SP2 – Results from research on anaerobic digestion

Tormod Briseid

CenBio Days 2015, 17. March 2015, Hell Hotel, Værnes

From biomass to biogas, Ås 9.- 10. December 2009

8. October 2014 the Ministry of Climate and Environment presented a new Norwegian strategy for biogas. The objective is to stimulate the production of biogas from different substrates by: • Research and development • Ways to increase production

and use of biogas • Ways to increase the amounts

of raw materials/substrates • Ways to secure exchange of

information

A new Norwegian biogas strategy

CenBio was in front!

CenBio has been important in establishing a new biogas laboratory

This is from the opening of the laboratory with the Minister of Agriculture and Food at that time, Lars Peder Brekk, 26. of January 2012.

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WP 2.4 - Anaerobic digestion

Feedstocks – broadening feedstock spectrum, mixing of substrates to increased gas production and fertilizer quality

Digestion – Increase digestability of organic materials, especially by means of thermic and enzymatic pretreatment of biomass

Digestate – Develop technologies to reduce liquid volume, combined by increased fertilizer concentration

We have done a lot of different experiments where we screen for optimal pretreatment techniques. Several of the substrates tested contain high amounts of lignocellulose. Other substrates are rich in proteins and easily degraded organic materials, like fish waste.

Pretreatment of substrates

Pretreatment – Steam explosion Salix / Pil

050

100150200250300350400450

mL

biog

as g

-1 V

S

Treatment temperature ⁰C and time (min)

Methane from cellulose

Methane production (LgVS-1day-1) from fish waste silage (FWS) in co-digestion with cow manure in 2 different cultures

3% FWS

6% FWS

13% FWS

19% FWS

R1 Culture 1 (FWS)

R2 Culture 2 (FWS)

RS Cow manure (Blank)

Substrates

Fatty acids concentrations

Methane production

Methane production at high ammonium concentration

A farm biogas plant at Åna, Rogaland. Cow manure and fish ensilage as substrates

We measured the energy balanse at this biogas plant for one year.

The added substrates might be absolutely necessary for the economy of the biogas plant (Produced and used energy, small farm biogas plant)

Ukenummer – år 2009 - 2011

Fish ensilage added to cow manure

Fish ensilage not added

Microbiology

The biogas process is almost like a spider’s web of different catalytic reactions. They all depend on each other. If one stops up, high concetrations of reactants will be the result.

The microbiology might be very different in different biogas plants

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

90 %

100 %

Sep Oct Nov Dec Feb Mar

Relative abundance at phylum level

p__Acidobacteria

p__NKB19

p__Proteobacteria

p__WWE1

p__Nitrospirae

p__WPS-2

p__Fibrobacteres

p__OP11

p__Actinobacteria

p__OP9

p__Chloroflexi

p__Euryarchaeota

p__Tenericutes

unclassified

p__Synergistetes

0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %

100 %

Sep Oct Nov Dec Feb

Relative abundance of Archaeal groups

Euryarchaeota.MethanomassiliicoccusEuryarchaeota.MethanospirillumEuryarchaeota.MethanobacteriumEuryarchaeota.unclassified

Euryarchaeota.MethanoculleusEuryarchaeota.MethanosaetaEuryarchaeota.Methanosarcina

The microbiology changes as a result of selection (results from Romerike biogas plant, Nes)

Lyng, K.A., Modahl, I.S., Møller, H., Morken, J., and Hanssen, O.J. (2015) The BioValueChain model: a Norwegian model for calculating environmental impacts of biogas value chains. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess, DOI 10.1007/s11367-015-0851-5. Agger, J. W., Nilsen, P. J., Eijsink, V. G. H. and Horn, S. J. 2014. On the Determination of Water Content in Biomass Processing. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 7 (1): 442 - 449 Bauer, A., Lizasoain, J., Theuretzbacher, F., Agger, J. W., Rincon, M., Menardo, S., Saylor, M. K., Enguidanos, R., Nielsen, P. J., Potthast, A., Zweckmair, T., Gronauer, A. and Horn, S. J. 2014. Steam explosion pretreatment for enhancing biogas production of late harvested hay. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 166: 403-410 Estevez, M. M., Sapci, Z., Linjordet, R., Schnurer, A. and Morken, J. 2014. Semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and steam-exploded Salix with recirculation of liquid digestate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 136: 9 - 15 Estevez, M. M., Sapci, Z., Linjordet, R. and Morken, J. 2014 Incorporation of fish by-product into the semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of pre-treated lignocellulose and cow manure, with recovery of digestate's nutrients. RENEWABLE ENERGY 66: 550-558 Fjortoft, K., Morken, J., Hanssen, J. F. and Briseid, T. 2014. Methane production and energy evaluation of a farm scaled biogas plant in cold climate area. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 169: 72-79 Froseth, R. B., Bakken, A. K., Bleken, M. A., Riley, H., Pommeresche, R.,Thorup-Kristensen, K. and Hansen, S. 2014. Effects of green manure herbage management and its digestate from biogas production on barley yield, N recovery, soil structure and earthworm populations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY 52 (B): 90 - 102 Hagen, L. H., Vivekanand, V., Linjordet, R., Pope, P. B., Eijsink, V. G. H. and Horn, S. J. 2014. Microbial community structure and dynamics during co-digestion of whey permeate and cow manure in continuous stirred tank reactor systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 171: 350-359

