solid calcium carbonate is strongly hydrogen sulfide...

1

AP Net Ionic Equations AP Net Ionic Equations

Solid calcium carbonate is strongly heated.

Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled into a solution of mercury(II) chloride.

1 2


Phosphorus(V) oxide powder is sprinkled over distilled water.

A bar of zinc metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.

3 4


A small piece of sodium metal is added to distilled water.

Solid barium oxide is added to distilled water.

5 6


Solid ammonium carbonate is heated.

Solutions of manganese(II) sulfate and ammonium sulfide are mixed.

7 8

2


Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled into a solution of mercury(II) chloride.

Solid calcium carbonate is strongly heated.

H2S + Hg2+ → HgS + 2H+ or

H2S + HgCl2 → HgS + 2H+ + Cl- CaCO3 → CaO + CO2


A bar of zinc metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.

Phosphorus(V) oxide powder is sprinkled over distilled water.

Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu P4O10 [or P2O5] + 6H2O → 4H3PO4


Solid barium oxide is added to distilled water.

A small piece of sodium metal is added to distilled water.

BaO + H2O → Ba2+ + 2OH- 2Na + 2H2O → 2Na+ + 2OH- + H2


Solutions of manganese(II) sulfate and ammonium sulfide are mixed. Solid ammonium carbonate is heated.

Mn2+ + S2- → MnS (NH4)2CO3 → 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O

3


Sulfur trioxide gas is added to excess water.

Carbon disulfide vapor is burned in excess oxygen.

9 10


Solutions of sodium iodide and lead(II) nitrate are mixed.

Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium carbonate.

11 12


A strip of magnesium is added to a solution of silver nitrate.

Solid potassium chlorate is heated in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst.

13 14


A solution of hydroxide peroxide is heated.

Solid copper(II) sulfide is heated strongly in oxygen gas.

15 16

4


Carbon disulfide vapor is burned in excess oxygen.

Sulfur trioxide gas is added to excess water.

CS2 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2SO2 [or SO3] SO3 + H2O → H+ + HSO4-


Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium carbonate.

Solutions of sodium iodide and lead(II) nitrate are mixed.

2H+ + CO32- → CO2 + H2O 2I- + Pb2+ → PbI2


Solid potassium chlorate is heated in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst.

A strip of magnesium is added to a solution of silver nitrate.

2KClO3 → 2MnO 2KCl + 3O2 Mg + 2Ag+ → Mg2+ + 2Ag


Solid copper(II) sulfide is heated strongly in oxygen gas.

A solution of hydroxide peroxide is heated.

CuS + O2 → Cu + SO2 [or CuO/Cu2O + SO2]

2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2

5


A piece of aluminum metal is added to a solution of silver nitrate.

A piece of solid bismuth is heated strongly in oxygen.

17 18


Propanol is burned completely in air. Equal volumes of 0.1 M sulfuric acid and 0.1 M potassium hydroxide are mixed.

19 20


An excess of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of magnesium nitrate.

Solid lithium hydride is added to water.

21 22


A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas.

A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of zinc iodide.

23 24

6


A piece of solid bismuth is heated strongly in oxygen.

A piece of aluminum metal is added to a solution of silver nitrate.

4Bi + 3O2 → 2Bi2O3 Al + 3Ag+ → Al3+ + 3Ag


Equal volumes of 0.1 M sulfuric acid and 0.1 M potassium hydroxide are mixed. Propanol is burned completely in air.

H+ + OH- → H2O 2C3H7OH + 9O2 → 6CO2 + 8H2O


Solid lithium hydride is added to water.

An excess of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of magnesium nitrate.

LiH + H2O → Li+ + OH- + H2 2OH- + Mg2+ → Mg(OH)2



A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas.

Zn2+ + 4NH3 → [Zn(NH3)42+] 6Li + N2 → 2Li3N

7


Concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to solid manganese(II) sulfide.

Excess chlorine gas is passed over hot iron filings.

