 2,000 orders per month Since 2000, some companies have moved beyond drug discovery into drug development More emphasis on downstream applications of their technologies

Navigenics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYwBoSljfEk

Life Technologies Merge between Applied Biosystems and Invitrogen (and soon Geneart) Global biotechnology tools company dedicated to improving the human condition Our systems, consumables and services enable researchers to accelerate scientific exploration, driving to discoveries and developments that make life even better. Services include: personalized medicine, regenerative science, molecular diagnostics, agricultural and environmental research, and 21st century forensics Sales: $3.3 billion in 2009 9,000 employees Present in 160 countries 3,900 patents and exclusive licenses

History of Life Technologies

NewSpace Private Spaceflight Principle technology born out of Space Race and advances in space exploration technologies 1999 MirCorp first commercial space company that worked with the Russian space program to send people into space Wanted to offset costs of maintaining Mir (Soviet space station) First privately funded launch of a man into space April June of 2000

Many privately funded and operated corporations now looking into space tourism NASA has stated it isnt interested in space guests to the ISS Space Adventures founded in 1998 As of October 2009, theyve sent seven clients into space. Also offer zero-gravity atmospheric flights, orbital spaceflights, and other spaceflight-related experiences including spacewalk training Working in cooperation with Boeing which provides the spacecraft used

Virgin Galactic Founded in 2004 Plans to begin offering passenger service to paying customers initial seat price will be $200,000, but that price is expected to eventually fall to $20,000 Over 80,000 people have already made down payments for seats

Space Tourism Society Founded in 1996 and was the first organization focused on maintaining the space tourism industry Non-profit "To conduct the research, build public desire, and acquire the financial and political power to make space tourism available to as many people as possible as soon as possible."

Regulations on Space Tourism Dec 2005, US government released a set of proposed rules for space tourism. Includes screening procedures and training for emergency situations Under current US law, any company proposing to launch paying passengers from American soil on a suborbital rocket must receive a license from the Federal Aviation Administration's Office of Commercial Space Transportation

Remember This?

Main Sources: Coal 1.074B tons produced in U.S. annually Mostly used for electricity generation ~60M tons exported annually Natural Gas 545M cubic m produced annually 653M cubic m consumed annually Petroleum 6M barrels produced daily 21M barrels consumed daily Mostly used in transportation sector

Problems for the Economy Unsustainable Energy Usage to Increase Production to Decrease Complete reliance on Foreign Resources Ex: Petroleum 1.5M barrels imported daily $15M a day at current prices ($5.475B a year) Cutoff Halt of economy Global Warming? More potential problems that must be fixed

Why do we use it? Infrastructure already in place 1493 coal-fired power plants in U.S. Ease of use: Just burn it! Large investment needed to switch New Infrastructure R & D

Consequences Energy Slaves Power gives us capabilities to do more work Currently, finite amount of work possible Limited by energy extraction technologies As other countries develop, resource pool diminishes

Advancement of Current Technologies Advanced Oil Extraction Techniques Hydraulic Fracking Horizontal Drilling Alternative Natural Gas Sources Methane hydrates under the ocean Cleaner Burning Techniques Carbon Sequestering

In the End Bite the bullet We need

Imminent need for Renewable Energy Low energy consumption causes poverty The primary source of energy, fossil fuel, is finite U.S. production is down 40 percent from its peak (1970) -> significant dependence on foreign oil Sources of oil and gas will be exhausted within 4060 years Consumption is on the rise as much as 30 percent in the U.S

Renewable Energy Forms of Renewable Energy Wind power Hydropower Solar energy Biomass Bio fuel Geothermal energy Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: power generation Renewable energy provides 18 percent of total electricity generation worldwide 14 percent in the U.S. state of Iowa Iceland (100 percent), Brazil (85 percent) hot water/ space heating transport fuels Renewable bio fuels -> a significant decline in oil consumption in the United States since 2006 The 93 billion liters of bio fuels produced worldwide in 2009 displaced the equivalent of an estimated 68 billion liters of gasoline, equal to about 5 percent of world gasoline production rural (off-grid) energy services

Renewable energy and its benefits Use of ethanol for transportation Nearly all the gasoline sold in the United States today is mixed with 10 percent ethanol, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends. automobile companies sell flexible-fuel vehicles that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol.

