PowerPoint Presentation

SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION ARBIND KUMAR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IRT-PMC

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Objectives:

To know what are the various sources of drug information.

To select the appropriate source depending on the information.

To discuss briefly the role of electronic media in medicine.

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1. Pharmacopoeias:It is an official code containing a selected list of established drugs and medicinal preparations with descriptions of their physical properties and tests for their identity, purity and potency.

The different Pharmacopoeias are:Indian pharmacopoeia, British pharmacopoeia, European pharmacopoeia, US pharmacopoeia and International pharmacopoeia.

an official publication containing a list of medicinal drugs with their effects and directions for their use.a stock of medicinal drugs.

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2. Drug formulary:This includes notes on drugs and preparations used in the treatment of diseases and conditions and provide information to Doctors, Pharmacists, and Nurses etc, to facilitate the selection of suitable treatment. This is a pocket book meant for rapid reference. E.g National Formulary of India.

Adrug formularyis alistof prescriptiondrugs, both generic and brand name, used by practitioners to identifydrugsthat offer the greatest overall value. A committee of physicians, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists maintain theformulary4

3. Materia Medica:It is a reference book containing the origin, constituents, actions, indications and preparations of drugs. It also gives the doses and their mode of administration. E.g.: Indian Materia Medica by Dr. K. M. Nadkarni and revised and enlarged by A. K. Nadkarni.

4. Text books in Pharmacology:The textbook give standard information about drugs and their rational application in therapeutics. Students can gather basic knowledge from textbooks. Some pharmacology text books are a) Essentials of Medical Pharmacology- 6th edition KD Tripathi b) Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics - revised 21' edition by RS Sathoskar, SD Bhandarkar and Nirmala N. Rege c) Basic and Clinical Pharmacology I 1th edition by Betram G Katzung d) Clinical Pharmacology - 9th edition Bennet & MJ Brown e) Pharmacology 6th edition by Range & Dale 5. Journals: These give details about Clinical Trails involving new molecules and recent developments in Pharmacology.

6. Bulletins:This is an independent journal having articles from various well known authors.

7. Monographs:This is a discourse on a single topic/ it gives details about a single topic or about a particular drug.

8. Patient Package Insert:Label should comply with the requirements established under "Good Manufacturing Practice" and also with the official National Labeling instructions.

Qus: Write down the relevant, specific information, definition and its significance gathered from the patient package insert provided.

Generic name: It is officially accepted name. It is important as it is followed world overaccepted by scientific body. Trade name: Name given by manufacturer or company that produces the drug

An example of a generic drug, one used for diabetes, ismetformin. A brand name formetforminisGlucophage. (Brand names are usually capitalized while generic names are not.) A generic drug, one used for hypertension, is metoprolol, whereas a brand name for the same drug is10

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Composition:Represents chemical ingredients. Helps to know the active principle and the toxic component.

Indications:The conditions which demands the usage of the drug. Used only for these conditions help to control hazardous use

a sign or piece of information that indicates something.Inmedicine, a condition which makes a particular treatment or procedure advisable. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) is anindicationfor the use of Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). 2. A sign or a circumstance which points to or shows the cause, pathology, treatment, or outcome of an attack of disease13

Dosage form, average Dose and the mode of Administration:Helps to know the route of administration and extend of administration.

Quantity single unit And Total number / Quantity In the pack Provided:Quantity per single unit, number per pack and quantity per pack.

Price -MRP not to exceed (Price is meant for patient compliance)

Contraindications:Conditions where the drug should not be used. Helps to prevent drug toxicity like do not use in eyes or do not use in those persons hypersensitive to iodine or other ingredients of the preparation.

Acontraindicationis a specific situation in which adrug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. There are two types ofcontraindications: Relativecontraindicationmeans that caution should be used when twodrugsor procedures are used together.17

Side effects:Helps to be aware of complication and to mask the complication. Stop use if rash or other allergic reaction develops.

Common Side Effects. Possibly the most common side effects of any prescription drug are gastrointestinal issues, includingnausea,constipationanddiarrhea, because most drugs go through the digestive system to be absorbed. Other common aftereffects includedrowsiness,painand skin reactions.18

Interactions:To avoid complications and other adverse effects by interacting with other drugs or chemicals

Warning:For maintaining potency of drug; or be sold on retail only on prescription of medical practitioner. Carcinogenic in mice and hence unnecessary use should be avoided

Storage and special Instructions on handling: In order to maintain the viability or potency of drug store in cool place, shake well before use, protect from light.

Shelf life/date of Expiry:The time for which the drug potency lasts or helps to prevent harmful effects. Date of manufacture and expiry gives the shelf life of the medication.

Batch number Assigned by the manufacturer:To identify the lot of drug preparation helps to localize the preparation which has been found to have harmful effects.

Name of the Manufacturer:To contact in need of any information regarding the medication.

Additional information:

Includes details like Reg.No: License No: etc.