7/30/2019 sky bural

1/11

1

We will explain the unique funeral and the spooky in Tibet what called sky burial.

And this our presentesent ,,,,ang give oplos for as

kita akan presentasikan sebuah pemakaman yang sangat seram dan mengerikan,,,, kenapa disebut

penguburan langit karena disana tanahnya yang penuh dengan bebatuan dan disana minim bahan bakar

seperti kayu,,,,akhirnya pemakaman tersebut dengan menyedekahkan mayat kepada burung dan

tulang-tulangnya dibuat sebagai alat seperti terompet oleh masyarakat setempat,,,,,

we will be presenting a very spooky cemetery and terrible,,,,

Sky burial, or ritual dissection, is a funerary practice in Tibet,,, The majority of Tibetans adhere to

Buddhism, which teaches rebirth. There is no need to preserve the body, as it is now an empty vessel.

Birds may eat it, or nature may let it decompose. So the function of the sky burial is simply to dispose of

the remains.

why are they called sky burial because there are land filled with rocks and there were minimal fuel such

as wood,, eventually menyedekahkan cemetery with the bodies to the birds and the bones were made

as tools such as the trumpet by the local people,,,,,

The customs are first recorded in an indigenous 12th century Buddhist treatise, which is colloquially

known as theBook of the Dead(Bardo Thodol).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_%28Buddhism%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_Thodolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_Thodolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_%28Buddhism%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissection

7/30/2019 sky bural

2/11

2

SKY BURIAL (PEMAKAMAN LANGIT)

Sky burial, or ritual dissection, is a funerary practice in Tibet, wherein a human corpse is incised

in certain locations and placed on a mountaintop, exposing it to the elements (mahabhuta) and

animalsespecially predatory birds. The locations of preparation and sky burial are understood

in the Vajrayana traditions as charnel grounds. In Tibet the practice is known asjhator(Tibetan: , Wylie:bya gtor), which means "giving alms to the birds."

Sky pemakaman, atau diseksi ritual, adalah praktik penguburan di Tibet, dimana mayat manusia

menorehkan di lokasi tertentu dan ditempatkan di puncak gunung, memperlihatkan kepada

unsur-unsur (mahabhuta) dan hewan - terutama burung pemangsa. Lokasi-lokasi persiapan dan

pemakaman langit dipahami dalam tradisi Vajrayana sebagai dasar kuburan. Di Tibet praktek

dikenal sebagai jhator (Tibet: , Wylie: bya gtor), yang berarti "memberi sedekahkepada burung-burung."

The majority of Tibetans adhere to Buddhism, which teaches rebirth. There is no need to

preserve the body, as it is now an empty vessel. Birds may eat it, or nature may let it decompose.

So the function of the sky burial is simply to dispose of the remains. In much of Tibet, theground is too hard and rocky to dig a grave, and, due to the scarcity of fuel and timber, skyburials are often more practical than cremation. High lamas and some other dignitaries may

receive burials so as to honor them in death, but sky burials were standard practice for

commoners.

Mayoritas Tibet mematuhi ajaran Buddha, yang mengajarkan kelahiran kembali. Tidak perlu

untuk menjaga tubuh, seperti sekarang sebuah kapal kosong. Burung dapat memakannya, ataualam dapat membiarkannya membusuk. Jadi fungsi dari pemakaman langit hanya untuk

membuang sisa-sisa. Di sebagian besar Tibet, tanah terlalu keras dan berbatu untuk menggali

kuburan, dan, karena kelangkaan bahan bakar dan kayu, pemakaman langit seringkali lebih

praktis daripada kremasi. Lama tingkat tinggi dan beberapa pejabat lainnya dapat menerimapenguburan sehingga menghormati mereka dalam kematian, namun pemakaman langit adalah

praktik standar untuk rakyat jelata.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabhutahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabhutahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabhutahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds_of_preyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charnel_groundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_%28Buddhism%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_%28burial%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_%28burial%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_%28Buddhism%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charnel_groundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds_of_preyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabhutahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissection

7/30/2019 sky bural

3/11

3

History and development

The Tibetan sky-burials appear to have evolved from ancient practices of defleshing corpses asdiscovered in archeological finds in the region. These practices most likely came out of practical

considerations, but they could also be related to more ceremonial practices similar to the

suspected sky burial evidence found at Gbekli Tepe (11,500 years before present) andStonehenge (4,500 years bp).[citation needed] Most of Tibet is above the tree line, and the scarcity of

timber makes cremation economically unfeasible. Additionally, subsurface interment is difficult

since the active layer is not more than a few centimeters deep, with solid rock or permafrostbeneath the surface.

