solar sails as gossamer space structure systems
TRANSCRIPT
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
M.C. Natori
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ( ISAS/JAXA, retired )
3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
Special Talk: The Fourth International Symposium on Solar Sailing
ISSS2017, 17 - 20 January, 2017, Kyoto Research Park, Kyoto, JAPAN
Solar Sails as Gossamer Space Structure Systems
(Michihiro)
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Contents
1. Introduction : Solar Sail Spacecraft
2. Dynamical Response of a Solar Sail Blade Element
3. Deployable Membrane Structures
4. Light Weight Deployable Booms
Bi-Convex Boom and Its Use for Membrane Structures
5. Basic Geometrical Consideration on Folding Patterns
6. Future Direction of Membrane Structure Systems
7. Conclusion
Solar Sails as Gossamer Space Structure Systems
1
Solar Sails for Halley’s Comet Encounter
1. Introduction : Solar Sail Spacecraft
www.nasa.jpl.gov cited in Gohardani, A.S., “A Historical Glance at Solar Sails,” AIAA
2014-4181, AIAA SPACE 2014 Conf. and Expo., August 2014, San Diego, CA. Fu, B., Sperber, E. and Eke, F., “Solar Sail Technology - A State of the Art Review,”
Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Elsevier, Vol. 86, Oct. 2016, pp.1-19.
Friedman, L., Carroll, W., Goldstein, R., Jacobson, R., Kievit, J., Landel,
R., Layman, W., Marsh, E., Ploszaj, R., Rowe, W., Ruff, W., Stevens, J.,
Stimpson, L., Trubert, M., Varsi, G., Wright, J. and MacNeal, R., “Solar
Sailing - The Concept Made Realistic,” AIAA 1978-82, 16th Aerospace
Sciences Meeting, Huntsville, Alabama, January 1978.
Solar Sails for Moon Race (1990s)
Sawada, et al., AIAA 2011-1887
2010/6/9 Ikaros
M. Natori, "Response of Structures due to External
Forces in Space Environment - A Brief Review -,"
Proc. 4th ISAS Space Utilization Symp.,
July 1987, ISAS, pp.39-42.
Space Structure Systems
M.C. Natori, "Space Structures with Adaptive Intelligence,"
J. JSME, 96 (Nov. 1993), 958-961 (in Japanese).
Characteristics of Space Structures
Surface Structures
on Moon and Planets
2
(added Surface Structures on Moon and Planets
in Aug. 2009).
Direction of Solar
Illumination
3
2. Dynamical Response of
a Solar Sail Blade
Element M. Natori, S. Nemat-Nasser and J. Mitsugi, "Instability of a Rotating Blade Subjected to Solar Radiation Pressure," AIAA 89-1210, AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 30th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conf., Mobile, April 1989, 468-475.
J. Mitsugi, M. Natori and K. Miura, "Preliminary Evaluation of the Spinning Planar Solar Sail," AIAA 87-0742, AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS 28th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conf., Monterey, April 1987, Part 2A, 135-142.
Gibbs, S.C., Guerrant, D.V., Wilkie, W.K. and Dowell, E., “Rectangular Solar Sail Flutter,” AIAA 2013-1945, 54th AIAA/ASME/ ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conf., April 2013, Boston.
4
Cyclic pitch Half-psi cyclic pitch
Unstable Vibration of a Sail Blade
Collective pitch
3. Deployable Membrane Structures 5
Natori, Kuninaka, Higuchi
and Onodera, IAF-97-I.1.01,
1997, Turin, Italy.
Natori, Takano, Ohnishi,
Miyoshi, Inoue, Tabata and
Kondo, AIAA-98-1837, 39th
SDM, Long Beach
2D Array onboard SFU 2D Array onboard SFU
after retrieval (1996)
Halca Mesh Antenna Halca Mesh Antenna
after retrieval (1996)
6
Senda, Kishimoto, Higuchi, Shoukaku,
Mizuguchi, Ogasawara and Oda, “Finite
Element Method Analysis and Experiment
of 2-Dimensional Deployable Membrane
Structures Embedding Inflatable Tubes,”
AIAA-2008-2054, 9th AIAA Gossamer
Spacecraft Forum, 49th SDM Conf.,
Schaumburg, IL, April 2008.
Morphological Changes
in Nature - Insects’ Metamorphosis -
Membrane Structures with Embedded Inflatable Tubes
Spiracle
Trachea system
of insects
Kishimoto, Natori,
Higuchi and Ukegawa,
AIAA-2006-1898
7 Large Aperture Technology and Square Sail Design
ARISE, JPL Publ. 99-14, 2nd Ed., Oct. 1999
Some square sail
suspension patterns
L’Garde, 2005 AIAA 2005-2122 DLR, 2000, IAC-09-C2.2.7
Greschik, G. and Mikulas, M., “Design Study of a Square Solar Sail Architecture,” AIAA-2001-1259, 42nd AIAA/ASME/ ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conf. and Exhibit, Seattle, WA, April 2001.
Wrap Rib Antenna
4. Light Weight Deployable Booms 8
Wrap Rib Antenna
Block, J., Straubel, M. and Wiedemann, “Ultralight
Deployable Booms for Solar Sails and Other Large
Gossamer Structures in Space,” IAC-09-C2.2.7, 60th
Int'l. Astronautical Congress (IAC), Daejeon, Korea,
October 2009. Banik, J.A. and Murphey, T.W., “Performance Validation of
the Triangular Rollable and Collapsible Mast,” SSC10-II-1,
24th Annual AIAA/USU Conf. Small Satellites, 2010.
