skin appendages
DESCRIPTION
Skin Appendages. These appendages come from the epidermis and help maintain the body’s homeostasis. Cutaneous (relating to skin) glands Sebaceous glands Sweat glands Hair Hair follicles Nails. Appendages of the Skin. Sebaceous glands Produce oil - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Skin AppendagesSkin Appendages
►CutaneousCutaneous (relating to skin) (relating to skin) glandsglands Sebaceous glandsSebaceous glands Sweat glandsSweat glands
►HairHair►Hair folliclesHair follicles►NailsNails
These appendages come from the epidermis and help maintain the body’s homeostasis.
Appendages of the SkinAppendages of the Skin
►Sebaceous glandsSebaceous glands Produce oilProduce oil
► Lubricant for skin which keeps skin soft and Lubricant for skin which keeps skin soft and moistmoist
► Prevents brittle hairPrevents brittle hair► Kills bacteria (slightly acidic)Kills bacteria (slightly acidic)
Most have ducts that empty into hair follicles; Most have ducts that empty into hair follicles; others open directly onto skin surfaceothers open directly onto skin surface
Glands are activated at puberty and this is Glands are activated at puberty and this is what causes teenage acnewhat causes teenage acne
Appendages of the SkinAppendages of the Skin
Facial BlemishesFacial Blemishes►WhiteheadWhitehead – –
sebaceous gland is sebaceous gland is blocked usually from blocked usually from the oily substance the oily substance made by the gland.made by the gland.
► BlackheadBlackhead – when – when whitehead dries, it whitehead dries, it darkens forming darkens forming blackheadblackhead
► AcneAcne – an active – an active infection of the infection of the sebaceous glands sebaceous glands caused by bacteriacaused by bacteria
Appendages of the SkinAppendages of the Skin►Sweat glandsSweat glands
Produce sweat Widely distributed in skin Produce sweat Widely distributed in skin (2.5 million per person)(2.5 million per person)
helps cool the bodyhelps cool the body Two typesTwo types
► EccrineEccrine Open via duct to pore on skin surfaceOpen via duct to pore on skin surface Most numerous on the bodyMost numerous on the body
► ApocrineApocrine Ducts empty into hair folliclesDucts empty into hair follicles Found mostly in armpits and genital areasFound mostly in armpits and genital areas Precise function is unknown but are they are Precise function is unknown but are they are
activated during pain, stress and during sexual activated during pain, stress and during sexual foreplay.foreplay.
Appendages of the SkinAppendages of the Skin
Sweat and Sweat and Its FunctionIts Function
►CompositionComposition Mostly waterMostly water Salts and vitamin CSalts and vitamin C Some metabolic waste (urea and uric acid)Some metabolic waste (urea and uric acid) Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)
►FunctionFunction Helps rid body of excess heatHelps rid body of excess heat Excretes waste productsExcretes waste products Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growthAcidic nature inhibits bacteria growth
►Odor is from associated bacteriaOdor is from associated bacteria
Appendages of the SkinAppendages of the Skin
►HairHair Produced by hair Produced by hair
follicle which are follicle which are made of hard made of hard keratinized keratinized epithelial cellsepithelial cells
MelanocytesMelanocytes provide pigment provide pigment for hair colorfor hair color
Structure of Hair FollicleStructure of Hair Follicle
Hair AnatomyHair Anatomy►Hair anatomyHair anatomy
Central medullaCentral medulla CortexCortex surrounds surrounds
medullamedulla CuticleCuticle on outside of on outside of
cortexcortex► Most heavily keratinizedMost heavily keratinized
Hair StructuresHair Structures
►Associated hair structures Associated hair structures Hair follicleHair follicle
► Dermal and epidermal Dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair rootsheath surround hair root
Arrector pili muscleArrector pili muscle ► Smooth muscleSmooth muscle► Pulls hairs upright when cold Pulls hairs upright when cold
or frightenedor frightened
Sebaceous glandSebaceous gland
NailsNails
►NailsNails Scale-like modifications of the Scale-like modifications of the
epidermisepidermis►Heavily Heavily keratinizedkeratinized
Stratum basaleStratum basale extends beneath the extends beneath the nail bednail bed► Responsible for growthResponsible for growth
Lack of pigment makes them colorlessLack of pigment makes them colorless
Nail AnatomyNail Anatomy►Nail structuresNail structures
Free edgeFree edge Body is the visible attached portionBody is the visible attached portion Root of nail embedded in skinRoot of nail embedded in skin Cuticle is the proximal nail fold that projects onto Cuticle is the proximal nail fold that projects onto
the nail bodythe nail body
Severity of BurnsSeverity of Burns►First-degree burnsFirst-degree burns
Only epidermis is damagedOnly epidermis is damaged Skin is red and swollenSkin is red and swollen
►Second-degree burnsSecond-degree burns Epidermis and upper dermis are damagedEpidermis and upper dermis are damaged Skin is red with blistersSkin is red with blisters
►Third-degree burnsThird-degree burns (worst) (worst) Destroys entire skin layerDestroys entire skin layer Burn is gray-white or blackBurn is gray-white or black
Severity of BurnsSeverity of Burns
Rule of NinesRule of Nines
►Way to determine the extent of Way to determine the extent of burnsburns
►Body is divided into 11 areas for Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimationquick estimation
►Each area represents about 9% of Each area represents about 9% of total body surface areatotal body surface area
Rule of NinesRule of Nines