Sejarah dan perkembanganTibet langit-penguburan tampaknya telah berevolusi dari praktek-praktek kuno mayat defleshing

sebagaimana ditemukan dalam penemuan arkeologi di wilayah tersebut. Praktek ini

kemungkinan besar keluar dari pertimbangan praktis, tetapi mereka juga bisa akan terkait dengan

praktek-praktek yang lebih seremonial mirip dengan bukti pemakaman langit diduga ditemukan

di Gobekli Tepe (11.500 tahun sebelum sekarang), dan Stonehenge (4.500 tahun bp). [rujukan?]Sebagian besar Tibet berada di atas garis pohon, dan kelangkaan kayu membuat ekonomis tidak

layak kremasi. Selain itu, pemakaman bawah permukaan sulit karena lapisan aktif tidak lebihdari beberapa sentimeter mendalam, dengan batuan padat atau permafrost di bawah permukaan.

The customs are first recorded in an indigenous 12th century Buddhist treatise, which iscolloquially known as theBook of the Dead(Bardo Thodol). Tibetan tantricism appears to have

influenced the procedure. Dissection occurs according to instructions given by a lama or tantric

adept.

Adat istiadat yang pertama dicatat dalam abad ke-12 sebuah risalah asli Buddha, yang bahasa

sehari-hari dikenal sebagai Kitab Dissection Mati (Bardo Thodol) tantricism Tibet tampaknyatelah mempengaruhi prosedur.. terjadi sesuai dengan instruksi yang diberikan oleh seorang lamaatau tantra mahir.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_presenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehengehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_Thodolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_Thodolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehengehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_presenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe

7/30/2019 sky bural

4/11

4

Purpose and meaning

"Sky burial and open cremation may initially appear grotesque for Westerners, especially if theyhave not reflected on their own burial practice[s]. For Tibetan Buddhists, sky burial and

cremation are templates of instructional teaching on the impermanence of life."

Jhatoris considered an act of generosity on the part of the deceased, since the deceased and

his/her surviving relatives are providing food to sustain living beings. Generosity andcompassion for all beings are important virtues orparamitain Buddhism. Although some

observers have suggested thatjhatoris also meant to unite the deceased person with the sky or

sacred realm, this does not seem consistent with most of the knowledgeable commentary and

eyewitness reports, which indicate that Tibetans believe that at this point life has completely leftthe body and the body contains nothing more than simple flesh.

The government of the People's Republic of China, which has controlled Tibet since 1950,prohibited the practice (which it considered barbaric) in the 1960s but started to allow it again in

the 1980s. People who do not know the deceased usually do not observe it, and directphotography is considered unethical, offensive and is generally forbidden.

[citation needed]

Ajhatorwas filmed, with permission from the family, for Frederique Darragon's documentary

Secret Towers of the Himalayas, which aired on the Science Channel in Fall 2008. The camerawork was deliberately careful to never show the body itself, while documenting the procedure,

birds, and tools.

Tujuan dan makna"Sky penguburan dan kremasi terbuka pada awalnya mungkin tampak aneh untuk Barat,

terutama jika mereka belum tercermin pada praktik pemakaman mereka sendiri [s] Untuk

Buddha Tibet,. Langit pemakaman dan kremasi adalah template pengajaran instruksional padaketidakkekalan hidup."

Jhator dianggap sebagai tindakan kemurahan hati pada bagian almarhum, karena almarhum dan /

nya kerabatnya yang masih hidup menyediakan makanan untuk mempertahankan makhlukhidup. Kemurahan hati dan belas kasih untuk semua makhluk adalah kebajikan penting atau

paramita dalam Buddhisme. Meskipun beberapa pengamat mengatakan bahwa jhator juga

dimaksudkan untuk menyatukan orang yang meninggal dengan langit atau alam sakral, hal initampaknya tidak konsisten dengan sebagian besar komentar berpengetahuan dan laporan saksi

mata, yang menunjukkan bahwa orang Tibet percaya bahwa pada titik ini kehidupan telah benar-

benar meninggalkan tubuh dan tubuh berisi tidak lebih dari daging yang sederhana.

