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Classification OF
SOIL
Classification OF SOIL BASED ON
TEXTURE
PARTICLE SIZE
LOCATIONCOLOR
COUNSTRUCTION
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Texture
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TEXTURES
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CLAY
Clay soil is another kind of soil that occurs
naturally. Its composition consists ofextremely fine grained material, which makes
this soil very difficult one to work with as the
drainage in the soil is very low.
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CLAY
There is always a very good chance of water
logging and the roots of the plants to be
damaged.
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SAMPLES OF CLAY SOIL
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CHALKY Chalky soil is another kind of soil. It is very
different from the peaty soil both in
composition and characteristics. Chalky soil
consists of large number of stones and is
alkaline in nature.
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SAMPLES OF CHALKY SOIL
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LOAMY
This soil ranges from muddy to fertile
soil. Among all the types of soils
Loamy soil is thought of as an idealsoil to do cultivation.
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SAMPLES OF LOAMY SOIL
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SANDY The drainage system highly depends on the
size of the particles in the soil as it determines
the amount of drainage that the soil allows.
Sandy soil consists of biggest particles ascompared to other types of soil and hence it
provides a better drainage.
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SANDY It is granular and its formation consists of
small rock and mineral particles. Sandy soil is
mainly formed due to the transportation and
weathering of rocks like quartz, limestone andgranite. It is comparatively easier to cultivate
than other kind of soils but its flaw is that it
supplies more drainage than needed.
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SAMPLES OF SANDY SOIL
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SILTY
Silty soil is one of the finest and most fertile
soils. Its composition consists of materials like
Quartz and other organic materials
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SILTY
smoother than sandy soil because of its
smaller particles. When silty soil is rolled
between ones finger it will leave behind dirt.
When it is wet it will create a slippery surface.Silt, unlike sand, drains water poorly as it
tends to retain moisture.
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SILTY
Using a lot of silt in the garden will require a
lot of maintenance as this soil type will tend tocompact easily. This will prevent proper
aeration which will be harmful to ones plants.
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SAMPLES OF SILTY SOIL
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PEATY
Peaty soil is basically formed from the dead
and decayed organic matter. The amount of
organic matter contained in it is far more thanthe amount of organic matter present in other
types of soil.
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PEATY
Peaty soil is favorable to water logging but if
the drainage system is well looked after it is
ideal for growing plants.
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SAMPLES OF PEATY SOIL
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PARTICLE SIZE
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SAND
particles can be seen by the
naked eye and are the largest of
the three size classes of soilparticles.
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SILT
particles are smaller than
sand particles and can only
be seen with a microscope
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CLAY
the smallest of the three
size classes of soil particles
and can only be seen with
an electron microscope.
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LOCATION
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FOREST
Forests give rise to a number of different
soil types, such as alfisols, ultisols and
spodosols. Spodosols are particularly
found under coniferous trees like pines.
Rain forests give rise to oxisols.
Found in the forest
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RIVERS AND
MOUNTAINS Riverbanks, flood plains and deltas tend to
form entisols and inceptisols. These types of
soil are also found on steep mountain slopes.Higher regions of mountains also form
gelisols, which form anywhere permafrost
does. Gelisols are mostly found in the Arcticregions.
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GRASSLANDS
Grasslands tend to give rise to
mollisols and vertisols. Vertisols
will also form anywhere that hastropical conditions with wet/dry
weather cycles.
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COLOR
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BLACK
The soil in this area is black
because it consists of partially or
fully decayed organic matter, suchas leaves, plants and animals that
have decomposed.
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BLACK
Humus, which makes up part of O
horizon is perfectly black and smooth
where all organic matter hascompletely broken down. Black
particles found in soil may also
provide clues that there are traces ofmanganese, iron sulphide and pyrite
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BROWN
Clay soil types are generally
brown.
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BROWN
Clay may be found in B horizon,
the third level soil level, although
some soils have more clay thanothers and thus it may be found
closer to the surface.
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RED & YELLOW
Red and yellow tones in soil indicate the presence of
iron, but the iron must be in oxidized forms. The
oxidized minerals of hematite, lepidocrocite and
ferrihydrite are red. If hematite deposits have largegrains, they appear almost purple. If soils are well
aerated, the iron oxidized forms goethite and jarosite
develop and create a yellow hue.
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WHITE
Michigan's Department of
Agriculture explains that the E
horizon, the level below the Ohorizon, is a whitish-color because it
is composed mainly of sand and
sediment.
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WHITE
Traces of calcium based minerals,
such as calcite, gypsum and
dolomite, also present a white orgray hue. These minerals go hand in
hand with an arid, coarse soil type.
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CONSTRUCTION
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COHESIVE Comprised of silt and clay, this soil type,
without proper assessment and alteration
may prove a real problem as a foundation due
to its tendency to shrink and swell.
Careful drainage methods must be
considered, because clay's dense, tightly
bound nature is impenetrable by water whencompacted..
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GRANULAR Including soils with high sand and/or gravel
content, granular soils are generally suitablefor building, considering that they are still
penetrable by water upon compaction. The installation of a containment wall may be
necessary to prevent shifting. Particle size isimportant in the consideration of granular
soils. Consult your local geological surveyexperts before building.
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ORGANIC Including marshy soils and soils high in peat
content and decaying vegetable matter,organic soils are generally not recommended
for building a foundation on. Organic soils tend to absorb and hold
excessive moisture and exhibit sponge-likeconsistency. For this reason, geological surveys
will generally steer you clear of building onsuch a site.
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RELATION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING
Soil plays an essential role to civil engineers becausesoil is the place where you place your foundations for
your project whether horizontal or vertical
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RELATION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil engineers must know the types of the soil sothat they can analyze on how they can design a
certain structure that can withstand the certain soil
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RELATION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil engineers must also know the types of the soilso that they will use as pavements for the roads
and the loads it can carry
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REFRENCES
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-
types-of-soil.html
http://www.google.com.ph
http://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/off
ices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/Trenching
Shoring/SoilTypes.aspx
http://www.ehow.com.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.google.com.ph/http://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.ehow.com.html/http://www.ehow.com.html/http://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.murraystate.edu/headermenu/offices/esh/OccupationalSafetyHealth/TrenchingShoring/SoilTypes.aspxhttp://www.google.com.ph/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.html