Analyze a primary source as “a window onto the past.” What does it tell us about its world?

About the people who created or utilized or responded to it? How does your knowledge of

its historical context help you understand what it meant in its original setting?

Source Analysis Paper

Getting started (1)

In Assignments, read the instructions and grading rubric for the Source Analysis Paper.

In Lessons > Guides & Reviews, look at the sample papers from previous semesters.

Grading rubric:

Points Rubric

10 Mechanics: grammar, spelling, word count (at least 600 words)

20 Style: organization, clarity, persuasiveness

20 Context

20 Quotation, paraphrase, or description

70

Identify the source’s background and

surroundings. Who created it? When? Why? How? What ideas or events or

realities shaped its function or meaning in its day?

Choose some interesting quotes, details, or features of the source. Discuss their meaning. What do they show us about how people thought or acted in that day? How does it connect to a particular aspect of

context?

• a letter from a soldier in the Napoleonic Wars

• the Edict of Nantes

• Martin Luther

• the French Revolution

• Hobbes, Leviathan

• an internet article about the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

• your textbook The West

• Find a primary source from the colonial period of US history (up to c. 1780).– What is a primary source?

• Something from the time period– It can be textual, like a letter, book, speech, poem, song, legal record.– Or it can be physical, like a musket, teapot, shoe.– Or it could be visual, like a painting, flag, cartoon, architectural plan.

• Examples: YES: a primary source

Getting started (2)

YES: a primary source

NO: this is a topic, not a source

NO: a secondary source

YES: a primary source

NO: a secondary source

NO: this is a topic, not a source

• Where to find primary sources:– Lessons > HIST-5 Primary Source Anthology– Resources > Useful websites for HIST-5

• The best site for primary source texts is probably the Fordham Modern History Sourcebook.

– Lectures • Ask me about a primary source quote or image from lecture if you’d like to use it for your

Source Analysis paper. I’ll tell you where to find information about it.

• Choose a source that’s interesting to you.

Getting started (3)

• Do some basic research about the context of your source.– Basic context: when, where, who, why, how?– Deeper layers of context: What cultural, political, economic, material etc. situations would have

impacted the source’s meaning or function at that time? Maybe only one of these contexts is meaningful for your source. Maybe all of them. It will be different for each source.

– Beware of online “information”• Only trust websites when you know that author is trustworthy and knowledgeable. • There is a truly astonishing amount of disinformation on the internet. Beware. Be judgmental, elitist,

untrusting, snooty, mean people when you do internet research. There’s no point in learning information that’s wrong. No point at all. Waste of brain space.

– Take notes as you research and start writing the paper.

• Focus on analyzing the source itself, not on research– This paper should center on historical criticism, not research. Do not spend too much time

researching. Delve right into the source itself. I want to hear your own views and analysis as you explore the source as a window onto the past.

– Look at the details! Engaging with details of diction, style, symbolism, etc. usually produces a rich analysis and helps you get started quickly. (writer’s block cure)

– If you quote something word for word, use quotation marks and cite the source of the quote. Otherwise , in this paper you do not need to cite the sources.

Getting started (4)

Checklist

• Identify your source and its basic context– What is it? Who created it? When? Where? How? Why?

• Historical criticism– Use the source as a window onto the past. What does the source show us

about the way people lived and thought in its day? – Use your knowledge of the source’s context help you understand what it

originally meant for the people who created it and perceived it in that time period. What political, religious, cultural, economic, etc. ideas or realities would have influenced their understanding of the source?

– This should be the focus of your paper. Do not spend too much time reporting information. Focus on analyzing the source itself.

• Quote, paraphrase, or describe– Refer to some key features in the source (such as specific sentences, details,

word choice, symbolism, theme, etc.). Analyze how these features reflect the outlook of the people who created or reacted to the source in its original setting. How would people have reacted to or interpreted them at that time?

– Discuss the author or artist’s ideological paradigms: what does he assume to be good or evil, possible or impossible, true or false? What does he/she seem to assume about his audience’s outlook, about their fears or desires or ideological assumptions?

– Quote economically• Always match the quotation/paraphrase/description with analysis/discussion. Use your

quote! Don’t just leave it hanging there.

Checklist

Stuck?

Get unstuck by following these simple steps:

Step 1Stop researching. Just

stop. Stop staring at the screen and clicking.

Step 3Read your source all the way through. Underline or jot down details or

quotes you find interesting or which remind you of something about the source’s context. You can do this if your source is non-textual too.

Step 2Start typing. Don’t worry about grammar or style or sounding brilliant. Write 1 paragraph

identifying the source (What is it?) and its basic context (Who made it? Why? When?

How? Where?).

Step 5Take a break.

Step 7Proofread (please, oh please). Check the grading rubric. Submit.

Step 6Add detail and nuance to what you’ve already written. Explore deeper layers of context. Go back to the source and look closely at detail

such as diction, style, symbolism, tone. Maybe add a small ending paragraph of conclusions

and reflections.

Step 4Write a couple of sentences

about each interesting item you found. Explain why they’re

interesting. Suggest what they might have meant to the people who saw or created the source in its day. What do they tell us about

the people’s experiences and outlooks?

Good luck!

Please send me a note in Messages if you have any questions about a

primary source or the paper. Send me a rough draft if you’d like. I’m very happy

to give feedback.