1

SECTION A

[60 Marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

The time suggested to complete this section is 90 minutes.

1.Table 1 shows the proton number and nucleon number for atoms P, Q, R and S.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom P, Q, R dan S.

Atom

P

Q

R

S

Proton number

6

6

11

12

Nucleon number

12

14

24

24

Table 1

a)What is meant by proton number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton?

.....

[1 mark]

b)Determine the number of neutrons in the following atoms.

Tentukan bilangan neutron bagi atom-atom berikut.

P = Q = .................................................

[2 marks]

c)Write the symbol for atom Q in the form of .

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Q dalam bentuk .....

[1 mark]

d)For atom S,

Bagi atom S,

i)Write the electron arrangement.

Tuliskan susunan elektron.

..........................................

[1 mark ]

ii)State the number of valence electron.

Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens.

....

........... ..

[1 mark]

e)(i)Which atoms are isotopes?

Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop?

.... [1 mark ]

(ii)Expalin your answer in 1 (e) (i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di 1 (e) (i).

...........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(iii)State one uses of the isotopes in 1 (e) (i) which is radioactive.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan isotop 1 (e) (i) yang bersifat radioaktif.

...........................................................................................................................................

[1 marks]

2.Diagram 1 (a) and 1 (b) shows the electron arrangement of a compound formed between element X and element Y and element R and element Q.

Rajah 1 (a) dan1 (b) menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur X dan Y dan unsur R dan unsur Q.

Diagram 1 (a)

Diagram 1 (b)

(a)Write the formula of the compound formed between elementTulis formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur

(i)X and Y : ...........................................

(ii)R and Q : ............................................

[2 marks]

(b)State whether the compound formed in Diagram 1 (a) and Diagram 1 (b) is ionic or covalent.Nyatakan sama ada sebatian yang terbentuk dalam Rajah 1(a) dan Rajah 1 (b) ialah ionik atau kovalen.

(i)Diagram 1 (a) : ..............................

(ii)Diagram 1 (b) : .............................

[2 marks]

(c)The compounds formed in Diagram 1 (a) and 1 (b) have different physical properties.

Compare the differences between two compounds based on

Sebatian dalam Rajah 1(a) dan 1 (b) mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza.

Bandingkan perbezaan antara kedua-dua sebatian itu berdasarkan

(i)melting and boiling pointt / takat lebur dan takat didih...........................................................................................................................................

(ii)electrical conductivity / kekonduksian elektrik.......................................................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(d)Based on Diagram 1 (b), explain how the compound is formed.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1 (b), terangkan bagaimana sebatian itu terbentuk......................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]

(e)Name another compound which has same type of bond in Diagram 1 (a).

Namakan sebatian lain yang mempunyai jenis ikatan yang sama dalam Rajah 1 (a).

...................................................................................................................................................

[1mark]

3.Diagram 2 shows the set -up apparatus of an experiment to determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum (II) oksida.

Diagram 2

(a)State the function of the anhydrous calcium chloride.

Nyatakan fungsi kalsium klorida terhidrat.

.............

[1 mark]

(b)Name one suitable metal and acid are used to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory.

Namakan satu logam dan asid yang sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan gas hidrogen dalam makmal.

Metal : .................................. Acid : .......................................

[2 marks]

(c)Table 1 shows the results of an experiment carried out by a student.

Jadual 1 menunjkkan keputusan eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh pelajar.Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish

Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin30.24 g

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper (II) oxide

Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum (II) oksida32.26 g

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper

Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum31.86 g

Table 2

(i)Based on Table 2, calculate the mass of copper and oxygen.Berdasarkan Jadual 1, hitung bilangan mol bagi kuprum dan oksigen.Mass of copper Mass of oxygen

[2 marks]

(ii)Based on answer in c (i), complete the table to determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide.

Berdasarkan jawapan di c (i), lengkapkan jadual untuk tentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum (II) oksida.

[Relative atomic mass : Cu = 64, O = 16]

Element

UnsurCu

O

No. of mol

Bilangan molSimplest ratio of mol

Nisbah mol teringkasEmpirical formula

Formula empirik[3 marks]

(d)Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occur.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang terjadi.

.

[2 marks]

(e)Name another metal oxide that uses the same method to determine the empirical formula.

Namakan logam oksida lain yang boleh menggunakan kaedah sama untuk menentukan formula empirik.

...

[1 mark]

4.Diagram 3 shows the set up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution using electrode carbon.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida 2.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan elektrod karbon.

Diagram 3

(a)(i)State all ions present in sodium chloride solution.

Nyatakan semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan natrium klorida.

...........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii)The gas collected at electrode X decolourises a damp blue litmus paper.

Name the gas.