Pemerintah Republik Rakyat China, yang telah dikendalikan Tibet sejak tahun 1950, melarang

praktik (yang dianggap barbar) pada tahun 1960, tetapi mulai untuk memungkinkan lagi pada1980-an . Orang yang tidak tahu almarhum biasanya tidak mengamatinya, dan fotografi langsung

dianggap tidak etis, ofensif dan umumnya dilarang [rujukan?].

Jhator Seorang difilmkan, dengan izin dari keluarga, untuk Towers dokumenter FrederiqueDarragon Rahasia dari Himalaya, yang ditayangkan di Channel Sains pada musim gugur 2008.

Pekerjaan Kamera itu sengaja berhati-hati untuk tidak pernah menunjukkan tubuh itu sendiri,

sementara mendokumentasikan prosedur, burung, dan alat-alat.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impermanencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederique_Darragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Towers_of_the_Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Towers_of_the_Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Towers_of_the_Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederique_Darragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impermanence

7/30/2019 sky bural

5/11

5

Vajrayana iconography

The tradition and custom of thejhatorafforded Traditional Tibetan medicine andthangkaiconography with a particular insight into the interior workings of the human body. Pieces of the

human skeleton were employed in ritual tools such as the skullcup, thigh-bone trumpet, etc.

The 'symbolic bone ornaments' (Skt: ahiamudr; Tib: rus pa'i rgyanl phyag rgya) are also

known as "mudra" or 'seals'. TheHevajra Tantraidentifies the Symbolic Bone Ornaments withthe Five Wisdoms and Jamgon Kongtrul in his commentary to theHevajra Tantra explains this

further.

SettingA traditionaljhatoris performed in specified locations in Tibet (and surrounding areas

traditionally occupied by Tibetans). Drigung Monastery is one of the three most importantjhator

sites.

The procedure takes place on a large flat rock long used for the purpose. The charnel ground

(durtro) is always higher than its surroundings. It may be very simple, consisting only of the flatrock, or it may be more elaborate, incorporating temples and stupa (chorten in Tibetan).

Relatives may remain nearby during thejhator, possibly in a place where they cannot see itdirectly. Thejhatorusually takes place at dawn.

The fulljhatorprocedure (as described below) is elaborate and expensive. Those who cannotafford it simply place their deceased on a high rock where the body decomposes or is eaten by

birds and animals.

Vajrayana ikonografi

Tradisi dan kebiasaan jhator yang diberikan obat tradisional Tibet dan ikonografi thangka denganwawasan tertentu ke dalam kerja bagian dalam tubuh manusia. Potongan-potongan kerangka

manusia yang digunakan dalam alat-alat ritual seperti terompet, skullcup paha-tulang, dllThe 'ornamen tulang simbolis' (Skt: ahiamudr, Tib: rus pa'i rgyanl phyag rgya) juga dikenalsebagai "mudra" atau 'segel'. The Tantra Hevajra mengidentifikasi Ornamen Tulang simbolik

dengan Lima Wisdoms dan Kongtrul Jamgon dalam komentarnya kepada Tantra Hevajramenjelaskan ini lebih lanjut .

SettingA jhator tradisional dilakukan di lokasi tertentu di Tibet (dan sekitarnya tradisional

ditempati oleh orang Tibet). Biara Drigung adalah salah satu dari tiga situs jhator paling penting.

Prosedur ini berlangsung di sebuah batu datar besar lama digunakan untuk tujuan tersebut. Tanahkuburan (durtro) selalu lebih tinggi dari sekitarnya. Ini mungkin sangat sederhana, hanya terdiri

dari batu datar, atau mungkin lebih rumit, menggabungkan candi dan stupa (Chorten di Tibet).Kerabat dekatnya mungkin tetap selama jhator, mungkin di tempat di mana mereka tidak bisamelihatnya secara langsung. Jhator ini biasanya terjadi pada waktu fajar.

Prosedur jhator penuh (seperti yang dijelaskan di bawah) adalah rumit dan mahal. Mereka yang

tidak mampu itu hanya menempatkan almarhum mereka pada batu tinggi di mana tubuh terurai

atau dimakan oleh burung-burung dan hewan.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thangkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thangkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thangkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeletonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanglinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hevajra_Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hevajra_Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hevajra_Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Wisdomshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamgon_Kongtrulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drigung_Monasteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drigung_Monasteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamgon_Kongtrulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Wisdomshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hevajra_Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanglinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeletonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thangkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine

7/30/2019 sky bural

6/11

6

Procedure

Accounts from observers vary. The following description is assembled from multiple accountsby observers from the U.S. and Europe. References appear at the end.

