Slavery and Secession Chapter 10.4Ravana Hulko, Samantha Saylor, Courtney Bloemer, Chelsi Morey

1.Slavery Dominates Politics

A. Slavery dominates politics1.slavery related controversiesa. 1st arose in march 6th 1857

2.1856- Dred Scott (a slave from Missouri), Scott sued to gain his freedom

3.March 6th, 1857 Supreme Court chief justice Roger B. Taney handed down the decision

a. court ruled that slaves didn’t have the right of citizens4.court ruled the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional

Slavery Dominates Politics

a. northerners were shocked , and republicans got hope to still keep slavery in check

5. 1857 government at Lecompton, Kansas wrote constitution to free soldiers

     a. settlers rejected

6. President Buchanan made a decision and endorsed the proslavery Lecompton constitution

7. Democrat Stephen A. Douglas didn’t care whether slavery was voted up or down he cared about what was popular sovereignty

2.Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A. 1858 - race between democratic Douglas and Republican Abraham Lincoln for U.S. senate

1. Douglas was a 2 time senator

2. Lincoln was a self educated man, known as a lawyer and politician

B. Challenges

1. Lincoln tried to make Douglas

look like a defender of slavery and of the

Dred Scott decision

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

2.Douglas accused Lincoln of being an abolitionist and an advocate of racial equality

3. The Freeport doctrinea. Lincoln asked his opponent a question -could settlers of a

territory vote to exclude slavery before the territory became a state?b. Douglas's response to Lincoln became known as the Freeport

doctrinec. free soldiersd. Douglas won senate seat

3.Passions Ignite

A. Back round    1. “god's angry man,” John Brown, reemerged on the scene and ended all hopes of compromise over slavery between the north and the southB. Harpers Ferry    1. Politicians debated the slavery issue    2. John Brown studied the slave uprising that occurred in Ancient Rome and on the French Islands of Haiti 3. Brown secretly obtained financial backing from several prominent northern abolitionist  

Passions Ignite

4. October 16, 1859, he led a band of 21 men, black and white, into Harpers Ferry, Virginia

5. His goal was to seize the federal arsenal

there, distribute the captured arms to slaves

in the area, and start a general slave uprising

6. 60 held hostage by Brown

7. Local troops killed 8 of Brown’s men

    8. Brown was turned over to Virginia to be

tried for treason

Passion IgnitesC. John Brown’s hanging     1. December 2,1859, Brown was hanged for high treason in the presence of federal troops and a crowd of curious observers    2. Northerners expressed admiration for him and his cause    3. Southerners outraged mobs assaulted whites who were suspected of holding antislavery views

4. Lincoln Is Elected PresidentA. Despite the tide of hostility that now flowed between the North and the South, the Republic Party eagerly waited his its presidential convention in May 1860

1. Almost everyone believed that the party’s candidate would be Senator William H. Seward of New YorkB. The Republic Convention

1. Took place in Chicago2. The convection opened up to delegates, newsmen, and spectators3. The first day of the convention was passed: Forming committees,

Listening prayers, and Gossiping about politics

Lincoln Is Elected President

C. Seward and Lincoln

1.Senator William H. Seward

a. The credential of having led anti-slavery forces in congress

b. The financial support of NY political organizations

2. Abraham Lincoln

a. Seemed more moderate in his appearance

b. He was relatively unknown

c. Did not have enough to offend his fellow republicans

Lincoln is Elected PresidentD. The election of 1860

1. Three major candidates: Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and Abraham Lincoln

2. Lincoln emerged as the winner

5.Southern Secession

A. Lincoln’s victory convinced southerners that they had lost their political voice in the nation government

1. Fearful of northern republicans would submit to the south to what noted Virginia agriculturist Edmund Ruffin

a. South states decide to act 1. Seceding from the union on December 20, 1860 2. “States rights!” meant the complete independence

of southern states from federal government control 3. Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had also

seceded

Southern Secession B. The Shaping Of The Confederacy 1. On February 4, 1861, delegates from the secessionist states met in Montgomery, Alabama

a. Form the Confederacy or Confederate States of America2. The confederate constitution closely resembled that of the U.S.

a. Stressed “protected & recognized” and sovereign & independence

b. Jefferson Davis was nominated as president of the confederate constitution convention

Southern SecessionC. The Calm Before The Storm

1. 7 slave states seceded and formed a new nation 2. 8 slave states remained within the Union 3. Washington, D.C. was very much a southern city

a. There were secessionists in Congress 1. In all of the departments including the

Presidents cabinetsb. Mass resignations took placec. Some questioned if the federal government

was fading away