spaceborne observations of the polar regions during ipy
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Spaceborne Observations of the Polar Regions during IPY. The IPY provides an international framework for understanding high-latitude climate change and predicting world wide impacts. Spaceborne technology offers unique capabilities for obtaining essential data for predictive models. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Spaceborne Observations of the Polar Regions during IPY
• The IPY provides an international framework for
understanding high-latitude climate change and predicting world wide impacts.
• Spaceborne technology offers unique capabilities for obtaining essential data for predictive models.
• IPY era spaceborne instrumentation represents a technological leap beyond the capabilities of the IGY
Global Inter-agency IPY Polar Snapshot Year
(GIIPSY) GIIPSY aims to facilitate:
• Use of current and soon to be launched earth observing satellites to develop broad spectral, medium and high resolution snapshots of the polar regions.
• Use of the snapshots as gauges for assessing the impacts
of past and future high latitude environmental changes.
• Establishment of technical and programmatic infrastructure for sustaining international observations beyond IPY.
GIIPSYScience Goals
• Understand the polar ice sheets sufficiently to predict their contribution to global sea level rise• Understand sea ice sufficiently to predict its response to and influence on global climate change and biological processes Measure how much water is stored as seasonal snow and its variability. Understand glaciers and ice caps in the context of hydrologic and biologic systems and their contributions to global sea level rise. Understand the interactions between the changing polar atmosphere and the changes in sea ice, glacial ice, snow extent, and surface melting. Understand the spatial distribution of permafrost, its interactions with other systems or processes, and predict its response to climate change. Improve understanding, observing and modeling capabilities of lake and river ice and its influence on energy, water and biochemical cycling, and aquatic ecosystems.
Aircraft and in-situSounders and GPR
SystemsDMSP
IceSat
ADM-Aeolus
Accomplishing the IPY SnapshotMETOP
GOCE
GRACE
SPOT-4
HRVIR / VGT
SMOS
f
PALSAR PRISM / AVNIR-2
Aqua & Terra
H
ERS-2
ALOS
RADARSAT
Envisat
ASAR MERIS / A-ATSR
MODIS / ASTERAMSR-E ASCAT AVHRRSSMI
IPY science goals can be realized through collaboration on the end-to-end system of:• Sensors and Spacecraft• Acquisition Planning• Receiving Ground Stations• Processing Facilities• Calibration and Validation• Historical data sets
The End
to End System
Additionally, plans should include suborbital campaigns where there may be a need to tie interrupted spaceborne observations (e.g. ERS-2 to IceSAT to Envisat RA2) that bracket the IPY period.
To include Svalbardand Antarctic Stations
New Technical Innovation
The IPY is a scientific endeavour. Yet it is likely that the IPY investigations will also identify new technical requirements and approaches. A recommendation to the flight agencies is to seed the most promising ideas so as to prepare for next generation observations.
GISMO/CReSIS: Build an instrument to image Greenland and Antarctica as they would appear were the ice sheets stripped away
GIIPSY Strategy
• Specify data requirements (IGOS, IPY-SCOBS)• Identify requirements satisfied through the routine
operations (eg MODIS, MERIS) • For routine observations, work with flight agencies
to assure that data are available/archived in standardized fashion
• Identify requirements that can only be satisfied by non-routine tasking, processing and distribution (eg SAR, InSAR, high resolution optical).
• Work with the flight agencies to acquire non-routine data so as to distribute the operational load.
• Following selection of projects through the national A.O.’s, identify whether any legacy data sets are absent from the acquisition plans.
GIIPSY Vision• Acquire key legacy data sets necessary to
understand the changing polar environment. Examples include:
– First, pole to coast measurement of Antarctic Ice Sheet surface velocity;
– Annual, basin-scale measurements of Arctic sea ice motion;
– First, circumpolar, fine resolution measurements of Antarctic sea ice kinematics
– High spatial resolution measurements of polar glacier elevation;
– Pan-Arctic view of lake and river ice break-up dynamics;
– Infrastructure and programs for continuing observations into the future.