[edit] Participants

Prior to the procedure, monks may chant mantra around the body and burn juniper incensealthough ceremonial activities often take place on the preceding day.

The work of disassembling of the body may be done by a monk, or, more commonly, by

rogyapas ("body-breakers").

All the eyewitness accounts remarked on the fact that the rogyapas did not perform their taskwith gravity or ceremony, but rather talked and laughed as during any other type of physical

labor. According to Buddhist teaching, this makes it easier for the soul of the deceased to move

on from the uncertain plane between life and death onto the next life.

prosedurAccount dari pengamat bervariasi. Uraian berikut ini dirakit dari beberapa account olehpengamat dari Amerika Serikat dan Eropa. Referensi muncul di akhir.

[sunting] Peserta

Sebelum prosedur, biarawan mungkin mantra mantra seluruh tubuh dan membakar dupa juniper- meskipun kegiatan seremonial sering terjadi pada hari sebelumnya.

Pekerjaan pembongkaran tubuh dapat dilakukan oleh seorang biarawan, atau, lebih umum, oleh

rogyapas ("body-pelanggar").

Semua saksi mata mengatakan pada kenyataan bahwa rogyapas tidak melakukan tugas mereka

dengan gravitasi atau upacara, melainkan berbicara dan tertawa seperti pada jenis lain daripekerjaan fisik. Menurut ajaran Buddha, ini membuat lebih mudah bagi jiwa almarhum untuk

pindah dari pesawat pasti antara hidup dan mati ke kehidupan selanjutnya.

[edit] Disassembling the body

A body being prepared for Sky burial in Tibet.

Tubuh sedang dipersiapkan untuk pemakaman Sky di Tibet.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sky_burial&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism#Monasticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sky_burial&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skyburial.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sky_burial&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism#Monasticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sky_burial&action=edit&section=6

7/30/2019 sky bural

7/11

7

In most accounts, vultures are given the whole body. When only the bones remained, they arebroken up with mallets, ground with tsampa (barley flour with tea and yakbutter or milk), andgiven to crows and hawks that have waited until the vultures had departed.

In several accounts, the flesh was stripped from the bones and given to vultures without further

preparation; the bones then were broken up with sledgehammers, and usually mixed with tsampabefore being given to the vultures. Many rogyapa first feed the bones and cartilage to the

vultures, keeping the best flesh until last. After having had their fill of good quality meat, thebirds usually fly away - leaving the bones and less favored bits.

In one account, the leading rogyapa cut off the limbs and hacked the body to pieces, handingeach part to his assistants, who used rocks to pound the flesh and bones together to a pulp, which

they mixed with tsampa before the vultures were summoned to eat.

Dalam sebagian besar account, Hering diberikan seluruh tubuh. Ketika hanya tulang tetap,

mereka putus dengan palu, tanah dengan tsampa (barley tepung dengan teh dan mentega yak ataususu), dan diberikan kepada gagak dan elang yang telah menunggu sampai burung nasar telah

berangkat.

Pada beberapa akun, daging dilucuti dari tulang dan diberikan kepada burung nasar tanpa

persiapan lebih lanjut; tulang kemudian yang dipecah dengan palu godam, dan biasanyadicampur dengan tsampa sebelum diberikan kepada burung nasar. Rogyapa banyak pertama

memberi makan tulang dan tulang rawan terhadap burung pemakan bangkai, menjaga daging

terbaik sampai terakhir. Setelah mereka telah mengisi daging berkualitas baik, burung-burungbiasanya terbang jauh - meninggalkan tulang dan bit kurang disukai.

Dalam satu account, rogyapa terkemuka memotong anggota badan dan hack tubuh untuk

potongan, menyerahkan setiap bagian untuk asistennya, yang menggunakan batu untuk pon

daging dan tulang bersama-sama untuk bubur, yang mereka dicampur dengan tsampa sebelumburung nasar dipanggil ke makan.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsampahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsampa

7/30/2019 sky bural

8/11

8

Sometimes the internal organs were removed and processed separately, but they too were

consumed by birds. The hair is removed from the head and may be simply thrown away; at

Drigung it seems at least some hair is kept in a room of the monastery.

None of the eyewitness accounts specify which kind of knife is used in thejhator. One source

states that it is a "ritual flaying knife" or trigu(Sanskritkartika), but another source expressesscepticism, noting that the trigu is considered a woman's tool (rogyapas seem to be exclusively

male).