Biogas publications 2011 -

Koester, J. R., Dittert, K., Muhling, K. H., Kage, H. and Pacholski, A. 2014.Cold season ammonia emissions from land spreading with anaerobic digestates from biogas production (vol 84, pg 35, 2014). ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 90: 149-149 Ryden, P., Gautier, A., Wellner, N., Tapp, H. S., Horn, S. J., Eijsink, V. G. H., and Waldron, K. W. 2014. Changes in the composition of the main polysaccharide groups of oil seed rape straw following steam explosion and saccharification BIOMASS & BIOENERGY 61: 121-130 Sapci, Z. and Morken, J. 2014. The effect of algae species on biodiesel and biogas production observed by using a data model combines algae cultivation with an anaerobic digestion (ACAD) and a biodiesel process. ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 79: 519 - 524 Solli, L., Bergersen, O., Sørheim, R. and Briseid, T. 2014 Effects of a gradually increased load of fish waste silage in co-digestion with cow manure on methane production. WASTE MANAGEMENT 34 (8): 1553-1559 Solli, L., Havelsrud, O. E., Horn, S. J. and Rike, A. G. 2014. A metagenomic study of the microbial communities in four parallel biogas reactors. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 14: Article 146 Vivekanand, V., Olsen, E. F., Eijsink, V. G. H. and Horn, S. J. 2014. Methane Potential and Enzymatic Saccharification of Steam-exploded Bagasse. BIORESOURCES 9 (1): 1311 - 1324 Grimsby, L. K., Fjortoft, K. and Aune, J. B. 2013. Nitrogen mineralization and energy from anaerobic digestion of jatropha press cake ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 17 (1): 35 - 39 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2012.10.009 Morken, J. & Sapci, Z. 2013. Evaluating biogas in Norway - bioenergy and greenhouse gas reduction potentials. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 15, (2): 148-160. Morken, J. & Sapci, Z. 2013. Importance of Manure Management. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 1: 753-758. Morken, J., Sapci, Z. and Stromme, J. E. T. 2013. Modeling of biodiesel production in algae cultivation with anaerobic digestion (ACAD) ENERGY POLICY 60: 98-105 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.081 Pope, Phil; Vivekanand, Vivekanand; Eijsink, Vincent; Horn, Svein Jarle 2013.Microbial community structure in a biogas digester utilizing the marine energy crop Saccharina latissima.. 3 Biotech 3: 407 - 414, DOI 10.1007/s13205-012-0097-x Risberg, K., Sun, Li., Leven, L., Horn, S. J. and Schnürer, A. 2013. Biogas production from wheat straw and manure–Impact of pretreatment and process operating parameters. Bioresource Technology 2013 149: 232-237

Sapci, Z., Morken, J. and Linjordet, R. 2013. An Investigation of the Enhancement of Biogas Yields from Lignocellulosic Material using Two Pretreatment Methods: Microwave Irradiation and Steam Explosion. BIORESOURCES 8 (2): 1976 - 1985 Sapci, Z. 2013.The effect of microwave pretreatment on biogas production from agricultural straws BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 128: 487-494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.094 Vivekanand V, Olsen E. F., Eijsink V. G. and Horn S. J. 2013..Effect of different steam explosion conditions on methane potential and enzymatic saccharification of birch. Bioresour Technol.127:343-349 Estevez, M.M., Linjordet, R. and Morken, J. 2012. Effects of steam explosion and co-digestion in the methane production from Salix by mesophilic batch assays. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY104: 749-756. Pope, Phil; Vivekanand, Vivekanand; Eijsink, Vincent; Horn, Svein Jarle 2012.Microbial community structure in a biogas digester utilizing the marine energy crop Saccharina latissima. Biotech, DOI 10.1007/s13205-012-0097 Vivekanand, V., Eijsink, V. G. H., and Horn; S. J. 2012. Biogas production from the brown seaweed Saccharina latissima: steam explosion pretreatment and co-digestion with wheat straw; Appl. Phycology, Volume: 24 Issue: 5 Pages: 1295-130 Vivekanand, V., Ryden, P., Horn, S. J.,Tapp, H. S., Wellner, N., Eijsink, V. G. H. and Waldron, K. W. 2012. Impact of steam explosion on biogas production from rape straw in relation to changes in chemical composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY123: 608-615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.088 Estevez, Maria M., Linjordet, R, and Morken. J. 2011. Effects of steam explosion and co-digestion in the methane production from Salix by mesophilic batch assays. Bioresource Technology. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.017 Haraldsen, T.K., Andersen, U., Krogstad, T. and Sørheim, R. 2011. Liquid digestate from anaerobic treatment of source separated household waste as fertilizer to barley. Waste Management & Research 29(12): 1271 - 1277 Horn, S.J., Estevez, M.M., Nielsen, H.K., Linjordet, R. and Eijsink, V.G.H. 2011. Biogas production and saccharification of Salix pretreated at different steam explosion conditions. Bioresource Technology 102 (2011) 7932–7936 ( doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.042) Ward, A.J. and Løes, A.K. 2011. The potential of fish and fish oil waste for bioenergy generation: Norway and beyond. Biofuels 2(4), 375-387

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We want to thank all who have contributed to this work and the results, both industrial partners,

scientists, students and the Research Council of Norway

Thank You!