25 26


Water is added to a sample of solid magnesium nitride.

A solid sample of magnesium carbonate is heated strongly.

27 28


Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium sulfite.

An excess of nitric acid solution is added to a solution of tetraaminecopper(II) sulfate.

29 30


A piece of nickel metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.

Solid ammonium nitrate is heated to temperatures above 300°C.

31 32

8


Excess chlorine gas is passed over hot iron filings.

Concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to solid manganese(II) sulfide.

2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3 2H+ + MnS → H2S + Mn2+


A solid sample of magnesium carbonate is heated strongly.

Water is added to a sample of solid magnesium nitride.

MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 2NH3 + 3Mg(OH)2


An excess of nitric acid solution is added to a solution of tetraaminecopper(II) sulfate.

Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium sulfite.

4H+ + Cu(NH3)42+ → Cu2+ + 4NH4

+ H+ + SO32- → HSO3

-


Solid ammonium nitrate is heated to temperatures above 300°C.

A piece of nickel metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.

2NH4NO3 → 2N2 + O2 + 4H2O Ni + Cu2+ → Ni2+ + Cu

9


Liquid bromine is shaken with a sodium iodide solution.

Solutions of cobalt(II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed.

33 34


Ethene gas is burned in air. A solution of sodium bromide is added to an acidified solution of potassium bromate.

35 36


Carbon dioxide gas is passed over hot, solid sodium oxide.

A solution of potassium permanganate is added to an acidified solution of sodium oxalate.

37 38


Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide are mixed.

Lithium metal is burned in air.

39 40

10


Solutions of cobalt(II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed.

Liquid bromine is shaken with a sodium iodide solution.

Co2+ + 2OH- → Co(OH)2 Br2 + 2I- → 2Br- + I2


A solution of sodium bromide is added to an acidified solution of potassium bromate. Ethene gas is burned in air.

5Br- + 6H+ + BrO3- → 3Br2 + 3H2O C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O


A solution of potassium permanganate is added to an acidified solution of sodium oxalate.

Carbon dioxide gas is passed over hot, solid sodium oxide.

16H+ + 2MnO4- + 5C2O4

2- → 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8 H2O CO2 + Na2O → Na2CO3


Lithium metal is burned in air.

Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide are mixed.

4Li + O2 → 2Li2O H3PO4 + OH- → H2PO4

- + H2O

11


Aluminum metal is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride.

Manganese(II) nitrate solution is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution.

41 42


Gaseous hydrofluoric acid reacts with solid silicon dioxide.

The hydrocarbon hexane is burned with excess oxygen.

43 44


Equal volumes of dilute equimolar solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are mixed.

An excess of concentrated ammonia solution is added to a freshly precipitated copper(II) hydroxide.

45 46


A sample of calcium carbonate is heated.

Solid zinc sulfide is heated in an excess of oxygen.

47 48

12


Manganese(II) nitrate solution is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution.

Aluminum metal is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride.

Mn2+ + 2OH- → Mn(OH)2 2Al + 3Cu2+ → 2Al3+ + 3Cu


The hydrocarbon hexane is burned with excess oxygen.

Gaseous hydrofluoric acid reacts with solid silicon dioxide.

2C6H14 + 19O2 → 12CO2 + 14H2O 4HF + SiO2 → SiF4 + 2H2O


An excess of concentrated ammonia solution is added to a freshly precipitated copper(II) hydroxide.

Equal volumes of dilute equimolar solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are mixed.

4NH3 + Cu(OH)2 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OH- CO3

2- + H+ → HCO3-


Solid zinc sulfide is heated in an excess of oxygen. A sample of calcium carbonate is heated.

2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

13


Hydrogen gas is passed over hot copper(II) oxide.

A mixture of solid calcium oxide and solid tetraphosphorus decaoxide is heated.

49 50


A saturated solution of calcium hydroxide is added to a solution of magnesium chloride.

Solid barium peroxide is added to cold dilute sulfuric acid.

