complete rizal
TRANSCRIPT
Learning Objectives:
• Genealogy of Rizal• Rizal’s early childhood• Political awakening of the family• Rizal’s education in the Philippines– Elementary education– Education in Ateneo– Education in UST
• Departure to Spain
Francisco Rizal Mercado y Alejandro • Biñan Laguna• May 11 , 1818• Latin and Philosophy in
College of San Jose• January 5, 1898 age of 80• “a model of fathers”• Married Teodora on June
28, 1848
Teodora Alonza y Quintos
• Manila• November 8, 1826• College of Santa
Rosa• August 16, 1911
age of 85
The Rizal ChildrenSaturnina (1850 – 1913)• Neneng• Manuel T. Hidalgo (husband)
Paciano (1851-1930)• Joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat
General • After Revolution he retired and became a farmer• Died on April 13, 1930 aged 79• Had 2 children by his mistress Severina Decena
Narcisa (1852-1939)• Pet name : SISA• Married Antonio Lopez
Olimpia (1855 – 1887)• Ypia (pet name)• Married Silvestre Ubaldo – telegraph operator from Manila
Lucia (1857 – 1919)• Married Mariano Herbosa• Died in cholera and was denied Christian because he
was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal
Maria (1859-1945)• Biang was her nickname• Married Daniel Faustino Cruz
Conception (1862 – 1865)• Her pet name was Concha• Died in sickness at the age of 3• Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
Josefa (1865 – 1945)• Her pet name was Panggoy• Died an old maid at the age of 80
Trinidad (1868 – 1951)• Trining was her pet name• Died an old maid at the age of 83
Soledad (1870 – 1929)• Youngest of the Rizal Children• her pet name was Chleng• Married Panteleon Quintero of Calamba
• Domingo Lameo (great-grandfather)– Chinese immigrant from Fukien City of
Changchow–Married Ines de la Rosa • Francisco Mercado (Biñan Laguna)–Gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor)–Married Cirila Bercacha»Juan Mercado (Rizals grandfather)• Gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor)• Married Cirila Alejandro• 13 children ; Francisco Mercado
•MERCADO•RIZAL–Alcalde mayor
• June 19, 1861• June 22, 1861 •Father Rufino Collantes•Father Pedro Casanas
• “Jose”• Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, japanese and Spanish
Childhood years in Calamba
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda
• Date of Birth:– June 19, 1861
• Place of Birth: – Calamba Laguna
• Father:– Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y
Alejandro• Mother:– Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y
Quintos (Rizal’s first teacher)
• June 22, 1861– Jose Rizal was baptized.
• At Catholic of Calamba• Rev. Ruffino Collantes
– The parish priest.• Rev. Pedro Casañas
– His godfather
• September 28, 1862– The parochial church of Calamba and the canonical books,
including the book in which Rizal’s baptismal records were entered, were burned.
• 1864– Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother
• 1865– When he was four years old, his sister Conception, the
eight child in the Rizal family, died at the age of three.
• 1865-1867– He learned to read and write• Taught by his mother.
– He learned the basic Latin.• Taught by Leon Monroy.
– He developed a great admiration for the beauty of nature• Taught by Uncle Manuel Alberto.
– Love for education was inculcated in his mind.• Inculcated by Uncle Gregorio
• June 6, 1868– Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill the
vow made by his mother to take the child to the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo.
• 1869– At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem
entitled "Sa Aking Mga Kabata.“• written in tagalog• theme: "Love of One’s Language."
Political Awakening of the Family
Reasons that Awakened Rizal• The education he received in universities• His family’s experience– The false accusations against his mother.
• The sacrifice of the three priests, GomBurZa.– Fr. Mariano Gomez– Fr. Jose Burgos– Fr. Jacinto Zamora
• priests who believed the reform of the priesthood and the Catholic Church in the Philippines, were executed. The execution stirred Rizal’s political awakening and awareness of being part of one nation.
