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SOLAR PUMP

Awadhesh Ranjan2009CH70129

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI

by

Research approach

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Contents Introduction Comparison of Pumping Techniques Components of a Solar Pump Applications Working Principle Types of Solar Pumps Designing & Sizing of a Solar Pump MNRE Subsidies Major Dealers Future Work References

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Introduction Solar pump is an

ordinary pump but the working fuel is solar energy

Its a pump running on electricity generated by photovoltaic panels or the thermal energy available from collected sunlight as opposed to grid electricity or diesel run water pumps

Figure 1: A typical Solar Pump

Figure 1: Web

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Type of Pump Advantage Disadvantage

Solar Pump -Unattended operation-Low maintenance-Long life

-High capital cost-Water storage required for cloudy days-Repairs require skilled technicians

Diesel and Gasoline Pump

-Quick & easy installation-Low capital cost-Widely used

-Shorter life-Noise & fume pollution-High maintenance cost

Comparison of Pumping Techniques

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Components of a Solar Pump Solar Panel:

Absorb sunlight and transform to DC electricity power, provide energy for solar pump.

Electronic Pump Controller: Switch On/Off the pump Indication of Pump status Float switch signal control Pump Protection

DC PUMP: Pumping the water from well to Water Tank

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Components of a Solar Pump Float Switch:

To give the control signal of pump when the water tank is full or empty

Well Cap To prevent dirt from the well

Outlet Pipe Water from well to water tank

Water Tank: Water storage

Battery: To store electricity for backup

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Applications

Village water supply Livestock watering Irrigation Water purification and treatment systems Agriculture

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Working Principle

Figure 2: Schematic diagram for village water supply system

Figure 3: Schematic diagram for Irrigation system

Image Source: Maupoux, M., Solar (Photovoltaic) water pumping, in Practical Action. 2012, Practical Action: United Kingdom.

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Types of Solar Pumps

1) Submersible Pump

2) Surface Pump

3) Floating Pump

4) Stirling Engine Solar Pump

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Submersible Pump Probably the most common

type of solar pump used for village water supply.

Advantages: Easy to install Either AC or DC motors can

be incorporated into the pump set.

The most commonly employed system consists of an AC pump and inverter with a PV array of less than 1500Wp

Figure 4: Schematic diagram of a submersible pump system

Image Source: Solar Pumping System. 2008 [cited 2014; Available from: http://www.cloversolar.com/solar_pumping.html

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Surface Pump This type of pump set is not

recommended except where an operator will always be in attendance

Self-start and priming problems are experienced

Use of primary chambers and non-return valves required to prevent loss of prime

It is impractical to have suction heads of more than 8 meters. Figure 5: Schematic diagram of a surface pump

system

Image Source: A Solar Powered Water Pump. 2009; Available from: http://www.solar-for-energy.com/solar-powered-water-pump.html

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Floating Pump The floating unit set, makes it

ideal for irrigation pumping for canals and open wells

These types use a single stage submersed centrifugal pump

The most common type utilizes a brushless DC motor

Often the solar array support incorporates a handle or 'wheel barrow' type trolley to enable transportation

Figure 5: Schematic diagram of a floating pump system

Image Source: Maupoux, M., Solar (Photovoltaic) water pumping, in Practical Action. 2012, Practical Action: United Kingdom.

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Stirling Engine Solar Pump Sunlight is directly concentrated on the heat exchanger

of a Stirling engine to drive a pump mechanically This dispenses with the cost of solar panels and

electric equipment

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Designing and SizingI. Determining the basic amount of water required per

day.II. Calculating the TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD.III. Determining the solar insolation for your location.IV. Selecting the pump, controller, and solar array.V. Selecting the correct solar array mounting method.VI. Selecting the right size pump cable and pipe.

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Designing and Sizing

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Designing and Sizing Amount of water required per day:

• For Village supply: 30 litres/Person/day• For Livestock watering: 40 litres/Cattle/day

Calculating the TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH):• TDH is the effective pressure the pump must operate against.

• Tank Pressure:

• If the water is allowed to flow free into an open or vented tank, the Tank Pressure is zero

essureTank ossFriction LdStatic HeaTDH Pr

1020 312

.(kPa)PRESSURE(m)HeadEquivalent.si)PRESSURE(p(ft)HeadEquivalent

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Designing and Sizing• Static Head is given by:

• Frictional Head loss is given by Hazen-Williams Formula:

• H-W formula is applicable for L>30 ft with assumptions of mediocre water temp and somewhat turbulent pipe flow

• For L<30 ft, HL = 2-5% of Static Head

(ft) pipe oflength theis (gpm); rate flow theis (inches) I.D. nominal theis t;coefficien discharge theis

where,

472.10)( 871.4

852.1

852.1

LQDC

LDQ

CftH L

elevationdrawdownlwater leved (ft)Static Hea

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Designing and Sizing• Hydraulic Workload:

