socio5 14 arrest and trial of rizal
TRANSCRIPT
THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF RIZAL
Katipunan - a secret
revolutionary society
founded by Andres
Bonifacio
Dr. Pio Valenzuela -
secret emissary of
Katipunan to Dapitan
For 26 days (August 6-September, 1896) Rizal stayed on board the Castilla
August 29 -Katipunan plot to rise in arms against Spain was discovered by Father Mariano Gil (Augustinian parish priest of Tondo)
Katipuneros led by Emilio Jacinto tried to rescue Rizal however he refused their rescue offer
Last trip to Spain
August 30 - he received a letter from GovernorBlanco wishing him “happiness” and twoadditional letter of recommendation for theMinistry of War (General Marcelo de Azcarraga,Philippine born Spaniard) and the Ministry ofColonies
September 3, 1896 - left Spain on board thesteamer Isla de Panay
September 7 - streamer reached Singapore, aBritish colony
Don Pedro Roxas and other Filipino friends in
Singapore tried to persuade him to escape
from the clutches of Spain however he refused
again
Mr. Fort- English lawyer
The crux of Mr. Font’s legal contention was Rizal
was “illegally detained” on the Spanish steamer
In Barcelona
When the steamer
arrived in Barcelona
on October 3, 1896,
Rizal remained there
for three days and
was transferred to
Montjuich Castle on
October 6, 1896
November 3 - the
steamer Colon
arrived in Manila and
was immediately
transferred to Fort
Santiago
Tortured:
*Deodato Arellano
*Domingo Franco
*Dr. Pio Valenzuela
*Timoteo Paez
*Moises Salvador
*Paciano(cruelly tortured)
*Jose Dizon
Headed by Judge Advocate, Colonel
Francisco Olive
2 kinds of evidence
* 15 documentary
* 15 testimonial
Documentary Evidences
1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce
dated Oct. 16, 1888, Madrid.
2. A letter of Rizal to his family dated Aug. 20,
1890, Madrid.
3. A letter from M.H. Del Pilar to Deodato Arellano
dated Jan 7, 1889, Madrid
4. A poem entitled “Kundiman” allegedly written
by Rizal.
Documentary Evidences
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified
person, Sept. 18, 1891.
6. A Masonic document dated Feb. 9, 1892.
7. A letter signed “Dimasalang” to Ten Luz
(Juan Zulueta) dated May 24, 1892, H.K.
8. A letter signed Dimasalang to unidentified
committee dated June 1, 1892, Hong Kong.
Documentary Evidence
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the
Editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph.
10.A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Sept.
3, 1892.
11.A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated Sept. 17, 1893.
12.A letter to M.H. Del Pilar to Juan A. Tenluz
Documentary Evidence
13.A transcript of the speech of Pinkian (Emilio
Jacinto) in a meeting of the Katipunan on July
23, 1893.
14.Transcript of a speech Tik-Tol (Jose Turiano
Santiago) during the same Katipunan meeting.
15.A poem by Laon Laan (Rizal) entitled A Talisay.
Testimonial evidence
*Martin Constantino *Domingo Franco
*Aguedo del Rosario *Jose Dizon
*Ambrosio Salvador *Jose Reyes
*Moises Salvador *Timoteo Paez
*Pedro Serrano Laktaw
*Deodato Arellano
*Dr. Pio Valenzuela
*Antonio Salazar
*Francisco Quison
Recommendations
the accused be brought to trial
he should be kept in prison
an order of attachment be issued against his properties to the amount of 1 M pesos as indemnity
he should be defended in court by an army officer, not by civilian lawyer
Rizal chooses his defender Don Luis Taviel de
Andrade- 1st
lieutenant of the
artillery served as his
defender in court
-brother of
Jose(Rizal
“bodyguard” in
Calamba 1887)
December 11 - to the question asked, Rizalreplied:
1. He did not question the jurisdiction of the court
2. He had nothing to amend, except that since hisdeportation to Dapitan in 1892 he had notengaged in politics
3. He did not admit the charges preferred againsthim
4. He did not admit the declaration of thewitnesses against him
December 13 -
the case against
Rizal was referred
to Governor
Camilo C. de
Polavieja, who
had just replaced
Governor Blanco
December 15 - he wrote a manifesto tohis people appealing to them to stopthe unnecessary shedding of blood andto achieve their liberties by means ofeducation and industry.
It was written in his prison cell at FortSantiago
Judge Advocate Nicolas de la Peñarecommended to Governor Polaviejathat the manifesto be surpressed.Accordingly its publication wasprohibited.
December 26, 1896-he who wasaccustomed tospend this merryseason in thecompany of hisbeloved family ofdear friends, foundhimself alone anddepressed in adreary cell.
Rizal was accused of 3 crimes:
1. rebellion
2. sedition
3. illegal association
In his preliminary defense, he further proved his
innocence by twelve points
December 26, 1896(8:00 am) - the court martialof Rizal started in the military building calledCuartel de España
The military court, in spite of Rizal’s additionaldefenses, remained indifferent.
Lt. Co. Arjona closed the trial and ordered theclearing of the court hall
After a short deliberation, the seven members ofthe military court voted unanimously for the deathof Rizal on the same day.
7 members of military court:
• Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (pres)
• Capt. Ricardo Muños Arias
• Capt. Manuel Reguera
• Capt. Santiago Izquierdo
• Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nuñez
• Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
• Capt. Fernando Perez Rodriguez
December 28 - Gov. Polavieja approved the
decision of the court martial and ordered the
execution of Rizal on December 30th at
Bagumbayan Field (Luneta)
Rights of the accused1. The right to free access to the courts and adequate legal
assistance.
2. The right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have counsel when under investigation for the commission of an offense.
3. The right against the use of torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiates the free will.
4. The right against being held in secret, incommunicado, or similar forms of solitary detention;
5. The right to bail and against excessive bail.
6. The right to due process of law.
7. The right to presumption of innocence.
8. The right to be heard by himself and counsel.
9. The right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him.
Rights of the accused10. The right to have speedy, impartial, and public trial.
11. The right to meet the witnesses face to face.
12. The right to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf.
13. The right against self-incrimination.
14. The right against detention by reason of political beliefs and aspirations.
15. The right against excessive fines.
16. The right against cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment.
17. The right against infliction of the death penalty except for heinous crimes.
18. The right against double jeopardy.
19. The right against ex post facto law and bill of attainder.