• He became a part of the “Propaganda”.– an organization founded in Europe in the 1880s
by ilustrados or middle class elite who sought reforms in the colonial administration.
• He introduced his famous and widely read novels due to colonial abuse in order to awaken the nation from its long and deep sleep.– Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me
Not) – El Filibusterismo (The
Subversive)• The Spanish authorities banned
his novels, branding them as subversive because it was critical of the frailocracy and the colonial administration.
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
• had his early education in Calamba and Biñan• characterized by the four R’s-reading, writing,
arithmetic, and religion• was able to acquire the necessary instruction
preparatory for college work in Manila.
The Hero’s First Teacher
• The first teacher of Rizal was his mother,• he learned at the age of three the alphabet
and the prayers. "My mother,"• parents employed private tutors to give him
lessons at home.• -Maestro Celestino• -Maestro Lucas Padua• -Leon Monroy (former classmate of Rizal’s
father, became the boy's tutor.)
First Day in Biñan School • the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz• school was in the house of the teacher, which was a
small nipa hut about 30meters from the home of Jose’s aunt
• Best Student in School• In academic studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys. He
surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects
• Some of his older classmates were jealous of his intellectual superiority.
Early Schooling in Biñan
• the age of seven he traveled with his father for the first time to Manila and thence to Antipolo
• When he was nine years old, his father sent him to Biñan to continue studying Latin,
• Justiniano Aquino Cruz. His teacher in Biñan, a severe disciplinarian
• Jose distinguished himself in class, and succeeded in surpassing many of his older classmates
Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za January 20, 1872
• -200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the lamadrid , Filipino sergeant rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition of the usual privileges [suppressed after two days
• -February 17 1872 at sunrise they were executed• -Paciano was enraged by the execution of Burgos• -the martyrdom of the Gom-Bur-Za inspired Rizal to
fight against the evils of Spanish tyranny
Scholastic triumphs at Ateneo de Manila
(1872-1877)
• Ateneo Municipal – a college under the supervision of the
Spanish Jesuits– Formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity
school)
• Rizal Enters the Ateneo– June 10, 1872 – College of San Juan de
Letran
• Father Magin Ferrando– College registrar refused to admit Jose
for 2 reasons:• Late for registration• Was sickly and undersized for his age
• Manuel Xeres Burgos
• Jesuit System of Education– Roman Empire
• Composed of Internos (boarders)
– Carthaginian Empire• Composed of externos (non – boarders)
• Emperor (Best student in each row)• Tribune (2nd)• Decurion (3rd)• Centurion (4th)• Standard-bearer (5th)• * could lose his position if he committed 3 mistakes• BANNER
– Red for the Romans– Blue for Catharginians
RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872 – 73)
• Fr. Jose Bech• Jose Rizal took private lesson in Santa Isabel
College during the noon recess and paid 3 pesos for each lessons
• His Favorite Books– ‘Count of Monte Cristo’ (Alexander Dumas)– ‘Travels in the Philippines’ (Dr. Feodor Jagor)– ‘Universal History’ (Cesar Cantu)
• Fr. Sanchez• Considered best professor in Ateneo
• March 23, 1877– Commencement day– Receie the degree of Bachelor of Arts
• SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO
• Virgin Mary–Batikuling (philippine hardwood)
• Father Lleonart–Requested to carve for him an
image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
• Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration)–Dedicated to his mother oh her
birthday
FIRST ROMANCE of RIZAL
• Segunda Katigbak–14 year old Batanguena from
Lipa–La Concordia College
Medical studies at the University of Santo Tomas(1877-1882)
• His mother was opposed to higher education• In April 1877-Rizal entered the university
taking the course on Philosophy and Letters• 2 reasons: -His father liked it
-He is uncertain as to what career to pursue
• First term- he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics , Theodicy and History of Philosophy.(1877-78)
• The following term (1878-79)-he took up the medical course
• Reasons: -He wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness.-Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of Ateneo, recommended the course.