GIIPSY Plans and Accomplishments
• ESA IPY Data A.O.• CSA RADARSAT-1 archive access• U.S. NASA and NSF funds for ALOS
processing• GIIPSY Data Requirements Document• GIIPSY meeting, 2006 Fall AGU• WMO sponsored meeting of international
flight agencies, January, 2007
GIIPSY Information• www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu/rsl/GIIPSY
• European IPY Launch Event (ESF-EPB)Feb. 26, 2007 - European Parliament, StrasbourgContact: M. Drinkwater ([email protected])
• GIIPSY Team Meeting EGU, Vienna, April 2007Contact: K. Farness ([email protected])
Upcoming GIIPSY Events
GIIPSY ParticipantsRobin Bell Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory
Ian Allison Australian Antarctic Division
Barry Goodison Environment Canada
Roger Barry National Snow and Ice Data Centre
Chris Rapley British Antarctic Survey
Irena Hajnsek DLR
Prasad Gogineni University of Kansas
Fumihiko Nishio Chiba University
Vicky Lytle Director CliC IPO
Jeff Key University of Wisconsin
Wen Jiahong Shanghai Normal University
John Cooper NASA GSFC
Katy Farness The Ohio State University
Costas Armenakis NRCan
Flavio Parmiggiani ISAC CNR
John Crawford Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Helen Fricker Scripps Institute of Oceanography
Mark Parsons National Snow and Ice Data Centre
Vijay K. Agarwal Space Applications Centre (ISRO)
National Snow and Ice Data CentreTed Scambos
Yonsei UniversityHong Gyoo Sohn
USA CRRELDon Perovich
The Ohio State UniversityJason Box
University College LondonDuncan Wingham
Technical University of DenmarkPreben Gudmandsen
Norsk Polar InstituteJack Kohler
NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterJay Zwally
University of BristolJonathan Bamber
NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterWaleed Abdalati
Texas A&M UniversityHong Xing Liu
Scripps Institute of OceanographyBernard Minster
Goddard Space Flight CenterRobert Bindschadler
Alaska Satellite FacilityNettie LaBelle-Hamer
University of WashingtonHarry Stern
Vexcel CorporationJohn Curlander
Jet Propulsion LaboratoryBen Holt
University of UtahRick Forster
Canadian Ice ServiceDean Flett
Canadian Space AgencyPaul Briand
GIIPSY ParticipantsSatyendra_Bhandari Space Applications Centre (ISRO)
Chris Elfering National Academies
Sheldon Drobot University of Colorado
E Dongchen Wuhan University
Chunxia Zhou Wuhan University
David Long Brigham Young University
Stein Sandven Nansen Centre (NERSC)
Charles Randell PolarView Consortium (C-CORE)
Pablo Clemente-Colon National Ice Centre
Joerg Haarpaintner NORUT
Dirk Geudtner Canadian Space Agency
Mike Demuth Natural Resources Canada
Ola Grabak European Space Agency-ESRIN
Jeff Kargel US Geological Survey
Andrew Flemming British Antarctic Survey
Guoping Li China National Space Administration
Surendra Parashar Canadian Space Agency
Rune Solberg Norwegian Computing Center
Dave Barber U. Manitoba
Rene Forsberg Danish National Space Centre
Jeanne Sauber GSFC
Helmut Rott University of Innsbruck
Ron Kwok JPL
Andrew Flemming BAS
Anne Walker Met. Canada
Dorothy Hall GSFC
Niels Reeh Danish Tech. Univ.