Gas yang terkumpul pada elektrod X melunturkan kertas litmus biru lembap.

Namakan gas itu.

...........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b)By referring to Diagram 3,

Dengan merujuk kepada Rajah 3.

(i)Which electrode is the cathode?

Elektrod yang manakah merupakan katod?

..........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii)Write the half-equation for the the reaction reaction at the cathode?

Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di katod?

........................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(iii)Describe a test to identify the gas collected at the cathode...

Huraikan satu ujian untuk mengenalpasti gas yang terkumpul di katod.

........................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]

(c)The experiment is repeated by using 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution.

Eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan natrium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3.

(i)Name the ion that is selectively discharged at the anode.

Namakan ion yang didiscas secara pilihan di anod.

...........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii)Give reason for your answer in (c)(i).

Beri alasan bagi jawapan anda di (c)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

(iii)Name the gas collected at the anode.

Namakan gas yang terkumpul di anod.

........................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

5.Table 3 shows a proton number of elements in Periodic Table of Elements.Jadual 3 menunjukkan bilangan proton bagi unsur-unsur dalam Jadual berkala Unsur.Element

P

Q

R

S

T

U

VProton number

8

10

11

12

13

17

19

Table 3

(a)Which element is a halogen?

Unsur yang manakah adalah halogen?

...................................................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b)Which elements that form amphoteric oxides.

Nyatakan unsur yang membentuk oksida amfoterik...

[1 mark]

(c)State the group and period of elements V.

Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi unsur v.

Group : Period : .........................................[1 marks]

(d)Arrange P, R, T and V according to the increases in size of the atoms.

Susun P, R, T dan V mengikut pertambahan saiz atom.

..

[1 mark]

(e)Explain why element Q exists as a monoatomic atom?Terangkan mengapa unsur Q wujud sebagai gas monoatom.

..

.

[2 marks]

(f) Reaction between solid P and oxygen gas produced white solid metal oxide.

Write a chemical equation for the reaction.

Tindak balas antara pepejal P dan gas oksigen menghasilkan pepejal putih logam oksida.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

.....................................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(g)Solid Q is a compound of element P. Solid Q has a melting point of 850C and boiling point of 1500C. A boiling tube containing solid Q is heated at room temperature until 1800C.

Pepejal Q ialah satu sebatian daripada unsur P. Pepejal Q mempunyai takat lebur pada 850C dan takat didih pada 1500C. Sebuah tabung didih yang mengandungi pepejal Q telah dipanaskan daripada suhu bilik hingga 1800C.

(i)

Sketch a graph of temperature against time during the heating.

Lakarkan satu graf suhu melawan masa bagi pemanasan tersebut.

[2 marks]

(ii)

Draw the arrangement of particles of substance Q at 500C.

Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah bahan Q pada suhu 500C.

[1 mark]

6.Table 6 shows the pH values V, W, X, Y and Z with a concentration of 0.1 mol dm-3.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan nilai-nilai pH bagi larutan-larutan V, W, X, Y dan Z yang mempunyai kepekatan 0.1 mol dm-3.

Solution

LarutanV

W

X

Y

Z

pH value

Nilai pH1

4

7

10

13

Table 6

(a)Based on Table 6, state which solution is

Berdasarkan Jadual 6, nyatakan larutan yang manakah adalah

(i)

neutral : ...............................................................................

(ii)

alkaline : ...............................................................................

[2 mark]

(b)State which solution contains

Nyatakan larutan yang manakah mengandungi

(i)

the highest concentration of hydrogen ion.

kepekatan ion hidrogen yang paling tinggi.

...................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii)

the highest concentration of hydroxide ion.

kepekatan ion hidroksida yang paling tinggi.

..................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(c)(i)

Give an example of solution V.

Berikan satu contoh larutan V.

....................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii)

Give one chemical property of solution V.

Berikan satu sifat kimia bagi larutan V.

....................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(d)(i)

Give one example of solution Z.

Berikan satu contoh larutan Z.

....................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii)

Distilled water is added to 20.0 cm3 of solution Z to make 100.0 cm3 of solution. Calculate the new concentration of solution Z.

Air suling telah dicampurkan kepada 20.0 cm3 larutan Z untuk dijadikan 100.0 cm3 larutan. Hitung kepekatan yang baru bagi larutan Z.

[2 marks]

SECTION B

[20 marks]

Answer any one question from this section.

7.Table 7.0 shows the result of the experiment to investigate the hardness of copper and bronze.

Jadual 7.0 menunujukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kekerasan kuprum dan gangsa.

Type of block

Jenis bongkahDiameter of dent, cm

Diameter lekuk, cmCopper / Kuprum0.5

Bronze/ Gangsa0.2

Table 7.0

(a)(i)

Based on the result of the experiment, compare the hardness between copper and bronze.

Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen, bandingkan kekerasan di antara kuprum dan gangsa.

[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain the difference in hardness between copper and bronze.

Terangkan perbezaan kekerasan antara kuprum dan gangsa.

[4 marks]

(iii)

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement of atoms in copper and bronze.

Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan atom dalam kuprum dan gangsa.

[3 marks]

(b)List three aims of alloying.

Senaraikan tiga tujuan pengaloian.

[3 marks]

(c)Diagram 7.1 shows the flow chart for the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid and the production of three types of fertilizer.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan carta alir bagi pembuatan asid sulfurik secara industri dan penghasilan tiga jenis baja, baja Y , ammonium nitrat dan urea.

Diagram 7

(i)

Based on step I to step IV , describe briefly the industrial production of sulphuric acid.

Berdasarkan langkah I hingga langkah IV , huraikan secara ringkas penghasilan asid sulfurik secara industri

[4 mark]

(ii)

The conversion of sulphur dioxide to substance X is very slow and the percentage of conversion is also very low.

State three ways to overcome this problem.

Penukaran sulfur dioksida kepada bahan X sangat perlahan dan peratus penukaran juga sangat rendah.

Nyatakan tiga cara untuk mengatasi masalah ini.

[3 marks]

(iii)

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sulphuric acid and ammonia to produce fertilizer Y.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara asid sulfurik dan ammonia untuk menghasilkan baja Y. [2 marks]

8.(a)Diagram 8.0 shows three elements, B, C and D.

Rajah 8.0 menunjukkan tiga unsur , B, C dan D

Diagram 8.0

(i)What is meant by covalent bond?

Apakah dimaksudkan dengan ikatan kovalen?[4 marks]

(ii)By using the elements in Figure 7.0 describe the formation of

Dengan menggunakan unsur dalam Rajah 7.0 terangkan pembentukan

(a) ionic bond /ikatan ionik

(b) covalent bond /ikatan kovalen[13 marks]

(iii)State 3 differences between ionic compound and covalent compound

Nyatakan 3 perbezaan antara sebatian ionik dan sebatian kovalen

[3 marks]

(b)Diagram 8.1 shows electron arrangement of a compound formed by atom K and L .

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi satu sebatian yang dibentuk oleh atom

K dan L.

Dagram 8.1

(i)Atom L become positively charge ion, explain why

Atom L menjadi ion bercas positif, terangkan kenapa.

[ 2 marks]

SECTION C

[20 marks]

Answer any one question from this section.

9.(a)Dilute ethanoic acid (vinegar) is electrolysed using carbon electrodes.

What is produced at the cathode?

Write a half-equation for the reaction.

Elektrolisis asid etanoik cair telah dijalankan menggunakan elektrod elektrod karbon.

Apakah yang terhasil di katod.

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas tersebut. [2 marks]

(b)Diagram 9 shows two types of cells.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.

Diagram 9

(b)Compare and contrast cell A and cell B.

Include in your answer the observations and half equations for the reactions at the electrodes in both cells.

Banding dan bezakan sel A dan sel B.

Sertakan dalam jawapan anda pemerhatian dan setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas di elektrod-elektrod kedua-dua sel. [8 marks]

(c)A student intends to electroplate an iron ring with silver.

Seorang pelajar ingin menyadur cincin besi dengan argentum.

(i)

State two purposes of electroplating

Nyatakan dua tujuan penyaduran. [2 marks]

(ii)

Design a laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron ring.

Rancangkan satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyadur cincin besi tersebut. Your answer should consist of the following.

Procedures of the experiment.

A labelled diagram showing the set up of apparatus.

Half equations for the reactions at both electrodes.

Observations at both electrodes.

Jawapan anda hendaklah termasuk perkara-perkara berikut: Langkah-langkah eksperimen. Gambar rajah susunan radas berlabel. Setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di kedua-dua elektrod. Pemerhatian di kedua-dua elektrod.

[8 marks]

10.(a)State the meaning of salt.

Nyatakan maksud garam[1 mark]

(b)Describe an experiment to prepare a pure sample of copper(II) nitrate from copper(II)

oxide in the laboratory. In your answer, write down the chemical equation for the

reactions involved.

Terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyediakan garam kuprum(II) nitrat tulen dari

kuprum (II) oksida di dalam makmal, sertakan persamaan kimia dalam jawapan anda

untuk tindak balas yang terlibat.[13 marks]

(c)State three methods for preparing a soluble salt and give an example for each of the

method by writing the chemical equation.

Nyatakan kaedah penyediaan garam terlarutkan dan berikan contoh untuk setiap

kaedah dengan menuliskan persamaan kimianya.

[6 marks]

THE END

GOOD LUCK

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