SP3 Grammar Book

Sol Shepherd

Table of ContentsPreterite- pg 3

Trigger words- pg 4

-Car, -gar, -zar- pg 5

Spock- pg 6

Cucaracha- pg 7

Snake- pg 8

Snakeys- pg 9

Imperfect- pg 10

Trigger Words- pg 11

Irregulars- pg 12

Preterite vs. Imperfect- pg 13

Ser vs. Estar- pg 14

Verbs Like Gustar- pg 15

Compartive/ Superlative- pg 16

Transition words- pg 17

Future- pg 18

Trigger Words- pg 19

Irregulars- pg 20

Por- pg 21

Para- pg 22

Demonstrative adjectives- pg 23

Demonstrative pronouns- pg 24

PreteritePreterite is used with:

Past actions that are completed

Actions viewed as a single event

Actions repeated a specific number of times; occurred during a specific time period

Actions part of a chain of events

To state the beginning or end of an action

Ar: Er/Ir:

Trigger Words (Preterite)Ayer- yesterday

Anoche- last night

El año pasado- last year

La semana pasada- last week

Anteayer- day before yesterday

Car, Gar, ZarCar Gar Zar

-qué -gué -cé

-casté -gasté -zasté

-có -gó -zó

-camos -gamos -zamos

-caron -garon -zaron

SpockHacer:

hice hicimoshicistehizo hicieron

Ir/Ser:fui

fuimosfuistefue fueron

Dar/Ver:di vidiste vistedio

viodimos vimosdieron vieron

Cucaracha

-é-iste-ó-imos-ieron

Andar- anduv-Estar- estuv-Poder- pud-Poner- pus-Querrer- quis-Saber- sup- Tener- tuv-Venir- vin-Decir- dij-Traer- traj-Conducir- conduj-Traducir- traduj-Producir- produj-

SnakeStem changers in the usted

e > I

Pedir-pide/piden

Preferir- prefire/prefiren

Competir- compite/compiten

Repetir- repite/repiten

Servir- sirve/sirven

Sentir- sinte/sinten

o>u

Dormir- durme/durmen

Morir- mure/muren

Snakey

Stem changes in 3rd person

Y

Leer, Creer, Oir

-Í -ímos

-Í -ístes

-yo -yero

ImperfectActions not seen as completed

Ar: Er:

aba ía

abas ías

aba ía

ábamos íamos

abais íais

aban ían

-actions that “set the stage” for another past actiontions repeated habitually-telling time-stating one’s age-mental states (usually)-physical states (usually)-describe characteristics of people, things or conditions

Trigger Words (Imperfect)Todos los dias- everyday

Cada mes- every month

Siempre- always

Nunca- never

A veces- sometimes

Muchas veces- many times

Frecuentemente- frequently

A menudo- often

Todo el tiempo- all the time

Irregular (Imperfect)Ir Ser Ver

Iba -era -vía

Ibas -eras -vías

Iba -era -vía

Íbamos -éramos -víamos

Iban -eran -vían

Preterite vs. ImperfectPreterite

Actions that can be viewed as a single event

Actions that were repeated a specific number of times

Actions that occurred during a specific period of time

Actions that were part of a chain of events

To state the beginning or en of an action

Imperfect

Actions that were repeated habitually

Actions that “set the stage” for another past action

For telling time

Stating one’s age

Mental states (usually)

Physical sensations (usually)

To describe the characteristics of people, things or conditions

Ser vs. EstarSer

D- descriptions

O- occupation

C- characteristics

T- time

O- origin

R- relationship

P- possession

E- events

D- dates

Estar

H- health

E- emotions

L- location

P- present condition

I-

N- ar=ando

G- er=endo

Verbs Like GustarAburir, Encantar, Faltar, Fascinar, Importar, Interesar, Molestar, Quedar, Caer bien/mal, Doler, Disgustar, Hacer, Preocupar, Sorprender, Apetecer

When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the invinitive; singular form is used

Often used in the conditional (me gustaría) to soften a request

Would ía íamos

Should ías

Could ía ían

Compartive/SuperlativeMas … que/ menos… que/ tan… como

Para decir “more than” o “less than” con números se usa más de or menos de

Irregulares:

Bueno- mejor

Malo- peor

Viejo- mayor

Joven- menor

Transition WordsAunque- even though

También- also

Mientras- while

A pesar de- inspite of

Pero- but

Por lo tanto- therefore

Sin embargo/ no obstante- nevertheless

FutureYo- infinitive + é

Tú- infintive + ás

El/ella/usted- infinitive + á

Nosotros- infinitive + emos

Vosotros- infinitive + éis

Ellos/ellas/ustedes- infinitve + án

Estudiar +

É

Ás

Á

Emos

Éis

Án

Trigger Words (Future)El proximo día

El proximo semana

Mañana

El proximo año

El proximo hora

Irregular (Future)Decir- Dir

Hacer- Har

Poner- Pondr

Salir- Saldr

Tener- Tendr

Valer- Valdr

Venir- Vendr

Poder- Podr

Querrer- Querr

Saber- Sabr

Caber- Cabr

Haber- Habr

É

Ás

Á

Emos

Éis

Án

PorPassing through… PORtal

General rather than specific location… PORtugal

How long something lasts…. PORever

The cause of something… PORpuse

An exchange… exPORt/imPORt

Doing something in place of or instead of someone else… I’m POR, pay for me

A means of transportation… transPORtation

ParaFor whom something is done… surprise PARAty

Destination… PARAguay

The purpose for which something is done

To express an opinion… PARAdon me, but

To contrast or compare

To express idea of deadline… PARAmedic

Demonstrative AdjectivesMasculin Plural Feminine Plural

Estos (these) Estas (these)

Esos (those) Esas (those)

Aquellos (those) Aquellas (those)

Masculine Singular Feminine Singular

Este (this) Esta (this)

Ese (that) Esa (that)

Aquel (that) Aquella (that)

Demonstrative PronounsMasculine Feminine Neuter

Singular

Éste (this) Ésta Esto

Ése (that) Ésa Eso

Aquél (that) Aquélla Aquello

Plural

Éstos (these)Éstas

Ésos (those) Ésas None

Aquéllos (those) Aquéllas