Economic benefits of reducing environmental impact human health costs, in the form of health treatment costs, higher health insurance rates, missed work, and lost life According to a survey of the Pace University School of Legal Studies and studies by the American Lung Association, the annual US health costs from all air pollutants may be as high as hundreds of billions of dollars reduce the costs for neighboring industry to comply with environmental regulations.

Renewable energy and its benefits The California Energy Commission estimates that the 600 MW of new renewables will induce $700 million in private capital investment 10,000 construction jobs, with over $400 million in wages 900 ongoing operations and maintenance jobs with $30 million in long-term salaries gross state product impacts of $1.5 billion during construction and $130 million in annual ongoing operations

Renewable energy and its benefits A UCS analysis for Wisconsin: over a 30-year period, an 800-megawatt mix of new renewables would create about 22,000 more job-years than new natural gas and coal plants would A New York State Energy Office study: wind energy would create 27 percent more jobs than coal and 66 percent more than a natural gas plant per kilowatt hour generated

Renewable energy and its criticism Renewable electricity production is sometimes criticized for being variable or intermittent. International Energy Agency- deployment of renewable technologies usually increases the diversity of electricity sources and contributes to the flexibility of the system

U.S. VS OTHER INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES Other industrial countries are leaping ahead of the United States in renewable energy production. In fact, Japan and various European nations are encouraging the development of renewables by providing greater subsidies than does the United States

Renewable energy and nimby There have been "not in my back yard" (NIMBY) concerns renewable-energy projects would occupy vast amounts of land to produce significant amounts of power In California, some residents are fighting proposals to build vast solar- energy plants in the Mojave Desert in fear that they will mar views and lower property values.

The role of federal government Around the world, countries that have rolled out fossil-fuel alternatives most aggressively have used heavy-handed government action to address such sentiment. France, for example, now produces about 80% of its electricity from nuclear energy. But France's national government manages the country's nuclear-construction program, and it has pushed ahead for decades despite sometimes-heated public protests A Senate committee passed a bill that would give the federal government authority to decide where to put new power lines if states, which now make those decisions, move too slowly.

Investment on Health to Revitalize the Economy Health performance and economic performance are interlinked. Wealthier countries have healthier populations for a start. Poverty adversely affects life expectancy. National income has a direct effect on the development of health systems, through insurance coverage and public spending, for instance. While health expenditures are determined mainly by national income, they increase faster than income.

Health and Economy Economic evidence confirms that a 10% improvement in life expectancy at birth is associated with a rise in economic growth of some 0.3-0.4 percentage points a year. Disease hinders institutional performance too. Lower life expectancy discourages adult training and damages productivity. Similarly, the emergence of deadly communicable diseases has become an obstacle for the development of sectors like the tourism industry, on which so many countries rely.

National Institutes of Health The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nations medical research agency. The NIH provides leadership and direction to programs designed to improve the health of the Nation by conducting and supporting research: in the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and cure of human diseases; in the processes of human growth and development; in the biological effects of environmental contaminants; in the understanding of mental, addictive and physical disorders; and in directing programs for the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information in medicine and health

Cons to Investing in Big Science to Revitalize the U.S. Economy What do you think?

Cons to Investing in Big Science to Revitalize the U.S. Economy (continued) Although Big Science projects can provide many manual labor jobs for Americans, once the project is built, the skill level required to continue to work on the project is much higher once the project starts. Big Science projects have a finite lifetime so we need to come up with new ways to advance a project if we hope to use it to sustain the economy for a long time. The cost of big science projects cause us to invest even more money and we dont know for certain that it will produce the results we expect.

Pros to Investing in Big Science Investment in big science creates good jobs across the economy; there is large need so the money will be spent immediately, and it represents an investment in the infrastructures of research and higher education that are vital to the future. Basic science research in the U.S. is largely funded by grants to individual investigators or national laboratories from the NIH, NSF, and the DOE. Money spent immediately to support research programs already approved, salaries for laboratory scientists, purchases of supplies and equipment (most from small U.S. businesses) and institutional expenses of the colleges, universities and medical schools where researchers work Families USA has estimated that each $1 billion of NIH research grant funding creates more than 15,000 jobs with an average wage of $52,000 a year and generates $2.21 billion of new business activity

specified production big science laboratories often need specialized parts super-conducting magnets...

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