sound activated intercom docu

7/25/2019 Sound Activated Intercom Docu

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Technological Institute of the Philippines

938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Queon Cit!

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING PROGRAM

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Completion of ECE4!

"ound Activated Interco#

"ub#itted B!$

Al"are#$ Ganimi% &r' (

(u)ha$ Christian T'

I*lesias$ &ames Theo%or E'

Itum$ &onathan P'

Ra#on$ &an &oe"il A'

+al%ellon$ Mi*uel Antonio G'

"ub#itted To$

En*r' Samuel P' Ma,anta

%ate "ub#itted$

Mar)h -.$ !-/


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TAB&' () C(*T'*T"

Pro0e)t (es)ription1111111111111111111111111111111''2

Spe)ifi)ations1111111111111111111111'11111111111''4

S)hemati)s1111111111111111111111111111'111111''3

ill of Materials1111111111111111111111111111''1111''5

(esi*n Cal)ulations11111111111111111111111111''1111''.

Test Results111111111111111111111111111111 1'11--

Photos of the A)tual Protot6pe11111'111111111111111''''''1111-!

Lesson Learne%11111111111111111111111111'111111-2

Con)lusion111111111111111111111111111111''1111-2

Re)ommen%ation1111111111111111111111111'''11111'''-4


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P+('CT %'"C+IPTI(*

7ith the tren% of te)hnolo*6 to%a6$ a lot of 8or9 8as ma%e easier for a human ,ein* to %o in his

e"er6%a6 life' The Soun% A)ti"ate% Inter)om is simpl6 an AC s8it)h %esi*ne% to respon% to hi*h frequen)6

au%io si*nals *enerate% ,6 han% )laps' This )ir)uit 8ill ,e ,enefi)ial to %isa,le% people an% e"en to normal

people 8ho 8ants to ha"e easier manipulation on turnin* off:on of an6 %e"i)e or applian)e that is po8ere%

,6 AC "olta*e thus 8e use% it to po8er an Inter)om that )an ,e use%'

The soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h that 8e use% is )alle% the Clap S8it)h an% 8as first 9no8n as the

Clapper an% 8as in"ente% ,6 Ro,ert E' Clapper$ Sr' an% Ri)har% &' Piron* an% first sol% to the pu,li) on

Septem,er -$ -.;/ at San Fran)is)o$ California' This %e"i)e is operate% easil6< all 6ou nee% to %o is to )lap

t8i)e' The mi)rophone )on%enser is the ele)troni) )omponent use% for pi)9in* up the )lap soun% 8hi)h 8ill

a)ti"ate the )ir)uit' This ele)troni) )omponent is not onl6 use% to pi)9 up the )lap soun% ,ut also the soun%

of )ou*h$ 9no)9$ an% man6 more'

The )ir)uit of the soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h uses a C(4-2 =CMOS (ual ( flip>flops?$ 8hi)h is a ,asi)

%esi*n for sequential )ir)uits$ %i*ital s6stems 8hose output states )han*es 8ith time' It %oes for the

Clapper Cir)uit 8hat the NAN( *ate %oes for lo*i) s6stems an% 8hat the Operational Amplifier =Op>Amp?

%oes for amplifiers' Thus$ it sho8s the appli)ation of an Op>Amp as a ,ista,le =flip>flop? that )an store state

information'

A flip>flop )an ,e ma%e to )han*e state ,6 si*nals applie% to one or more )ontrol inputs an% 8ill

ha"e one or t8o outputs' Flip>flops are fun%amental ,uil%in* ,lo)9s of %i*ital ele)troni)s s6stems' One of


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their )hief appli)ations is in storin* %ata an% as su)h it is use% in the soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h of the

inter)om'

The )lap soun% sense% ,6 )on%enser mi)rophone %epen%s upon the sensiti"it6 of the trimmer$ the

intensit6 of the soun% pro%u)e% ,6 )lappin* an% the %istan)e a8a6 from the protot6pe' E"entuall6$ ,6

ha"in* a hi*her sensiti"it6$ the Clap S8it)h )an also re)o*ni#e other soun% "i,ration'

The soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h )an fun)tion properl6 ,6 respon%in* to ,oth han% )laps a,out three to

fi"e meter a8a6 an% fin*er tap soun% at "er6 )lose ran*e' This is "er6 useful in the fiel% of ele)troni)

)ir)uits an% ,6 usin* mo%ifi)ation its area of appli)ation )an ,e e@ten%e% in "arious fiel%s' 6 appl6in* it to

our pro0e)t$ Soun% A)ti"ate% Inter)om$ it )an ,e effi)ient an% useful to a %isa,le% person or other people

that uses the inter)om un%er an6 )ir)umstan)e'

The soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h is use% to po8er up the inter)om that results this pro0e)t$ Soun%

A)ti"ate% Inter)om' This pro0e)t uses the appli)ation of )on)epts from po8er supplies to amplifiers an%

appli)ation of op>amp ICs' 7e use% a soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h$ -!+ (C po8er suppl6$ / 8atts amplifier an%

the inter)om to ha"e a Soun% a)ti"ate% Inter)om that )an ,e "er6 useful in our li"es'

"P'CI)ICATI(*"

The pro0e)t has the follo8in* spe)ifi)ations

The input suppl6 of the soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h is !!+ AC an% the output suppl6 is also' !!+ AC

The main (C line of the soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h is ran*in* from -!>-4+'

The soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h )an re)ei"e the si*nal =,6 )lap? up to 3 meters

The po8er suppl6 of the inter)om has an input of !!+ AC an% has an output of -!+ (C'


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The amplifier for the inter)om is /8atts for lou%er an% au%i,le transmission of soun%'

The %istan)e the inter)om )an transmit au%i,le soun% from master to sla"e is -3 meters'

"C-'ATIC"

In this se)tion$ 6ou )an see ho8 the *roup %esi*ne% the pro0e)t an% the s)hemati) %ia*ram use% in

the Soun% A)ti"ate% Inter)om mainl6$ the' 7e )an see ho8 the )omponents are inter)onne)te% to*ether to

pro%u)e the %esire% results of the pro0e)t'

SOUND

ACTIVATED


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The Schematic Diagram for the Sound Activated

Circuit


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thusiasts#69(Alexan)

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BI&& () AT'+IA&"

This se)tion sho8s a list of all the nee%e% )omponents for this pro0e)t 8ith ,rief %es)riptions an%

spe)ifi)ations of ea)h )omponent to *i"e the rea%er a ,roa% o"er"ie8 of the materials use% to )reate the

Soun% A)ti"ate% Inter)om' The list also in)lu%es the quantities an% )ost of ea)h pro%u)t to pro"i%e an

e)onomi) anal6sis of the pro0e)t'

"ound Activated "/itch

Co#ponents%esignation

%escription *o. of Ite#s Price

(-$ (!$ (2 -N4- 3+ -ARe)tifier (io%es

2 p)s' P2'

(4 -N3!4 -+ Bener%io%e

- p)' P3'

IC- LM333 Timer IC orequi"alent

- p)' P-3'

IC! C(4-2 (ual ( Flip>Flop

- p)' P/'

D2 .-2 NPN ';AAu%io Output

transistor

- p)' P-3'

D-$D! .-4 NPN ';A(ri"er transistor

! p)s' P4'

LE(-$ LE(! 2>mm LE( an6 )olor ! p)s P-'

R- - 9ilo ohms 8att - p)' P'3

R!$R2 /'; 9ilo ohms 8att ! p)s' P-'

R4 ;! ohms 8att - p)' P'3

R3$R/ - 9ilo ohm 8att ! p)s' P-'

R5$R; - me*a ohm 8att ! p)s' P-'

R. -3 9ilo ohms 8att - p)' P'3

R- !'! me*a ohms 8att

- p)' P'3

R-- ->9ilo ohms

trimmer

- p)' P-3'

R-! 3'- 9ilo ohms 8att ! p)s' P-'

R-2 2'2 9ilo ohms 8att - p)' P'3

R-4 22 ohms 8att - p)' P'3

C-$C! '- F )erami) ! p)s' P4'

C2 45 F : -/+

ele)trol6ti)

- p)' P3'


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C4 - F :-/+ - p)' P-3'

C3 '- F

)erami)

- p)' P4'

C/ '! F )erami) - p)' P4'

C5 -3 pf )erami) - p)' P4'

C;$C. '- F )erami) ! p)s' P4'

C- !'! F : -/+

ele)trol6ti)

- p)' P3'

MIC' EM>; - p)' P-3'

- RELA - =-!+:3A? - p)' P/3'

AC plu* AC )or% 8ith plu* - p)' P!3

AC so)9et AC so)9et 8ithmountin* s)re8s

- p)' P!

