species interactions in biological communities. community several different species interacting in...
TRANSCRIPT
Species Interactions in
Biological Communities
Community
• Several different species interacting in the same geographic area
• Types of Interactions• Competition• Predation• Symbiosis
Interactions
• 2 Types of Competition• Intra-specific Competition
• Competition between organisms of the same species
• Inter-specific Competition• Competition between organisms of
different species
Competition
• Example of Inter-specific Competition• Competitive Exclusion
• Two species so similar in requirements that the same resource limits both species’ growth & 1 species may succeed over the other• Paramecium Study
Interactions
• Predation• Interaction in which 1 organism eats
another• Predator = Hunter• Prey = Hunted
• Predator/Prey Adaptations* Camouflage* Hunt in pack* Acute senses* Mimicry * Body Modifications:
• Claws, teeth, fangs, stingers* Chemical Defenses- Thorns, venom
Physical adaptations
Body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its species.
Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.
Hey! I’m a walking stick. I look just like a stick you’d find on the ground.
© A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation
Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings.
Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
Poisonous
Not poisonous
Physical adaptation
I’m the Monarch!
I’m the Viceroy!
Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
Physical adaptation
Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth)
Physical adaptations
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up.
Interactions
• Symbiotic Relationships• Close interaction between species in which 1
of the species lives in or on the other• 3 Main Types
• Parasitism• Parasite obtains its food at the expense of a host
• Mutualism• Both organisms benefit from the relationship
• Commensalism• 1 organism benefits while the other organism is
neither harmed nor helped