skog forsk norwegian forest research institute fungi associated with conifer-infesting bark beetles...

SKOG FORSKSKOG FORSKNorwegian Forest Research Norwegian Forest Research

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Fungi associated with

conifer-infesting bark beetles in Norway and

South AfricaProf. Paal Krokene

Prof. Mike Wingfield

South Africa – Norway Programme on Research Co-operation Cape Town, 14 March 2005


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BACKGROUND

South African Partner: University of Pretoria

FABI (Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute)

Professor Mike WingfieldNorwegian Partner: Norwegian Forest Research Institute

SKOGFORSKProfessor Paal Krokene

Project periode: Aug. 2002 – Aug. 2005


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KEY OBJECTIVES

• Both Norway and South Africa are countries with important forestry industries. Seek opportunities to develop research and capacity building synergy in this domain.

• Establish firm Norway/ South African collaboration in forest protection research. Capitalise on different research strengths of the two parties.

• Expand the understanding of South African students and staff, particularly in studying forest insect pests.

• Strong focus on student training and capacity building.


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BARK BEETLES AND FUNGI

Scolytidae (Coleoptera) Family of small beetles

(<1 to 10 mm) 6,000 species worldwide

(Norway 44, South Africa 3)


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TREE KILLING BY BARK BEETLES

Photo by Mark McGregor, USDA Forest Service.

The mountain pine beetle killed 80 million pine trees in the NW United States from 1979 to 1983


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TREE-KILLING BY BARK BEETLES

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Some bark beetles can swim

in resin!

1. Tolerate tree defenses

Sticky spores on the body surface, in the gut

or in specialized mycangia

33

3. Are associated with tree-killing fungi

Thousands of beetles mass-

attack each tree22

2. Have very powerful aggregation pheromones


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BARK BEETLES AND FUNGI


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STAFF & STUDENT EXCHANGE

Visitor Place Stay

Paal Krokene, Skogforsk

Pretoria Jan. 3 – May 31, 2003

Karin Jacobs, FABI Ås May 17 – 31, 2004

Jolanda Roux, FABI Ås Jun. 7 – Jul. 28, 2004

Halvor Solheim, Skogforsk

Pretoria Apr. 10 – 24, 2005

Joha Grobellaar, FABI Ås Jun. – Aug., 2005

Gilbert Kamgan, FABI Ås Jun. – Aug., 2005


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STAFF & STUDENT EXCHANGE


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SCIENTIFIC OUTPUT

Articles in referee-based scientific journals: 5Zhou XD, de Beer ZW, Harrington TC, McNew D, Kirisits T, Wingfield MJ (2004)

Epitypification of Ophiostoma galeiforme and phylogeny of species in the O. galeiforme complex. MYCOLOGIA 96 (6): 1306-1315.

Jacobs K, Kirisits T, Wingfield MJ (2004) Taxonomic re-evaluation of three related species of Graphium, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. MYCOLOGIA 95 (4): 714-727.

Krokene P, Barnes I, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ (2004) A PCR-RFLP based diagnostic technique to rapidly identify Seiridium species causing cypress canker. MYCOLOGIA 96 (6): 1352-1354.

Marin MM, Preisig O, Wingfield BD, Kirisits T, Yamaoka and Wingfield MJ (2005) Phenotypic and DNA sequence data comparisons reveal three discrete species in the Ceratocystis polonica sensu latu complex. MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH (in press)

Jacobs K, Solheim H, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. Taxonomic re-evaluation of Leptographium lundbergii based on DNA sequence comparisons and morphology. MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH (submitted)

Conference and Workshop presentations: 4


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HOW WE LEARNED ABOUT THE PROGRAMME

Long-standing desire for cooperation that finally materialized:

• Contact since 1995 and before plans materialized for a visit in 1st half of 2003 with funding

• Looked for additional funding South African partner came across the Norway-SA programme in beginning of March 2003

• Norwegian partner had heard about plans for the programme at an earlier stage (+/- 2001)


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THE APPLICATION PROCESS

Fast and straight-forward process:• Wrote a proposal via e-mail during April 2002 deadline

25 April positive answer July 6, 2002 project started August 1, 2002

• Funding approved at end of 2002• The budget was the greatest challenge lots of

opportunities and constraints• Late receipt of South African funds late 2003• Lack of available students early in process


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SYNERGIES AND MUTUAL BENEFITS

• Expanded understanding of research for respective countries

• Exposure of students to new ideas and cultures

• Substantial expansion of research experience (techniques)

• Growth in research outputs

• Improved educational inputs

• Expansion of forestry and especially forest protection knowledge amongst South African researchers and students


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ROLE IN PROMOTING REDRESS

•Slow beginning

•Gaining impetus gradually but surely

•Term of grants should be substantially longer


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FUTURE PLANS

• Project requires an additional year (without new funds) to achieve full benefit. This due to starting a year late.

• New research opportunities identified for future and stronger collaboration.

• Students and researchers allerted to opportunities to collaborate. Thus an excellent foundation has been established for further success.


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skog forsk norwegian forest research institute fungi associated with conifer-infesting bark beetles...

Documents

wingfield mj

wingfield bd

forest protection research

different research strengths

south africaprof

kirisits t

norwaysa programme

phylogeny of species