SOC101YSOC101Y

Introduction to SociologyIntroduction to SociologyProfessor Robert BrymProfessor Robert Brym

Lecture #17Lecture #17GlobalizationGlobalization

16 March 201116 March 2011

Non-conventional Political Action, Non-conventional Political Action, Canada, 1981-2006 Canada, 1981-2006

(percent “done” and “might”)(percent “done” and “might”)

Percent

Statistically significant increase

Relative Deprivation TheoryRelative Deprivation Theory

Time

Rewards

Rewards expected

Rewards received

Intolerable gap

People feel relatively deprived when they experience an intolerable gap between the social rewards they think they deserve and the social rewards they expect to receive. Social rewards are widely valued goods, including money, education, security, prestige, etc. Accordingly, people are most likely to rebel against authority when rising expectations (brought on by, say, rapid economic growth and migration) are met by a sudden decline in social rewards (due to, say, economic recession or war).

Resource Mobilization Resource Mobilization TheoryTheory

Resource mobilization theory is based on the idea that social movements can emerge only when disadvantaged people can marshal the means necessary to challenge authority. Foremost among the resources they need to challenge authority is the capacity to forge strong social ties among themselves. Other important resources that allow disadvantaged people to challenge authority include jobs, money, arms, and access to means of spreading their ideas.

Weighted Frequency of Weighted Frequency of Strikes,Strikes,

Canada, 1946-2008Canada, 1946-2008

Str

ikes

/100

,000

non

-agr

icul

tura

l wo

rker

s

1946

Year

20081974

Percent of Non-Agricultural Percent of Non-Agricultural Workers Unionized, Canada and Workers Unionized, Canada and

USA, USA, 1925-20091925-2009

Percent unionized

Year

Canada

USA

Indicators of Globalization, Indicators of Globalization, 1981/2 - 2007/91981/2 - 2007/9

1981/2

2007/9

% Δ

International tourist arrivals (millions of people)

277 924 233

Foreign direct investment (billions of dollars)

59 1,538 2,507

Internet hosts (millions) 213 681 m.

319 m.

Number of international organizations (thousands)

14.3 63.9 347

Transnational CorporationsTransnational Corporations

Transnational corporations – also called multinational or international corporations – are the most important agents of globalization in the world today. They are giant companies that depend increasingly on foreign labour, sell on world markets, operate with considerable autonomy from national governments, and depend for growth of on new management skills, design innovations, and massive advertising campaigns.

The Size and Influence of The Size and Influence of thethe

United States EconomyUnited States Economy

Venezuela (IO)

Poland (MO)i

Pakistan (AK)

Saudi Arabia (TN)

Iran (AL)

Singapore (SC)

Sweden (NC)

Austria (VA)Portugal (KT)

Norway (MN)

South Africa (WI)

Argentina (MI)

Mexico (IL)Denmark (IN)

Netherlands (PA)

Morroco (ME)

Brazil (NY)

Dominican Republic (VT)

Belgium (MA)

Bangladesh (NH)

Hong Kong (MD)New Zealand (DC)

Romania (DE)Russia (NJ)Greece (CT)

Vietnam (RI)

Australia (OH)

Turkey (WA)

Israel (OR)

Ireland (NE)

France (CA)

Belarus (AK)

Tunisia (MT)

Ukraine (ID)

Peru (UT)

Thailand (AZ)

Hungary (NM)

Canada (TX)

Nigeria (HI)

Phillipines (OK)

Malaysia (KA)

Czech Republic (NB)

Croatia (SD)

Ecuador (ND)

Indonesia (LA)South Korea (FL)

Switzerland (GA)Chile (MI)

Uzbekistan (WY)

Finland (CO)Algeria (WV)

This map will help you gauge the enormous importance of the United States in globalization because it emphasizes just how big the U.S. economy is. The economy of each U.S. state is as big as that of a whole country. Specifically, this map shows how the GDP of various countries compares to that of each state. For example, the GDP of California is equal to that of France, the GDP of New Jersey is equal to that of Russia, and the GDP of Texas is equal to that of Canada.

McDonaldization, McDonaldization, Glocalization, and Glocalization, and RegionalizationRegionalization

McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant – efficiency, calculability, and predictability – are coming to dominate the world. McDonaldization extends Weber’s concept of rationalization, the application of the most efficient means to achieve given ends.

Glocalization refers to the simultaneous homogenization of some aspects of life and the strengthening of some local differences under the impact of globalization.

Regionalization refers to the division of the world into different and often competing economic, political, and cultural areas

The Regionalization of World The Regionalization of World TradeTrade

This graphic illustratesthe network of worldtrade in 1992. Thethickness of lines showsthe volume of tradebetween countries. Colors distinguish regional trading blocs. Note that most world trade took place within regional tradingblocs, with the UnitedStates, Germany, and Japan at the centerof each of the threemain blocs. (Note: The graphic does not includeChina, which has become the centre of a fourth trading bloc since the early 90s.)

Neoliberal GlobalizationNeoliberal Globalization

Neoliberal globalization is a policy that promotes private control of industry, minimal government interference in the running of the economy, the removal of taxes, tariffs, and restrictive regulations that discourage the international buying and selling of goods and services, and the encouragement of foreign investment.

Aid to Developing Countries as Aid to Developing Countries as a Percentage of Gross a Percentage of Gross

Domestic Product, OECD Domestic Product, OECD Countries, 2009Countries, 2009

5 countriesabove line

20 countriesbelow line

Level recommended by United NationsAid as percentageof GDP

Towards Democratic Towards Democratic GlobalizationGlobalization

Increase foreign aid to level recommended by UN

Cancel poor countries’ debt.

Eliminate tariff barriers in rich countries.

Support democracy in the developing world.