Mark Drinkwater ESA ESTEC (GIIPSY co-lead)
Kenneth Jezek Ohio State University (GIIPSY co-lead)
Ian Joughin Univ. Washington
Leif Toudal Pedersen Danish Technical University
Robert Thomas E.G.&G
Jinro Ukita Chiba University, Japan
Frank Paul University of Zurich
Soren Andersen Danish Meteorological Institute
Valery Vuglinsky St. Petersburg State University
Jerry Brown International Permafrost Association
Claude Duguay University of Waterloo, Canada
Victor Zlotnicki JPL
Roger DeAbreu Canadian Ice Service
GIIPSY Participants
JPLEric Rignot
NOAAPablo Clemente-Colon
USGSEd Josberg
NSFMartin Jeffries
KoreaJ. Kim
U. New HampshireMark Fahnestock
ESAEinar_Arne Herland
ESAHenri Laur
Canadian Ice ServiceDouglas Bancroft
U. ManitobaDave Barber
Canadian Ice ServiceDean Flett
NOAAStan Wilson
Observation Requirements: Ice Sheets Geophysical Variable Intermediate
ProductObservation Interval
Spatial Scale Instrument Type Wavelength Special requirement
Potential System
Temperature IR Radiances Seasonal Entire Ice Sheet
Thermal IR Imager Thermal IR 1 K MODIS
A-ATSR
Ice sheet maps,
Coastline, grounding line
Shear margins
Moderate resolution images
Seasonal Entire Ice Sheet
Visible Imager Visible bands 200 m MODIS
MERIS
Ice Mass Change Gravity Anomaly and Gradients
Seasonal Entire Ice Sheet
Potential Field Sensor N/A GRACE
GOCE
Surface Temperature; Surface melt;
Accumulation rate
Passive Microwave Radiances
Daily Entire Ice Sheet
Scanning Microwave radiometers
L-Ka band AMSR-E
SSMI
SMOS
Surface Albedo
Snow grain size
Visible and IR Reflectance
Seasonal Entire Ice Sheet
Visible/Thermal IR Imager Visible & SWIR bands
Cloud masking MODIS
MERIS
Surface Elevation and Topography
Signal Travel Time Seasonal Entire Ice Sheet
Laser and Radar Altimeters; InSAR
Microwave to optical
10 cm accuracy on elevation change
ICESat
Envisat RA-2
CryoSat
TanDEM X
Coastline, grounding line, Crevasses
High Resolution Imagery
5 year repeat Entire Ice Sheet
SAR
Optical Imager
L, C, X Minimize acquisition duration,
<25 m
Radarsat-2
ALOS
ICEsat
Envisat ASAR
TerraSAR-X
Landsat
ASTER
RISAT
Surface Velocity
Accumulation rate
Complex SAR image pair
5 year repeat Entire Ice Sheet
InSAR C, (L, X?) Minimize acquisition; maximize coherence
Radarsat-2
TerraSAR-X
TandDEM-X
RISAT
Surface Velocity Complex SAR image pair
Seasonal Fast Glaciers InSAR C, (L,X?) Maximize coherence
Radarsat-2
TerraSAR-X
Envisat ASAR
TanDEM-X
ALOS PALSAR
RISAT
Observation Requirements: Sea IceGeophysical Variable
Intermediate Product
Observation Interval
Spatial Scale Instrument Type Wavelength Special requirement
Potential System
Ice Extent
Concentration
Ice Type/Age
Melt Onset
Microwave Radiance
Radar backscatter
Dailly Arctic ocean and marginal seas; Southern Ocean
Microwave Radiometer
L-Ka band AMSR-E
SSMI
QuikScat
ASCAT
SMOS
Oceansat-2 (Scatt)
Surface Temperature
IR Radiance Daily “” IR Imager` IR MODIS
AVHRR
A-ATSR
Ice Motion
Surface Albedo
High and Moderate Resolution Images
Daily “” SAR and Optical Images
L, C, X band
Optical
MODIS
AVHRR
RADARSAT-2
Envisat ASAR
ALOS
TerraSAR-X
RISAT
Leads and ridge distribution;
Melt pond coverage
High Resolution Imagery
Daily “” SAR amd Optical L, C, X band SPOT
LandSAT
ASTER
Envisat
TerraSAR-X
Radarsat-2
ALOS
RISAT
Snow Cover Thickness
Microwave Radiance
Daily “” Microwave Radiometer
C-Ka Band 25 km` AMSR-E
SSM/I
Sea ice biology Visible imagery
Dailry “” Ocean color imager Optical Oceansat-2 OCM
MODIS
Ice thickness from freeboard
Signal travel Time
Daily “” Laser and Radar Altimeters
ICESat
Cryosat
Observation Requirements: High Latitude Seasonal Snow Cover
Geophysical Variable
Intermediate Product
Observation Interval
Spatial Scale Instrument Type Wavelength Special requirement