51 52


A solution of copper(II) sulfate is added to a solution of barium hydroxide.

Dilute acetic acid solution is added to solid magnesium carbonate.

53 54


Hydrogen gas is passed over hot iron(III) oxide.

Solutions of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, and dilute sulfuric acid are mixed.

55 56

14


A mixture of solid calcium oxide and solid tetraphosphorus decaoxide is heated.

Hydrogen gas is passed over hot copper(II) oxide.

6CaO + P4O10 → 2Ca3(PO4)2 H2 + CuO → H2O + Cu


Solid barium peroxide is added to cold dilute sulfuric acid.

A saturated solution of calcium hydroxide is added to a solution of magnesium chloride.

BaO2 + H+ + HSO4

- → BaSO4 + H2O2 2OH- + Mg2+ → Mg(OH)2


Dilute acetic acid solution is added to solid magnesium carbonate.

A solution of copper(II) sulfate is added to a solution of barium hydroxide.

2CH3COOH + MgCO3 → H2O + CO2 + Mg2+ + 2CH3COO

- Cu2+ + SO4

2- + Ba2+ + 2OH- → Cu(OH)2 + BaSO4


Solutions of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, and dilute sulfuric acid are mixed.

Hydrogen gas is passed over hot iron(III) oxide.

5I- + IO3- + 6H+ → 3H2O + 3I2 3H2 + Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O

15


Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium acetate.

Solid zinc strips are added to a solution of copper(II) sulfate.

57 58


Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of lead(II) nitrate.

Solid phosphorus pentachloride is added to excess water.

59 60


Powdered iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate.

Gaseous silane, SiH4, is burned in oxygen.

61 62


Gaseous diborane, B2H6, is burned in excess oxygen.

Hydrogen peroxide solution is added to acidified potassium iodide solution.

63 64

16


Solid zinc strips are added to a solution of copper(II) sulfate.

Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium acetate.

Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu H+ + HSO4

- + Ba

2+ + 2CH3COO

- → BaSO4 + 2CH3COOH


Solid phosphorus pentachloride is added to excess water.

Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of lead(II) nitrate.

PCl5 + 4H2O →H3PO4 + 5H+ + 5Cl- H2S + Pb

2+ → PbS + 2H+


Gaseous silane, SiH4, is burned in oxygen.

Powdered iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate.

SiH4 + 2O2 → SiO2 + 2H2O Fe + 2Fe3+ → 3Fe2+


Hydrogen peroxide solution is added to acidified potassium iodide solution.

Gaseous diborane, B2H6, is burned in excess oxygen.

H2O2 + 2H+ + 2I- → 2H2O + I2 B2H6 + 3O2 → 3H2O + B2O3 [or H3BO3]

17


Sodium phosphate crystals are added to water.

A saturated solution of barium hydroxide is mixed with a solution of iron(III) sulfate.

65 66


Solutions of sodium fluoride and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed.

A solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a potassium hydroxide solution.

67 68


Magnesium nitride is treated with water.

Solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed.

69 70


Magnesium metal is reacted with nitrogen gas.

Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through excess potassium hydroxide solution.

71 72

18


A saturated solution of barium hydroxide is mixed with a solution of iron(III) sulfate.

Sodium phosphate crystals are added to water.

Ba2+ + 3OH- + Fe3+ + SO42- → BaSO4 + Fe(OH)3

Na3PO4 + H2O → 3Na+ + OH- + HPO42-

[or H2PO4-]


A solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a potassium hydroxide solution.

Solutions of sodium fluoride and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed.

NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O F- + H+ → HF


Solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed. Magnesium nitride is treated with water.

2Ag+ + CrO42- → Ag2CrO4 Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 2NH3 + 3Mg(OH)2


Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through excess potassium hydroxide solution.

Magnesium metal is reacted with nitrogen gas.

H2S + 2OH- → S2- + 2H2O 3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2

19


A solution of formic acid, HCOOH, is oxidized by an acidified solution of potassium dichromate.