T- !!+: .+CT 53 mATransformer - p)' P-!3

Interco#

R- !5 9ilo ohms 8att - p)' P'3

R! !5 9ilo ohms 8att - p)' P'3

P- ->9ilo ohms trimmer - p)' P-3'

P! 3>9ilo ohms trimmer - p)' P-3'

C- - F : -/+

ele)trol6ti)

- p)' P3'

C! !! F : -/+

ele)trol6ti)

- p)' P3'

C2 - F : -/+

ele)trol6ti)

- p)' P3'

C4 '45 F )erami) - p)' P4'

IC- LM2;/ - p)' P-3'

T- C34; - p)' P-'

Total$ P039.11

%'"I2* CA&C&ATI(*"


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The soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h )an ,asi)all6 ,e %es)ri,e% as a lo8 frequen)6 soun% pulse a)ti"ate%

s8it)h that is free from false tri**erin*' The output state of the s8it)hin* %e"i)e )ir)uit )an onl6 )han*e$

8hen the )ir)uit re)ei"es t8o )laps 8ithin a time perio% that 8ill ,e %etermine% ,6 the RC )omponent "alue

in the )ir)uit' The trans%u)er =mi)rophone? is )onne)te% to an amplifier su,>)ir)uit 8hi)h is )onne)te% to

timer ICs ' These timer ICs are 8ire% as monosta,le multi "i,rators an% their output is use% to %ri"e a

%e)a%e )ounter IC that is 8ire% as ,i>sta,le to %ri"e the rela6'

efore it is usa,le$ the si*nal must ,e amplifie%$ usuall6 to line le"el$ 8ith a t6pi)al "alue of "olta*e

8ithin '3 H ! "olts$ 8hi)h is stron*er an% more ro,ust si*nal' The line le"el is the stan%ar% si*nal stren*th

use% ,6 au%io pro)essin* equipment an% 8as also use% in this )ir)uit'

The ,ipolar NPN transistors use% in this %esi*n are ,asi)all6 use% as s8it)h$ to tri**er the rela6

an% as amplifier to ,oost the mi) le"el to line le"el' 7hen a transistor is use% as s8it)h$ it must ,e either

OFF or full6 ON' In the full6 ON state$ the "olta*e +CE a)ross the transistor is almost #ero an% the

transistor is sai% to ,e saturate% ,e)ause it )annot pass an6 more )olle)tor )urrent IC' The transistor is off

8hen +IN is less than '5 +$ ,e)ause the ,ase )urrent 8ill ,e #ero' The po8er %e"elope% in a s8it)hin*

transistor is "er6 small

In the OFF state

Po8er +( JIC ,ut IC

P

In the ON state

Po8er +C J IC ,ut +CE K O =almost?

P K


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So$ the po8er is "er6 small'

The %e"i)e is e@pe)te% to )ontrol s8it)hin* pro)ess ,6 sensin* han% )laps ,ut i%eall6$ must a"oi%

,ein* tri**ere% ,6 false si*nals$ su)h as "oi)e an% me)hani)al noise impulse' The )ir)uit is e@pe)te% to

respon% to t8o )laps onl6 8hen it is re)ei"e% 8ithin three se)on%s to ener*i#e a rela6 8hi)h 8ill ma9e

)onne)tion 8ith an e@ternal )ir)uit'

T'"T +'"&T"

The soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h of the inter)om )an turn on:off the inter)om that is plu**e%>in ,e)ause

the )ir)uit )han*es its output state 8hen 6ou )lap t8i)e 8ithin the set time perio%' 7ith the testin* 8e

)on%u)te%$ 6ou ha"e to )lap 8ith a half se)on% to one se)on% inter"al'

The )ontrol )ir)uit is the part of the rela6 that %etermines 8hen the output )omponent is ener*i#e%

or %e ener*i#e%' The LE(- on the )lap s8it)h )ir)uit in%i)ates that the Cir)uit fun)tion 8ell 8hen it li*ht

turns ON' In the same manner$ the LE(! in%i)ates that the so)9et has alrea%6 po8er 8hen it li*hts ON'

The monosta,le )ir)uit of IC! of the )omplete )ir)uit %ia*ram 8as ,6>passe%' It 8as o,ser"e% that

at a sin*le )lap$ the rela6 ma%e se"eral )li)9in* noise' It 8as inferre% that the "i,ratin* effe)t of the rela6 is

as a result of the ,oun)e of the s8it)h fire% ,6 se"eral pulses *enerate% from the %e)a%e )ounter'


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Therefore it is of si*nifi)ant importan)e to %e>,oun)e the s8it)h usin* the )om,ination of Po8er>ON

Tri**er an% Po8er>ON Reset )ir)uits'

sin* a sin*le 333 timer an% ,6>passin* IC! in the soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h )ir)uit$ it 8as o,ser"e%

that the re% LE($ in%i)atin* the time perio% onl6 flashe% on)e at a sin*le )lap an% the rela6 8as ener*i#e%$

,ut there 8as no ,oun)e noti)e%' For initial testin*$ the resistor R is remo"e%$ an% it 8as o,ser"e% that the

in%i)ator LE(- ,e)ame permanentl6 ON an% the )ir)uit %i% not respon% to further inputs =)laps?$ an% )oul%

not ener*i#e the rela6'