• If the Hydraulic Workload < 1,500 m4, then the project is a good candidate for solar PV. If it is between 1,500 and 2,000 m4, it will be borderline. If the hydraulic workload > 2,000 m4, consider other options

Pump Selection:

• Using the value of Q and TDH, appropriate pump can be selected

34 TDH (m))(mr VolumeDaily Wate)(mWorkloadHydraulic

hrsolationy Solar InTotal Dail

quirementy WaterTotal Dail(Q)Flow Rate min60

Re

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Designing and Sizing Pump Power:

• Assuming a standard efficiency of 35%, the calculated power must be supplied by the PV modules

PV Determination:

• The values 17.4 V, 3.11A are selected for a particular module and vary from module to module

• 0.80 is the assumed de-rating factor

Q)TDH.((W)PowerPump 18850

417 '

.VolatgeMotorsPump SeriesModules in

800 113417 '

).A. V.n Series(Modules iel Wattages Peak PanPumpParallelinStringsPVofNumber

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Designing and Sizing Estimated daily water pumped on a full sunny day

(gallons/day):

TDH).(

or %ating factModule der%iencyPump Effichr

dayhrlationDaily InsosModule AmptsModule Vol#Modules

W

18850

min60

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Calculations For a Village supply system with a population of

500~600 people and daily water requirements of 30 litres/person/day the calculated values are:• Power Unit: 1500Wp Solar Panels ( reference from BP Solar)• Pump: 4” Centrifugal Pump (reference from Suntech)• Well depth: 30m• Installation Area: 15 m2

• Daily Water Output: 26.6 m3

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MNRE Subsidy 30% Capital Subsidy on the Total Cost

Soft Loan @5%

A further subsidy of ` 57 per Wp on solar modules for water pumping systems

Existing benchmark cost: ` 190/Wp upto a capacity of 5kWp

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Major Dealers

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Future Work Research on the stirling engine based solar pumping

systems will be continued as it significantly reduces the cost factor

Direct utilization of solar energy to pumping is possible

A lot of scope for entrepreneurship lies as only company has taken up this project till now

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References T.D.Short,and R.Oldach,”Solar Powered Water Pumps: The Past ,The

Present and the future.” Solar Photovoltaic Potential & Prospects-“Godrej GBC Publication Res-fact

sheet no-3, June-2004. Hahn, a.a995, Technical Maturity and Reliability Of Photo Voltaic Pumping

Systems,Proc. Of 13th European PVSolar Conf.,Nice. Solar Pumping System. 2008 [cited 2014; Available from:

http://www.cloversolar.com/solar_pumping.html. A Solar Powered Water Pump. 2009; Available from:

http://www.solar-for-energy.com/solar-powered-water-pump.html. Buschermohle, M., and R. Burns. n.d. Solar-powered livestock watering

systems [Online]. Available from https://utextension.tennessee.edu/publications/documents/pb1640.pdf

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Questions What is a Solar Photovoltaic ( SPV ) water pump? Its a pump running on electricity generated by photovoltaic panels or the

thermal energy available from collected sunlight as opposed to grid electricity or diesel run water pumps.

What are the different types of solar pumps? There are 4 major types of Solar Pumps:

• Submersible Pump• Surface Pump• Floating Pump• Stirling Engine Solar Pump

What are the advantages of solar pumps? Solar pumps operate on solar energy available free with nature, and thus

save expenditure on diesel or electricity.• The cost of operation and maintenance of solar pumps is negligible• Useful for water pumping in remote areas without grid power.

Solar Photovoltaic Potential & Prospects-“Godrej GBC Publication Res-fact sheet no-3, June-2004.

Hahn, a.a995, Technical Maturity and Reliability Of Photo Voltaic Pumping Systems,Proc. Of 13th European PVSolar Conf.,Nice.

Solar Pumping System. 2008 [cited 2014; Available from: http://www.cloversolar.com/solar_pumping.html.

A Solar Powered Water Pump. 2009; Available from: http://www.solar-for-energy.com/solar-powered-water-pump.html.

Buschermohle, M., and R. Burns. n.d. Solar-powered livestock watering systems [Online]. Available from https://utextension.tennessee.edu/publications/documents/pb1640.pdf

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Questions State Hazen-William’s formula. It is an empirical formula to calculate the frictional head loss for water

flowing through a pipe. Mathematically its defined as:

Is a solar water pump system more expensive than a “conventional” system?

Where utility power isn’t readily available solar systems are often the most economical option. Factoring in ALL costs, such as installation, fuel, maintenance and waste, solar water pumping is often less expensive than generators, windmills, and running electrical lines

(ft) pipe oflength theis (gpm); rate flow theis (inches) I.D. nominal theis t;coefficien discharge theis

where,

472.10)( 871.4

852.1

852.1

LQDC

LDQ

CftH L