Dinitrogen trioxide gas is bubbled into water.

73 74


Ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas are bubbled into water.

Sodium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide in water.

75 76


Lead foil is immersed in silver nitrate solution.

Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled into an excess of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide.

77 78


Liquid bromine is added to a solution of potassium iodide.

Solid calcium oxide is exposed to a stream of carbon dioxide gas.

79 80

20


Dinitrogen trioxide gas is bubbled into water.

A solution of formic acid, HCOOH, is oxidized by an acidified solution of potassium dichromate.

N2O3 + H2O → 2HNO2 3HCOOH + 8H+ + Cr2O72- → 3CO2 + 7H2O + 2Cr

3+


Sodium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide in water.

Ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas are bubbled into water.

Al(OH)3 + OH- → Al(OH)4

- 2NH3 + CO2 + 3H2O → 2NH4OH + H2CO3

or → 2NH4+ + CO3

2-


Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled into an excess of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide.

Lead foil is immersed in silver nitrate solution.

SO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO3 + H2O Pb + 2Ag+ → Pb2+ + 2Ag


Solid calcium oxide is exposed to a stream of carbon dioxide gas.

Liquid bromine is added to a solution of potassium iodide.

CaO + CO2 → CaCO3 Br2 + 2I- → 2Br- + I2

21


An excess of ammonia gas is bubbled through a solution saturated with silver chloride.

Hydrogen sulfide gas is added to a solution of cadmium nitrate.

81 82


A solution of nickel(II) chloride is added to a solution of sodium sulfide.

Solid lithium oxide is added to excess water.

83 84


Solutions of zinc sulfate and sodium phosphate are mixed.

A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of ammonium chloride.

85 86


Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium bromide.

Chlorine gas is bubbled into cold dilute sodium hydroxide.

87 88

22


Hydrogen sulfide gas is added to a solution of cadmium nitrate.

An excess of ammonia gas is bubbled through a solution saturated with silver chloride.

H2S + Cd2+ → CdS + 2H+ 2NH3 + Ag

+ → [Ag(NH3)2]+


Solid lithium oxide is added to excess water.

A solution of nickel(II) chloride is added to a solution of sodium sulfide.

Li2O + H2O → 2Li+ + 2OH- Ni2+ + S2- → NiS


A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of ammonium chloride.

Solutions of zinc sulfate and sodium phosphate are mixed.

OH- + NH4+ → H2O + NH3 3Zn2+ + 2PO4

3- → Zn3(PO4)2


Chlorine gas is bubbled into cold dilute sodium hydroxide.

Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium bromide.

Cl2 + 2OH- → ClO- + Cl- + H2O Cl2 + 2Br

- → 2Cl- + Br2

23


Silver chloride is dissolved in excess ammonia solution.

Ammonium chloride crystals are added to a solution of sodium hydroxide.

89 90


Solutions of silver nitrate and lithium bromide are mixed.

A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride.

91 92


Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide.

Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of aluminum nitrate.

93 94


A strip of zinc is added to a solution of hydrobromic acid.

Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold, dilute solution of potassium hydroxide.

95 96

24


Ammonium chloride crystals are added to a solution of sodium hydroxide.

Silver chloride is dissolved in excess ammonia solution.

NH4Cl + OH- → NH3 + H2O + Cl

- AgCl + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl-


A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride.

Solutions of silver nitrate and lithium bromide are mixed.

Cu2+ + 4NH3 → Cu(NH3)42+ Ag+ + Br- → AgBr


Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of aluminum nitrate.

Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide.

3OH- + Al3+ → Al(OH)3 [or Al(OH)4-] CO2 + 2OH

- → CO32- + H2O


Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold, dilute solution of potassium hydroxide.

A strip of zinc is added to a solution of hydrobromic acid.

Cl2 + 2OH- → Cl- + ClO- + H2O Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

25



Hydrogen gas is passed over hot iron(II) oxide powder.

