Texas SecessionTexas Secession

Governor Houston’s Governor Houston’s Response to SecessionResponse to Secession Sam Houston tried his best to prevent Sam Houston tried his best to prevent

secessionsecession.. Sam Houston even hoped that Texas would Sam Houston even hoped that Texas would

remain remain independentindependent instead of joining the instead of joining the Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America..

March 16, the Secession Convention required all March 16, the Secession Convention required all government officials to take a new government officials to take a new oathoath to to pledge their pledge their loyaltyloyalty to the Confederacy. to the Confederacy.

When Sam Houston was called to take the oath, When Sam Houston was called to take the oath, he remained he remained quietquiet and the office of governor of and the office of governor of Texas was declared Texas was declared vacantvacant..

Sam Houston remained in his “steamboat Sam Houston remained in his “steamboat house” until his house” until his deathdeath in July of 1863. in July of 1863.

Sam Houston’s Sam Houston’s Steamboat HouseSteamboat House

Advantages vs. Advantages vs. DisadvantagesDisadvantages

The South:The South: 1111 states - 9 million states - 9 million

people people ArmyArmy- 600,000 -- 600,000 -

1,500,000 total1,500,000 total No real No real NavyNavy SuperiorSuperior military leaders military leaders Strong Strong motivationmotivation Fighting on Fighting on homehome

groundground Fighting for Fighting for States’States’

RightsRights and Slavery and Slavery

The North:The North: 2323 states – 22 million states – 22 million

peoplepeople ArmyArmy- 2 million - 2 million NavyNavy - 671 ships - 671 ships Superior leadership - Superior leadership -

LincolnLincoln Military powerMilitary power IndustrialIndustrial power power ¾¾ more railroads more railroads WeakWeak motivation motivation Far from Far from homehome

Leaders of the ArmyLeaders of the Army

The Confederates:The Confederates:

General General Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

The Union:The Union:

General General Ulysses S. Ulysses S. GrantGrant

Texans Fight for the Texans Fight for the Confederacy Confederacy

Francis R. Francis R. LubbockLubbock was was elected as the new elected as the new ConfederateConfederate Governor of Governor of Texas.Texas.

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis was the was the new elected new elected PresidentPresident of of the Confederate States of the Confederate States of America.America.

Plan: Plan: removeremove all U.S. all U.S. (federal) troops from Texas (federal) troops from Texas and other Confederate and other Confederate states.states. U.S. troops at U.S. troops at Fort SumterFort Sumter

refused to leave, and so began refused to leave, and so began the war on April 21, 1861.the war on April 21, 1861.

Military Strength of Military Strength of TexasTexas

60,000 to 70,000 men 60,000 to 70,000 men volunteervolunteer to fight for the to fight for the Confederacy.Confederacy.

By 1862, 32 companies had been organized By 1862, 32 companies had been organized with with Texas fightersTexas fighters. .

Texas BrigadeTexas Brigade Sent to Virginia to fightSent to Virginia to fight Later named Later named Hood’s Texas BrigadeHood’s Texas Brigade in honor of in honor of

their first commander, their first commander, John Bell HoodJohn Bell Hood.. General Lee called these men “General Lee called these men “my Texansmy Texans.”.”

Military Strength in Military Strength in TexasTexas

Terry’s Texas RangersTerry’s Texas Rangers Commanded by General Benjamin Frank TerryCommanded by General Benjamin Frank Terry

Ross’ BrigadeRoss’ Brigade Commanded by General Lawrence “Sul” RossCommanded by General Lawrence “Sul” Ross

Many Texans who fought in the war fought for Many Texans who fought in the war fought for the Army of the Army of NorthernNorthern Virginia, the Army of Virginia, the Army of TennesseeTennessee, or the Army of the Trans-, or the Army of the Trans-Mississippi.Mississippi.

Generals Generals Albert Sidney JohnstonAlbert Sidney Johnston and and Ben Ben McCullochMcCulloch led their troops until each bravely led their troops until each bravely fell during battle. fell during battle.

Sending More Troops to Sending More Troops to FightFight

Once the volunteers stopped signing up to Once the volunteers stopped signing up to fight, the fight, the ConfederacyConfederacy needed more troops. needed more troops.

The Confederacy began a The Confederacy began a draftdraft requiring men requiring men to to serveserve in the military. in the military. This draft This draft angeredangered many people many people Soldiers who volunteered did not Soldiers who volunteered did not trusttrust the men who the men who

were were forcedforced to fight. to fight. The draft law allowed for men who owned 20 or The draft law allowed for men who owned 20 or

more slaves to more slaves to staystay at home instead of fight. at home instead of fight. The draft also The draft also threatenedthreatened cotton production. How? cotton production. How?

Military Affairs in TexasMilitary Affairs in Texas

Most of the fighting in Texas centered on Most of the fighting in Texas centered on Confederate efforts to keep the Confederate efforts to keep the Gulf CoastGulf Coast ports open. ports open.

““StorehouseStorehouse of the Confederacy” of the Confederacy” Texas provided Texas provided weaponsweapons, food and horses for the , food and horses for the

war effort.war effort.

No No majormajor battles were fought in Texas, battles were fought in Texas, however, several important however, several important eventsevents took place took place on the coast or near the state on the coast or near the state borderborder..

Battle of Battle of Galveston Galveston IslandIsland President Lincoln had ordered a President Lincoln had ordered a blockadeblockade of of

Southern ports to stop the shipment of supplies.Southern ports to stop the shipment of supplies. GalvestonGalveston was one of the most important ports was one of the most important ports

in Texas.in Texas. Union troops Union troops capturedcaptured the island. the island. ConfederateConfederate General Magruder launched an General Magruder launched an

attack to retake the island on January 1, 1863. attack to retake the island on January 1, 1863. Soldiers sailed to the island on Soldiers sailed to the island on cottoncladscottonclads, or , or

flatbottom boats lined with cotton bales to protect the flatbottom boats lined with cotton bales to protect the soldiers from soldiers from bulletsbullets..

Confederate troops took over Galveston Island and Confederate troops took over Galveston Island and they remained in they remained in controlcontrol until the end of the war. until the end of the war.

Freedom!Freedom!

On January 1, 1863, Lincoln signed the On January 1, 1863, Lincoln signed the ““Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation.” .”

It said “…all persons held as slaves It said “…all persons held as slaves within any state…in within any state…in rebellionrebellion against the against the United States, shall be then, United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever thenceforward, and forever freefree.”.”

Other Texas Military Other Texas Military CampaignsCampaigns

On September 8, 1863, the battle of On September 8, 1863, the battle of Sabine Sabine PassPass took place. took place. Sabine Pass is a narrow Sabine Pass is a narrow channelchannel along the along the easterneastern

border of Texas.border of Texas. As As UnionUnion troops attempted to pass through the troops attempted to pass through the

channel, they were stopped by Lt. Dowling. channel, they were stopped by Lt. Dowling. Confederate troops Confederate troops firedfired upon the Union troops and upon the Union troops and

sanksank two ships. two ships. Confederates hailed the Confederates hailed the victoryvictory after their defeats after their defeats

at Gettysburg, PA and Vicksburg, MS.at Gettysburg, PA and Vicksburg, MS.

Battle of Mansfield, Battle of Mansfield, LouisianaLouisiana

General Banks tried to bring troops into Texas General Banks tried to bring troops into Texas by going up the by going up the MississippiMississippi River and across River and across the the RedRed River. River. His goal: cut off the His goal: cut off the railroadsrailroads leading to and from leading to and from

Texas Texas Confederate soldiers were waiting on the Union Confederate soldiers were waiting on the Union

soldiers and soldiers and firedfired upon sight. upon sight. Confederates Confederates winwin the battle and force the the battle and force the

Union troops to Union troops to retreatretreat. . Texas was now Texas was now safesafe from invasion. from invasion.

Surrender!Surrender!

On On April 9, 1865April 9, 1865, General Lee and his , General Lee and his troops surrender to General Grant at troops surrender to General Grant at Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse in Virginia. in Virginia.

Terms of Terms of surrendersurrender:: Rebels had to Rebels had to laylay down their arms down their arms Could Could notnot join military again join military again There would be no There would be no jailingjailing or or hanginghanging South would South would notnot be punished be punished The War is over!...or is it??The War is over!...or is it??

Battle of Palmito RanchBattle of Palmito Ranch

The The lastlast land battle of the Civil War. land battle of the Civil War. Fought on March 12, 1865, about one month Fought on March 12, 1865, about one month

after the official after the official surrendersurrender of the of the Confederacy.Confederacy.

Unaware the war was over, Unaware the war was over, UnionUnion forces forces fired upon the Confederate forces in what fired upon the Confederate forces in what became a became a skirmishskirmish at at PalmitoPalmito Ranch. Ranch.

Although the Confederates Although the Confederates wonwon this this battle, they had already battle, they had already lostlost the war. the war.

Exit TicketExit Ticket

1.1. Who was the Confederate General?Who was the Confederate General?

2.2. Who was the Union General?Who was the Union General?

3.3. Who was the Confederate President?Who was the Confederate President?

4.4. Who was the Union President?Who was the Union President?

Exit TicketExit Ticket

1.1. Where did most of the fighting in Texas Where did most of the fighting in Texas Occur (what areas of the state)?Occur (what areas of the state)?

2.2. What did Texas provide the War effort What did Texas provide the War effort (what items)?(what items)?

3.3. The Union captured, and lost, ______ The Union captured, and lost, ______ port. The busiest port in Texas.port. The busiest port in Texas.

4.4. Why did Sam Houston Refuse to Why did Sam Houston Refuse to continue serving as Texas Governor?continue serving as Texas Governor?