1

Mammal skulls and teeth

LIONPanthera felis

The reduced number of teeth is typical of all cats

2

LIONPanthera felis

WOLFCanis lupus

Note full set of 4 premolars and 3 molars in mandible

3

WOLFCanis lupus

P1

P2

P3

P4

M1

M2

M3

FOXVulpes vulpes

4

FOXVulpes vulpes

Note the close similarities to wolf and dog

FOXVulpes vulpes

DOGCanis familiaris

5

BEARUrsus arctos

Teeth less obviously ‘carnivorous’ than cats or dogs

BEARUrsus arctos

6

BADGERMeles meles

Typical mustelid dentition

OTTERLutra lutra

A more specialised mustelid adapted to catching live prey

7

BEECH MARTENMartes foina

RHINOCEROSDiceros bicornis

8

HORSEEquus caballus

It’s all about processing grass

Diastema between incisors and premolars

Big molariformpremolars

NB canine tooth – this is a male horse

HORSEEquus caballus

Deciduous premolars 2-4

Permanent molars 1 & 2

Unerupted molar 3

9

CATTLEBos sp.

P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3

I1 I2 I3 C

CATTLEBos sp.

Note the absence of upper incisors, which is typical of cattle, sheep, goats, deer, antelopes, gazelles … and other artiodactyls

10

RED DEERCervus elaphus

RED DEERCervus elaphus

11

RED DEERCervus elaphus

RED DEERCervus elaphus

12

PIGSus scrofa

Typical omnivore dentition, not unlike bear

PIGSus scrofa

P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3

P1

13

PIGSus scrofa

SHEEPOvis sp.

P2 P3 P4

P2 P3 P4

14

BEAVERCastor fiber

CAPYBARAHydrochoerus hydrochaeris

Typical, though huge and exotic, rodent

15

BATChiroptera

Teeth for crushing and piercing insect prey

KANGAROOMacropus sp.

Note the functional similarities to other herbivores – big diastema, infolded enamel on big, grinding molars

16

Stegodon sp

Stegotetrabelodon

Two extinct proboscideans