slide 1 figure 7.1 page 111. slide 2 carbon dioxide, water are required carbon dioxide, water are...
TRANSCRIPT
Slide 1
Figure 7.1Page 111
Slide 2
Carbon dioxide,
water are required
Carbon dioxide,
water are released
Oxygen is released
Oxygen is
required
1) Water is split by light energy. Oxygen
escapes. Coenzymes pick up electrons, H+.
2) ATP energy drives synthesis of glucose from hydrogen and electrons, plus carbon and oxygen (from CO2).
ATP is available to drive cellular tasks
1) Glucose is degraded to CO2 and water. Coenzymes pick up electrons, hydrogen.
2) Coenzymes give up electrons, hydrogen to oxygen-requiring transfer chains that release energy to drive ATP formation.
Figure 7.2Page 112
Slide 3
12H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C2H12O6 + 6H2O
Water Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen Glucose Water
In-text figurePage 115
Slide 4
(see next slide)
upper leaf surface photosynthetic cells
Cutaway section of leaf
Stepped Art
Figure 7.3b,cPage 116
Slide 5
two outer membranes
inner membrane system(thylakoids connected by channels)
stroma
channel (see next slide)
stacked part of thylakoid membrane
Stepped Art
Figure 7.3d,ePage 116
Slide 6
CO2 H2O
carbohydrate end product(e.g., sucrose, starch, cellulose)
Light-Independent Reactions
glucoseP
ADP + Pi
ATP
NADPHNADP+
e–
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
O
H+
compartment inside a thylakoidH2O
SUNLIGHT
Figure 7.3fPage 117
Slide 7
Products 6O2 C6H12O6 6H2O
Stepped Art
In-text figurePage 116
Reactants 12H2O 6CO2
Slide 8
sunlight water uptake carbon dioxide uptake
ATP
ADP + Pi
NADPH
NAD+
glucoseP
oxygen release
LIGHT INDEPENDENT
REACTIONS
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS
new water
In-text figurePage 117
Slide 9
nutrient cycling
energy output (mainly heat)
energy input
from sun
Heterotrophs(consumers, decomposers)
Photoautotrophs(plants, other producers)
Figure 7.4Page 118
Slide 10
High energy wavelength
Low energy wavelength
In-text figurePage 118
Slide 11
Wavelength of light (nanometers)
Figure 7.5aPage 118
Slide 12
per
cen
t o
f w
avel
eng
ths
abso
rbed
per
cen
t o
f w
avel
eng
ths
abso
rbed
wavelengths (nanometers)wavelengths (nanometers)
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll a
beta-carotenephycoerythrin (a phycobilin)
Figure 7.6a,bPage 119
Slide 13
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll a
carotenoids
phycoerythrin (a phycobilin)
(combined absorption efficiency across entire visible spectrum)
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
phycoerythrin (a phycobilin)
Figure 7.6cPage 119
Slide 14
Chlorophyll a
Beta-carotene
Figure 7.7Page 120
Slide 15
water-splitting complex thylakoid compartment
H2O 2H + 1/2O2
P680
acceptor
P700
acceptorpool of
electron carriers
stromaPHOTOSYSTEM II (light green)
PHOTOSYSTEM I (light green)
Figure 7.10Page 121
Slide 16
reaction center
incoming light
PHOTOSYSTEM
Figure 7.11Page 122
Slide 17
Electron flow through transfer chain sets up conditions for ATP
formation at other membrane sites.
electron acceptor electron
transferchain
e–
e–
e–
e–
ATP
Figure 7.12Page 122
Slide 18
sunlight
photolysis
THYLAKOID COMPARTMENT
second electron transfer chain
H2O
NADP+ NADPH
e–
ATP
ATP SYNTHASE
PHOTOSYSTEM IPHOTOSYSTEM II ADP + Pi
e–
first electron transfer chain
STROMA
Figure 7.13aPage 123
Slide 19
Po
ten
tial
to
tra
nsf
er e
ner
gy
(vo
ids)
H2O 1/2 O2 + 2H+
(Photosystem II)
(Photosystem I)
e– e–
e–e–
secondtransfer
chain
NADPHfirst
transferchain
Figure 7.13bPage 123
Slide 20
ADP + Pi
ATP SYNTHASE
Gradients propel H+ through ATP synthases;ATP forms by phosphate-group transfer
ATP
H+ is shunted across membrane by some components of the first electron transfer chain
PHOTOSYSTEM II
H2Oe–
acceptor
Photolysis in the thylakoid compartment splits water
Stepped Art
Figure 7.15Page 124
Slide 21
12
12 NADPH
12PGAL
12 ADP12 Pi
12 NADP+
ATP
CARBON FIXATION6 CO2
66
RuBPunstable intermediate
ATP
6 ADP
6
4 Pi
P
10
glucose
PGAL2
Pi
P
PGAL
12PGA
CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE
Stepped Art
Figure 7.16Page 125
Slide 22
Leaf cross-section from C3 plant
upper epidermis
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
lower epidermis
stoma veinair space
Figure 7.17aPage 126
Do not post on Internet
Slide 23
6 PGA + 6 glycolate
6 PGAL
1 PGAL
Twelve turns of the cycle required to make one 8-carbon sugar
RUBP
Calvin-Benson Cycle
6 CO2
+ water
5 PGAL
Stomata closed: CO2 can’t get in; O2 can’t get out
Rubisco binds oxygen, not carbon dioxide
X
Photorespiration in a C3 plant Figure 7.18aPage 127
Slide 24
upper epidermis
mesophyll
bundle-sheath cell
lower epidermis
vein stoma (with air space above)
Leaf cross-section from C4 plant
Figure 7.17bPage 126Do not post
on Internet
Slide 25
oxaloacetate
malate
C4 cycle
pyruvateCO2
12 PGA
10 PGAL
2 PGAL
1 sugar
RuBP Calvin-Benson Cycle
mesophyll cell
bundle-sheath cell
12 PGAL
PEP
Stomata closed: CO2 can’t get in; O2 can’t get out X C4 carbon fixation
Figure 7.18bPage 127
Slide 26
CO2 uptake at night only
C4 cycle
Calvin-Benson Cycle
C4 cycle operates at night when stomata are open
1 sugar
CO2 that accumulated during night is used during day for C3 cycle in same cell
CAM plant
Figure 7.19Page 127