• In 1878 Rizal finishes his Surveying course in Ateneo (perito agrimensor/ expert surveyor)
Romances with other girls.• Segunda Katigbak-First love• Miss “L” in Calamba-• Leonor Valenzuela (Orang-pet name)-Pagsanjan • Leonor Rivera (his cousin from Camiling)-engaged to
Rizal • -----------------------------• Consuelo Ortiga-Madrid• Seiko Usui/ O Sei-san- Japan• Nelly Boustead-France• Josephine Bracken- Ireland • Gertrude Beckett- London• Suzanne Jacoby-Belgium
Nelly Boustead
O Sei san
Gertrude Beckett
Leonor Valenzuela
Leonor Rivera
Segunda Katigbak
Suzzane Jocoby
“Petite Suzzane” Josephine Bracken
Consuelo Ortiga
Champion of the Filipino Students
• Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their frequent fights against arrogant Spanish students.
• Founded a secret society called Companerismo/ Comradeship
• Whose members are called Companions of Jehu
Unhappy days at UST
• The Dominican professors were hostile to him.• Filipino students were racially discriminated.• Method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.• His grades in the first year of the philosophy course
were all excellent, BUT they were not impressive in the four years of his medical course.
Philosophy & Letters
Medicine-1st yr Medicine-2ndyr Medicine-3rdyr Medicine- 4thyr
Cosmology & MetaphysicsExcellent
PhysicsFair
Anatomy IIGood
General PathologyFair
Medical PathologyVery good
TheodicyExcellent
ChemistryExcellent
Dissection IIGood
TherapeuticsExcellent
Surgical PathologyVery good
History of PhilosophyExcellent
Natural HistoryGood
PhysiologyGood
SurgeryGood
ObstetricsVery good
Anatomy IGood
Private HygieneGood
Dissection Igood
Public HygieneGood
Decision to study abroad
• He could no longer endure the rampant prejudice, discrimination, and hostility in UST
• His brother approved of his decision
In sunny Spain (1882-1885)
• After finishing his medical course in UST, Jose Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain.
• His departure was kept secret• On May 3 ,1882 , he travelled to Singapore (a
Spanish steamer “Salvador”), then to Colombo (a French steamer “Djemnah”), then through the Suez Canal, Naples and Marseilles. Until he reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
• Welcomed by Filipinos in Barcelona.
• November 3, 1882-Rizal enrolled at Universidad Central de Madrid
• Took two courses: Medicine and Philosophy & Letters.
• Also studied – painting and sculpture at “Academy of Fine Arts of San
Francisco– German, French, English– Fencing and Shooting
• Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino-a society of Spaniards and Filipinos
Universidad Central de Madrid
• Rizal completed his studies at Universidad Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884
• The next academic year (1884-85) he studied and passed all subjects to the degree of Doctor of Medicine
• But due to not passing his thesis required for graduation nor paying the corresponding fee, Rizal was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma.
5th year (1882-1883) 6th year (1883-1884)Medical Clinic IGood
Medical Clinic IIGood
Surgical Clinic IGood
Surgical Clinic IIVery Good
Obstetrical ClinicFairLegal MedicineExcellent
Continuation of Medical course in the UST
*Licentiate in Medicine awarded on June 21, 1884 with the rating of “FAIR”
Doctorate (1884-85)History of Medical Science----- Fair
Surgical Analysis-------Good
Normal Histology------ Excellent
*DOCTOR OF MEDICINE (NOT AWARDED)*
• Rizal finished his studies in Philosophy & letters with higher grades.
• He was awarded of Licentiate in Philosophy & Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 19, 1885 (his 24th birthday). He became qualified to be a professor of humanities in any Spanish university.
• By receiving his degree of Licentiate in Medicine he became a full-fledge physician
Questions!• What is the complete name of Jose Rizal?• How many siblings does he have?• Who was his first teacher?• His first poem?• What are the four R’s?• Reason why Rizal took up a medical course?• First love of Rizal?• Where did the family name, Mercado was
derived from?