Murphey, T., Turse, D. and Adams, L., “TRAC Boom Structural Mechanics,” AIAA 2017-0171, 4th AIAA Spacecraft Structures
Conference, 2017 AIAA SciTech Forum, Jan. 2017, Grapevine, Texas.
STEM: Storable Tubular Extendible Member
CTM: Collapsible Tubular Mast
TRAC: Triangular Rollable and Collapsible Mast
CTM CTM
Hirota, Ikuta, Okuizumi, Natori, Watanabe, Yamakawa,
ISAS Symp. Space Structure and materials, Dec. 2014.
Bi-Convex Boom and Its Use for
Membrane Structures
Natori, Katsumata, Okuizumi, Watanabe
and Yamakawa, AIAA-2013-1596
Bi-convex tape boom covered by braid (BCON boom)
Watanabe, Ito and Hori, Ukaren,
JSASS-2012-4496 (in Japanese).
9
Miyazaki, Y.: Numerical Analysis..
Boom-Membrane Integrated Structure
1.5 m
1.5m x 1.5m concept demonstration
Composite booms and
a membrane are wrapped
together on a same hub
Synchronous deployment
10
Sakamoto, Furuya, Satou, Okuizumi, Takai and Natori, AIAA 2015-0680
11 5. Basic Geometrical Consideration on Folding Patterns
Basic folding Circumferential folding
(a) Umbrella folding
(b) Tangential line folding Thickness effect
Miura-ori Calendar
Two representative
folding patterns of a flat
membrane surface
(a) Spiral folding
(b) Circumferential folding
Natori et al., 2007, 18th ICAST
Natori et al., AIAA-2013-1596
Square module with spiral folding
Square module with circumferential folding
Natori, et al., 19th ICAST, 2008 ; AIAA-2010-2909
Dual Relation of Two Folding Patterns
Origami model of a deployable modular pattern Tessellation of
hexagonal modules
12
Dual surface of tessellated hexagonal modules
with regular spiral folding
Membrane module driven from dual tessellation of hexagonal modules with
regular spiral folding pattern
(a) Dual
triangular
module (b) Dual hexagonal compound module Tessellation pattern of
triangular modules with spiral folding
and their dual module
Natori et al., AIAA-2013-1596
9 Self-Deployable Boom Truss Structures
Dual triangular element using bi-convex tape booms
Boom system to fit a dual hexagonal compound module
13
M.C. Natori, N. Katsumata, N. Okuizumi, A. Watanabe
and H. Yamakawa, “Deployable Membrane Structures
with Rolled-up Booms and Their Deployment
Characteristics,” AIAA-2013-1596, 54th AIAA/ASME/
ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and
Materials Conf., April 2013, Boston.
Tamura, A., Inoue, S., Kawarabayashi, D.,
Yamazaki, M. and Miyazaki, Y., “Deployment
Dynamics of Selfdeployable Truss Structure
Consisting of Bi-convex Booms,” AIAA-2017-0175,
4th AIAA Spacecraft Structures Conference,
2017 AIAA SciTech Forum, January 2017,
Grapevine, Texas.
14 Starshade : Membrane Structure with Beam Elements
Webb, D., Hirsch, B., Bach. V., Sauder, J., Bradford, C. and
Thomson, M., “Starshade Mechanical Architecture &
Technology Effort,” AIAA 2016-2165, 3rd AIAA Spacecraft
Structures Conference, AIAA SciTech, 4-8 January 2016, San
Diego, California, USA.
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
: Deployment construction
: Automatic (robotic) construction Natori, et al., 19th ICAST, 2008
Natori, Katsumata, and Yamakawa, AIAA-2010-2909
1/10
15
E.E.(Sandy) Montgomery, NASA Marshall
Space Flight Center,
April 2006 Interstellar Heliopause
Probe (IHP) to 200 AU,
240m x 240m Sail
Solar Polar Orbiter,
150m x 150m Sail
M. Leipold, 1st Int’l. Symp. Solar Sailing
(ISSS), Herrsching, Germany, June 2007
Modular space structure systems
6. Future Direction of
Membrane Structure Systems
400m 150m
100m
46m
16
Ukegawa and Natori
IAC2003 U.1.01, 54th Int’l.
Astronautical Cong.,
Bremen, Germany,
I F
M1 M2
Meta-module
I F
M1 M2
Meta-moduleSimple robotic functions * release * rotation * latch
Automatic Construction of Large and/or Complex Systems
K. Ukegawa and M. C. Natori, 15th Int’l. Conf.
Adaptive Structures and Technologies (ICAST),
Bar Harbor, Maine, Oct. 2004 ; 16th ICAST,
2005, Paris, France ; 2006 IEEE/RSJ Int’l.
Symp. Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS),
Oct. 2006, Beijing China
Natori, M.C., Nagasawa, M., Yamada, J.,
Okuno, A., Yamakawa, H., Higuchi, K. and
Kishimoto, N., AIAA-2015-0683,
(SciTech2015), Jan. 2015, Kissimmee, FL.
7. Conclusion
17
Solar sail structures must be low areal density structures for the effective use of
solar radiation pressure, and it naturally follows as distributed structural systems
rather than concentrated systems such as present satellite ones. Various aspects
of solar sail structures and their mechanical characteristics from their construction
phases to steering ones are explained from the view point of structural concepts
and mechanics.
Especially the following subjects have been covered in some detail :
(1) Dynamical response of a solar sale blade element, (2) Deployable membrane
structures, (3) Light weight deployable booms, and bi-convex boom and its use for
membrane structures, (4) Basic geometrical consideration on folding patterns, and
(5) Future direction of membrane structure systems.
Solar Sails as Gossamer Space Structure Systems