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8/13/2019 soibersin 2.0l

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Classification OF

SOIL

Classification OF SOIL BASED ON

TEXTURE

PARTICLE SIZE

LOCATIONCOLOR

COUNSTRUCTION


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Texture


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TEXTURES


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CLAY

Clay soil is another kind of soil that occurs

naturally. Its composition consists ofextremely fine grained material, which makes

this soil very difficult one to work with as the

drainage in the soil is very low.


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CLAY

There is always a very good chance of water

logging and the roots of the plants to be

damaged.


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SAMPLES OF CLAY SOIL


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CHALKY Chalky soil is another kind of soil. It is very

different from the peaty soil both in

composition and characteristics. Chalky soil

consists of large number of stones and is

alkaline in nature.


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SAMPLES OF CHALKY SOIL


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LOAMY

This soil ranges from muddy to fertile

soil. Among all the types of soils

Loamy soil is thought of as an idealsoil to do cultivation.


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SAMPLES OF LOAMY SOIL


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SANDY The drainage system highly depends on the

size of the particles in the soil as it determines

the amount of drainage that the soil allows.

Sandy soil consists of biggest particles ascompared to other types of soil and hence it

provides a better drainage.


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SANDY It is granular and its formation consists of

small rock and mineral particles. Sandy soil is

mainly formed due to the transportation and

weathering of rocks like quartz, limestone andgranite. It is comparatively easier to cultivate

than other kind of soils but its flaw is that it

supplies more drainage than needed.


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SAMPLES OF SANDY SOIL


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SILTY

Silty soil is one of the finest and most fertile

soils. Its composition consists of materials like

Quartz and other organic materials


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SILTY

smoother than sandy soil because of its

smaller particles. When silty soil is rolled

between ones finger it will leave behind dirt.

When it is wet it will create a slippery surface.Silt, unlike sand, drains water poorly as it

tends to retain moisture.


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SILTY

Using a lot of silt in the garden will require a

lot of maintenance as this soil type will tend tocompact easily. This will prevent proper

aeration which will be harmful to ones plants.


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SAMPLES OF SILTY SOIL


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PEATY

Peaty soil is basically formed from the dead

and decayed organic matter. The amount of

organic matter contained in it is far more thanthe amount of organic matter present in other

types of soil.


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PEATY

Peaty soil is favorable to water logging but if

the drainage system is well looked after it is

ideal for growing plants.


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SAMPLES OF PEATY SOIL


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PARTICLE SIZE


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SAND

particles can be seen by the

naked eye and are the largest of

the three size classes of soilparticles.


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SILT

particles are smaller than

sand particles and can only

be seen with a microscope


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CLAY

the smallest of the three

size classes of soil particles

and can only be seen with

an electron microscope.


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LOCATION


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FOREST

Forests give rise to a number of different

soil types, such as alfisols, ultisols and

spodosols. Spodosols are particularly

found under coniferous trees like pines.

Rain forests give rise to oxisols.

Found in the forest


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RIVERS AND

MOUNTAINS Riverbanks, flood plains and deltas tend to

form entisols and inceptisols. These types of

soil are also found on steep mountain slopes.Higher regions of mountains also form

gelisols, which form anywhere permafrost

does. Gelisols are mostly found in the Arcticregions.


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GRASSLANDS

Grasslands tend to give rise to

mollisols and vertisols. Vertisols

will also form anywhere that hastropical conditions with wet/dry

weather cycles.


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COLOR


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BLACK

The soil in this area is black

because it consists of partially or

fully decayed organic matter, suchas leaves, plants and animals that

have decomposed.


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BLACK

Humus, which makes up part of O

horizon is perfectly black and smooth

where all organic matter hascompletely broken down. Black

particles found in soil may also

provide clues that there are traces ofmanganese, iron sulphide and pyrite


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BROWN

Clay soil types are generally

brown.


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BROWN

Clay may be found in B horizon,

the third level soil level, although

some soils have more clay thanothers and thus it may be found

closer to the surface.


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RED & YELLOW

Red and yellow tones in soil indicate the presence of

iron, but the iron must be in oxidized forms. The

oxidized minerals of hematite, lepidocrocite and

ferrihydrite are red. If hematite deposits have largegrains, they appear almost purple. If soils are well

aerated, the iron oxidized forms goethite and jarosite

develop and create a yellow hue.


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WHITE

Michigan's Department of

Agriculture explains that the E

horizon, the level below the Ohorizon, is a whitish-color because it

is composed mainly of sand and

sediment.


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WHITE

Traces of calcium based minerals,

such as calcite, gypsum and

dolomite, also present a white orgray hue. These minerals go hand in

hand with an arid, coarse soil type.


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CONSTRUCTION


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COHESIVE Comprised of silt and clay, this soil type,

without proper assessment and alteration

may prove a real problem as a foundation due

to its tendency to shrink and swell.

Careful drainage methods must be

considered, because clay's dense, tightly

bound nature is impenetrable by water whencompacted..


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GRANULAR Including soils with high sand and/or gravel

content, granular soils are generally suitablefor building, considering that they are still

penetrable by water upon compaction. The installation of a containment wall may be

necessary to prevent shifting. Particle size isimportant in the consideration of granular

soils. Consult your local geological surveyexperts before building.


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ORGANIC Including marshy soils and soils high in peat

content and decaying vegetable matter,organic soils are generally not recommended

for building a foundation on. Organic soils tend to absorb and hold

excessive moisture and exhibit sponge-likeconsistency. For this reason, geological surveys

will generally steer you clear of building onsuch a site.


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RELATION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING

Soil plays an essential role to civil engineers becausesoil is the place where you place your foundations for

your project whether horizontal or vertical


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Civil engineers must know the types of the soil sothat they can analyze on how they can design a

certain structure that can withstand the certain soil


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Civil engineers must also know the types of the soilso that they will use as pavements for the roads

and the loads it can carry


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REFRENCES

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-

types-of-soil.html

http://www.google.com.ph

http://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/off

ices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/Trenching

Shoring/SoilTypes.aspx

http://www.ehow.com.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.google.com.ph/http://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.ehow.com.html/http://www.ehow.com.html/http://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.google.com.ph/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.html

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