Stan%offs ma6 ,e nee%e% to pro"i%e support in areas of hi*h potential me)hani)al stress on the

)ir)uit ,oar%$ li9e the area 8here %oors are slamme% espe)iall6 if this %e"i)e is installe% on sus)epti,le 8all

)lose to the %oor' The ratin* of this %e"i)e is as important as the %e"i)e itself$ sin)e the loa%in* )apa)it6

)an influen)e performan)e an% fun)tionalit6 of s8it)hes'


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7e also measure% "olta*e at )riti)al points of the PC of the soun% a)ti"ate% s8it)h for the

inter)om' The main (C line after the re*ulator %io%es is appro@imatel6 -!'; "olts' The "olta*e a)ross the

Bener %io%e an% the IC po8er suppl6 pins is a,out -'! "olts' Thus$ ma9in* the "olta*e ratin* of )apa)itors

an% other )omponents suita,le for this )ir)uit'

P-(T(" () ACTA& P+(T(T4P'

&'""(*" &'A+*'%

7hile %oin* the pro0e)t$ the resear)hers of this stu%6 ha"e learne% the follo8in*

Operational amplifier is a *oo% %e"i)e that has all the properties require% for nearl6 i%eal (C

amplifi)ation an% are therefore use% e@tensi"el6 in si*nal )on%itionin* an% filterin*'

Operational amplifiers )oul% also ,e use% as a "olta*e amplif6in* %e"i)e %esi*ne% to ,e use% 8ith

e@ternal fee%,a)9 )omponents 8hi)h %etermines the fun)tion or operation of the amplifier' On this

pro0e)t$ Op H amps use% in the inter)om to filter the si*nal that is ,ein* pro%u)e%' The qualit6 of materials that 8ill ,e use% in a )ertain pro0e)t is "er6 important' E"en if the %esire%

output is a)hie"e% on the simulation part 8ith proper PC %esi*ns$ )reatin* it on a real PC )oul%

)ause 6ou to ha"e re"isions on 6our 8or9 sin)e not all of the materials are rea%il6 a"aila,le in the

mar9et'


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The *roup also learne% ho8 to trou,leshoot if the pro0e)t is not 8or9in* properl6' Thru this pro0e)t$

the team 8as a,le to pra)ti)e their 9no8le%*e on the %ifferent )omponents an% the lessons the6

learne% on the )ourse'

C(*C&"I(*

After %oin* the pro0e)t$ the *roup 8ere a,le to )on)lu%e that operational amplifiers is a *oo% %e"i)e

8ere small "olta*es )an ,e amplifie% to pro%u)e hi*her "olta*es' On this pro0e)t$ the operational amplifier

8as use% to in)rease the "olta*e output in ,oth )lap s8it)h an% inter)ommuni)ation' Thus in)reasin* the

ran*e 8here it )an ,e a)ti"ate% an% the %istan)e of separation ,et8een the master an% the sla"es 8ith an

a))epta,le hearin* "oi)e'

+'C('*%ATI(*

+eco##endation for si#ilar researches

The follo8in* re)ommen%ations are offere% for relate% resear)h in the fiel% of ele)troni)s

en*ineerin*

-' Gi"en the lon* %istan)e the "oi)e shoul% tra"el on the inter)om$ ha"in* a resear)h on ho8 to

lessen an% filter the noise 8oul% ,e "er6 mu)h appli)a,le to this pro0e)t' Lesser noise means

,etter qualit6 on the soun% that is ,ein* pro%u)e%'!' Gi"en that there is a rapi% )han*e an% a%"an)ement in the te)hnolo*6$ hi*h qualit6 )omponents

an% materials that are use% is another 8a6 of impro"in* this 9in% of pro0e)t'

+eco##endation for i#proving


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The follo8in* re)ommen%ations are offere% as possi,le 8a6s to impro"e this stu%6

-' In or%er to impro"e this pro0e)t$ the is re)ommen%in* to ,etter s8it)hin* an% 8irin* %esi*n is hi*hl6

re)ommen%e% %ue to noise that is ,ein* hear% 8hile operatin*'

!' A smaller PC %esi*n for ,oth the inter)om an% amplifier 8oul% also ,e ,etter' It 8ill lessen the

len*th of 8ires to ,e use% so that there 8oul% ,e a lo8er )urrent loss thus impro"in* the qualit6 of

soun% that is ,ein* pro%u)e%'2' The resear)hers of this stu%6 are also re)ommen%in* ha"in* a ,uilt in soun% a)ti"ators 8ith

%ifferent 8a6s of a)ti"atin* in ea)h sla"e that )oul% repla)e the s8it)hes that are use% in this

pro0e)t'

sound activated intercom docu

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