Kadang-kadang organ internal telah dihapus dan diproses secara terpisah, tetapi mereka juga

dikonsumsi oleh burung. Rambut akan dihapus dari kepala dan mungkin hanya dibuang, pada

Drigung tampaknya setidaknya beberapa rambut disimpan di sebuah ruangan biara.Tak satu pun dari saksi mata rekening menentukan jenis pisau yang digunakan dalam jhator

tersebut. Salah satu sumber menyatakan bahwa itu adalah "ritual flaying pisau" atau Trigu

(Sanskerta kartika), namun sumber lain mengungkapkan skeptisisme, mencatat bahwa Trigudianggap alat wanita (rogyapas tampaknya eksklusif laki-laki).

Skeletal remains as vultures feed.

Sisa-sisa kerangka sebagai pakan burung nasar.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartika_%28knife%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartika_%28knife%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartika_%28knife%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulture.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulture.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartika_%28knife%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit

7/30/2019 sky bural

9/11

9

The species contributing to the ritual is the "Eurasian Griffon" or "Old World vulture" (orderFalconiformes, family Accipitridae, scientific nameGyps fulvus).

In places where there are severaljhatorofferings each day, the birds sometimes have to be

coaxed to eat, which may be accomplished with a ritual dance. It is considered a bad omen if the

vultures will not eat, or if even a small portion of the body is left after the birds fly away.

In places where fewer bodies are offered, the vultures are more eager- and sometimes have to befended off with sticks during the initial preparations.

Spesies berkontribusi terhadap ritual adalah "Eurasia Griffon" atau "vulture Dunia Lama" (urutan

Falconiformes, Accipitridae keluarga, nama ilmiah Gyps fulvus).

Di tempat-tempat di mana terdapat persembahan jhator beberapa jam setiap hari, burung-burungkadang-kadang harus dibujuk untuk makan, yang dapat dicapai dengan tarian ritual. Hal ini

dianggap sebagai pertanda buruk jika burung nasar tidak mau makan, atau jika bahkan sebagian

kecil dari tubuh yang tersisa setelah burung terbang jauh.Di tempat-tempat di mana tubuh lebih sedikit yang ditawarkan, burung nasar lebih bersemangat-

dan kadang-kadang harus menangkis dengan tongkat selama persiapan awal.

In popular culture

In issue 55 ofNeil Gaiman's Sandman series (World's End: Cerements) there is a discussion of

the principles of "air burial". The character Master Klaproth of the Necropolis Litharge (a citywhose inhabitants are devoted to study of death and to the dignified disposal of the dead)

comments on the practice thus:

"I have, on occasion, reflected that the air burial is perhaps the truest reflection of whatwe do... Complete disposal of the client, in a handful of hours. Everything is given to the

birds: the flesh, the lights, the meat, even the bones... Everything is swallowed by the sky"(pp.78).

Dalam budaya populer

Dalam edisi 55 dari Neil Gaiman Sandman series (End Dunia: pakaian orang mati) ada diskusi tentang

prinsip-prinsip "penguburan udara". Master Karakter Klaproth dari litharge Necropolis (sebuah kota

yang penduduknya yang dikhususkan untuk mempelajari kematian dan pembuangan bermartabat orang

mati) komentar pada praktek demikian:

"Saya telah, pada kesempatan, tercermin bahwa penguburan udara mungkin refleksi sebenarnya dari

apa yang kita lakukan ... pembuangan Lengkap klien, dalam beberapa jam Semuanya diberikan kepada

burung-burung:. Daging, lampu, daging, bahkan tulang ... Semuanya ditelan langit "(pp.7-8).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffon_Vulturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World_vulturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconiformeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accipitridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyps_fulvushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyps_fulvushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyps_fulvushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gaimanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sandman_%28Vertigo%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sandman:_Worlds%27_Endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sandman:_Worlds%27_Endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sandman:_Worlds%27_Endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sandman:_Worlds%27_Endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sandman_%28Vertigo%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gaimanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyps_fulvushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accipitridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconiformeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World_vulturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffon_Vulture

7/30/2019 sky bural

10/11

10

See also

Dakhma, the Zoroastrian structure for exposure of the dead

References1. ^ http://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/sky-burial.htm2. ^ http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/tibet/sky-buria.htm3. ^PBS, "Cave People of the Himalaya"4. ^ Wylie 1965, p. 232.5. ^ Martin 1996, pp. 360365.6. ^ Joyce & Williamson 2003, p. 815.7. ^ Martin 1991, p. 212.8. ^ Ramachandra Rao 1977, p. 5.9. ^ab Goss & Klass 1997, p. 385.10.