Potential System
Snow Extent
Snow Thickness
SWE
Microwave and optical radiance
Daily Arctic Wide Microwave Radiometer,
Visible & IR Imager
MODIS
AMSR-E
SSMI
SMOS
Surface Temperature
IR Radiance Daily Arctic Wide IR Radiometer Thermal IR MODIS
A-ATSR
Snow Thickness Range Seasonal Arctic Wide Laser Altimeter Visible ICESat
Surface Albedo Optical reflectance
Seasonal Arctic Wide Visible imager Visible and IR Cloud masking
MERIS
A-ATSR
MODIS
SPOT VGT
Observational Requirements: Glaciers and Ice CapsGeophysical Variable
Intermediate Product
Observation Interval
Spatial Scale Instrument Type Wavelength Special requirement
Potential System
Temperature IR Radiances Seasonal Canadian Arctic; Alaska; Svalbard; Iceland; Eurasian Arctic
Thermal IR Imager
Thermal IR 1 K MODIS
Surface maps, Glacier margins,
Calving snout
Moderate resolution images
Seasonal “” Visible Imager Visible bands 200 m MODIS
LandSAT
ASTER
Surface Temperature; Surface melt;
Accumulation rate
Passive Microwave Radiances
Daily “” Scanning Microwave radiometers
L-Ka band Larger ice caps only
AMSR-E
SSMI
SMOS
Surface Topograpy Signal travel time
Seasonal “” Laser and Radar Altimeters; InSAR
Microwave to optcal
10 cm accuracy
ICESat
CryoSAT
TanDEM X
Crevasses; velocity from feature retracking
Complex SAR image pairs
5 year repeat “” SAR
Multispectral imager
L, C, X, optical Minimize acquisition period,
<25 m
Radarsat-2
ALOS
Envisat
TerraSAR-X
SPOT
ASTER
RISAT
Surface Velocity Complex SAR image pairs
Seasonal “” InSAR C, (L,X?) Maximize coherence
Radarsat-2
TerraSAR-X
Envisat
ALOS
RiSAT
Observation Requirements: Ice and Atmosphere
Geophysical Variable
Intermediate Product
Observation Interval
Spatial Scale Instrument Type Wavelength Special requirement
Potential System
Surface melt
Clouds
Microwave and Optical Radiance
Daily Both Polar Regions
Microwave Radiometer
L-Ka Band AMSR-E
SSMI
SMOS
AVHRR
MODIS
TOVS
AIRS
Precipitation/
Acccumulation
Microwave IR and optiocal Radiance
Microwave backscatter
Daily “” Microwave and optical Radiometer
Scatterometer
L-Ka band
Visible
AMSR-E
AVHRR
NSCAT
AMSU-A
AMSU-b
Snow Fall Amount
Optical Imager
Daily “” Optical Imager Visible MODIS
Albedo Visible and IR Radiance
Daily “” Optical and IR Imager
Visible MODIS
A-ATSR
Wind profiles Optical backscatter
Daily Both Polar Regions
Doppler LIDAR Visible ADM-Aeolus
Tropospheric Wind
Cloud tracking
Optical radiances
Daily Both Polar Regions
Optical Imager MODIS
Anticipated Requirements on Future SystemsSome Examples
Geophysical Variable
Intermediate Product
Observation Interval
Spatial Scale
Possible Instrument Type
Possible Wavelength
Special requirement
Potential System
Ice Sheet Thickness and basal conditions
Signal travel time
5 years Ice Sheet Radar P-band 20 m accuracy
GISMO
Glacier Thickness
Signal travel time
5 years Arctic Glaciers
Radar P-band 20 m accuracy
GISMO
Sea ice snow cover thickness
Signal travel time
Weekly Ice covered waters
Radar Ultrawide band 5 cm accuracy
TBD
Englacial Layers Signal travel time
5 Years Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Radar Ultrawide band Few meters TBD
Permafrost type and extent
TBD Seasonal Arctic Wide TBD TBD TBD TBD
Ice Motion SAR SLC Annual to 5 year
Polar wide SAR C (L,X) 8 day repeat or shorter, 200 m baselines or less, L/R look
TBD
Geophysical Variable
Intermediate Product
Observation Interval
Spatial Scale
Possible Instrument Type
Possible Wavelength
Special requirement
Potential System
Lake Ice Thickness
6-10 GHz Brightness Temp
Seasonal Large Lakes Radiometer 6-10 GHz AMSR
Ice Sheet internal temperature
Microwave radiance
Annual Ice sheet wide
Radiometer as sounder
L-band 10 m accuracy SMOS
Anticipated New Applications of Existing Systems