97 98


Solid ammonium carbonate is added to a saturated solution of barium hydroxide.

Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of disodium hydrogen phosphate and hydrochloric acid are mixed.

99 100


Ethanol is burned in oxygen. Excess sodium cyanide solution is added to a solution of silver nitrate.

101 102


A solution of potassium dichromate is added to an acidified solution of iron(II) chloride.

A stream of chlorine gas is passed through a solution of cold, dilute sodium hydroxide.

103 104

26


Hydrogen gas is passed over hot iron(II) oxide powder.


H2 + FeO → Fe + H2O Zn2+ + 4NH3 → [Zn(NH3)4]2+


Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of disodium hydrogen phosphate and hydrochloric acid are mixed.

Solid ammonium carbonate is added to a saturated solution of barium hydroxide.

HPO42- + H+ → H2PO4

- (NH4)2CO3 + Ba2+ + 2OH- → 2NH3 + BaCO3 + 2H2O


Excess sodium cyanide solution is added to a solution of silver nitrate. Ethanol is burned in oxygen.

CN- + Ag+ → Ag(CN)2- C2H5OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O


A stream of chlorine gas is passed through a solution of cold, dilute sodium hydroxide.

A solution of potassium dichromate is added to an acidified solution of iron(II) chloride.

Cl2 + 2OH- → OCl- + Cl- + H2O Cr2O7

2- + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 6Fe3+

27


A solution of ammonia is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.

Solutions of ammonia and hydrofluoric acid are mixed.

105 106


A strip of copper is immersed in dilute nitric acid.

Excess sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide.

107 108


A solution of diamminesilver(I) chloride is treated with dilute nitric acid.

A solution of ammonium thiocyanate is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.

109 110


Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of mercury(I) nitrate.

Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate.

111 112

28


Solutions of ammonia and hydrofluoric acid are mixed.

A solution of ammonia is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.

NH3 + HF → NH4+ + F- 3OH- + Fe3+ → Fe(OH)3


Excess sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide.

A strip of copper is immersed in dilute nitric acid.

SO2 + OH- → HSO3

- 3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- → 3Cu2+ + 4H2O + 2NO


A solution of ammonium thiocyanate is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.

A solution of diamminesilver(I) chloride is treated with dilute nitric acid.

Fe3+ + SCN- → Fe(SCN)2+ [or Fe(SCN)63-] [Ag(NH3)2]

+ + Cl- + H+ → AgCl + NH4+


Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate.

Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of mercury(I) nitrate.

H+ + HCO3- → H2O + CO2 2Cl- + Hg2

2+ → Hg2Cl2

29


Gaseous hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of nickel(II) nitrate.

Acetic acid solution is added to a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate.

113 114


A solution of sodium sulfide is added to a solution of zinc nitrate.

Solid calcium is added to warm water.

115 116


Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of potassium hydroxide.

Calcium metal is heated strongly in nitrogen gas.

117 118


A drop of potassium thiocyanate is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.

A solution of tin(II) chloride is added to an acidified solution of potassium permanganate.

119 120

30


Acetic acid solution is added to a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Gaseous hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of nickel(II) nitrate.

CH3COOH + HCO3- → CH3COO

- + H2O + CO2 H2S + Ni2+ → NiS + 2H+


Solid calcium is added to warm water. A solution of sodium sulfide is added to a solution of zinc nitrate.

Ca + 2H2O → Ca2+ + 2OH- + H2 S2- + Zn2+ → ZnS


Calcium metal is heated strongly in nitrogen gas.

Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of potassium hydroxide.

3Ca + N2 → Ca3N2 H2S + 2OH- → S2- + 2H2O


A solution of tin(II) chloride is added to an acidified solution of potassium permanganate.

A drop of potassium thiocyanate is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.

5Sn2+ + 16H+ + 2MnO4- → 5Sn4+ + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O SCN- + Fe3+ → FeSCN2+

solid calcium carbonate is strongly hydrogen sulfide...

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