^ Faison 1999, para. 13.11.^ Kongtrul 2005, p. 493.

12.^ Ash 1992, p. 59Bibliography

Ash, Niema (1992), Flight of the Wind Horse: A Journal into Tibet, London: Rider,pp. 5761, ISBN 0-7126-3599-8.

Bruno, Ellen (2000), Sky Burial|11 minute film, Bruno Films. Faison, Seth (July 3, 1999), "Lirong Journal; Tibetans, and Vultures, Keep Ancient Burial

Rite",New York Times, nytimes.com,

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all.

Goss, Robert E.; Klass, Dennis (1997), Tibetan Buddhism and the resolution of grief: TheBardo-Thodol for the dying and the grieving, "Tibetan Buddhism and the resolution ofgrief: the Bardo-thodol for the dying and the grieving.",Death Studies21 (4): 377395,

doi:10.1080/074811897201895, PMID 10170479.

Joyce, Kelly A.; Williamson, John B. (2003), "Body recycling", in Bryant, Clifton D.,Handbook of Death & Dying, 2, Thousand Oaks: Sage, ISBN 0-7619-2514-7.

Kongtrul Lodr Tay, Jamgn (2005), Systems of Buddhist Tantra, The IndestructibleWay of Secret Mantra, The Treasury of Knowledge, book 6, part 4, Boulder: Snow Lion,

ISBN 1-55939-210-X.

Martin, Daniel Preston (1991), The Emergence of Bon and the Tibetan PolemicalTradition, (Ph.D. thesis), Indiana University Press, OCLC 24266269.

Martin, Daniel Preston (1996), "On the Cultural Ecology of Sky Burial on the HimalayanPlateau",East and West46 (34): 353370.

Mullin, Glenn H. (1998).Living in the Face of Death: The Tibetan Tradition. 2008reprint: Snow Lion Publications, Ithica, New York. ISBN 978-1-55939-310-2.

Ramachandra Rao, Saligrama Krishna (1977), Tibetan Tantrik Tradition, New Delhi:Arnold Heinemann, OCLC 5942361.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakhmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-0http://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/sky-burial.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-1http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/tibet/sky-buria.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-2http://www.pbs.org/programs/cave-people-himalaya/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFWylie1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFMartin1996http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFJoyceWilliamson2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFMartin1991http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFRamachandra_Rao1977http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-GossKlass_8-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-GossKlass_8-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-GossKlass_8-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-GossKlass_8-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFGossKlass1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-nyt_9-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-nyt_9-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFFaison1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-Kongtrul_2005_493_10-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-Kongtrul_2005_493_10-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFKongtrul2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFAsh1992http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-3599-8http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F074811897201895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10170479http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-2514-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamgon_Kongtrulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55939-210-Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Centerhttp://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24266269http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullin,_Glenn_H.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781559393102http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Centerhttp://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5942361http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5942361http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781559393102http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullin,_Glenn_H.http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24266269http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55939-210-Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamgon_Kongtrulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-2514-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10170479http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F074811897201895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE2DB123DF930A35754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-3599-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFAsh1992http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFKongtrul2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-Kongtrul_2005_493_10-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFFaison1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-nyt_9-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFGossKlass1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-GossKlass_8-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-GossKlass_8-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFRamachandra_Rao1977http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFMartin1991http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFJoyceWilliamson2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFMartin1996http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#CITEREFWylie1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-3http://www.pbs.org/programs/cave-people-himalaya/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-2http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/tibet/sky-buria.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-1http://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/sky-burial.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial#cite_ref-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakhma

7/30/2019 sky bural

11/11

11

Wylie, Turrell V. (1964), "Ro-langs: the Tibetan zombie",History of Religions4 (1): 6980, doi:10.1086/462495.

Wylie, Turrell V. (1965), "Mortuary Customs at Sa-Skya, Tibet",Harvard Journal ofAsiatic Studies (Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 25) 25: 229242,

doi:10.2307/2718344, JSTOR 2718344.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F462495http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2718344http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTORhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2718344http://www.jstor.org/stable/2718344http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTORhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2718344http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F462495http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier